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Cardiovascular risk factors begin in childhood and track into adulthood, increasing the possibility of impaired cardiometabolic health. Adopting healthy dietary patterns can help curb childhood obesity, a worrisome epidemic problem at present. In the era of personalized nutrition, dietary recommendations should be adapted to different stages of life, including children (older than 3 years) and adolescents. Hereby, we present an updated version of the Mediterranean Lifestyle Pyramid addressed to children and adolescents, wihich may be used as a prevention tool by health professionals, teachers, and stakeholders. This pyramid arises from a consensus position between participants in a forum on Mediterranean Food Cultures with international experts. During this meeting, after reviewing all literature published, a consensus was reached on the new Medieterranean Lifestyle Pyramid for kids including details such as labels of the pyramid, position of foods, servings, type of foods, and healthy lifestyle habits. All components of the pyramid are supported by the most recent scientifically sound research and are based upon top-level evidence in nutritional sciences. Fruit, vegetables, legumes, nuts, wholegrains, and EVOO continue to be at the basis of the pyramid, but the importance of an adequate intake of fish, dairy products, and meat during these particular ages, when body and brain development occurs, is also considered. The promotion of physical activity, adequate sleep and good emotional health are emphasized, as well as the consumption of seasonal and local products, and overall sustainability. Improving dietary habits in early stages of life should increase health in adulthood and reduce future incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases. The Mediterranean Diet and its graphic representation in the Lifestyle Pyramid should be a health-fostering tool not only for adults and children, but also for the entire planet because it promotes the diversity of species, respect for the earth, and the local economy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER AND WEBSITE WHERE IT WAS OBTAINED: Not applicable STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A new Mediterranean lifestyle pyramid is addressed to children and adolescents, as well as health professionals, teachers, and stakeholders. Fruit, vegetables, legumes, nuts, wholegrain cereals, and extra-virgin olive oil continue to be a crucial part of the pyramid, but the importance of adequate intake of fish, dairy products, and meat in these early ages, when body and brain development occurs, is also emphasized., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest ☒ The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Emilio Ros reports a relationship with Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc that includes: speaking and lecture fees and travel reimbursement. Emilio Ros reports a relationship with California Walnuts that includes: travel reimbursement. Emilio Ros reports a relationship with Spanish Arteriosclerotic Society that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Emilio Ros reports a relationship with International Nut and Dried Fruit Council that includes: travel reimbursement. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Ramon Estruch reports administrative support was provided by Fundacion Dieta Mediterranea, Barcelona (Spain). Ramon Estruch reports a relationship with Carlos III Health Institute that includes: funding grants. Ramon Estruch reports a relationship with European Comission, Brussells, Belgium that includes: funding grants. Ramon Estruch reports a relationship with National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA that includes: funding grants. Ramon Estruch reports a relationship with Cerveza y Salud, Madrid, Spain that includes: consulting or advisory. Ramon Estruch reports a relationship with Dallant Laboratories, Spain that includes: consulting or advisory. Ramon Estruch reports a relationship with Wine and Culinary International Forum, Barcelona (Spain) that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Ramon Estruch reports a relationship with Grand-Fountain Laboratories, Spain that includes: funding grants. Ramon Estruch reports a relationship with Karolinska Institute, Menarini Laboratories, Sweeden that includes: travel reimbursement. Ramon Estruch reports a relationship with Iberoamerican Foundation for Nutrition that includes: travel reimbursement. Ramon Estruch reports a relationship with Italian Pavilion, EXPO DUBAI 2020 that includes: travel reimbursement. Ramon Estruch reports a relationship with Vatican City that includes: travel reimbursement. Ramon Estruch reports a relationship with Fundacion de Investigación sobre Vino y Nutricion, Vilafranca (Spain)pain) that includes: funding grants and travel reimbursement. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos reports a relationship with Carlos III Health Institute that includes: funding grants. Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos reports a relationship with European Comission, Brussells, Belgium that includes: funding grants. Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos reports a relationship with National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA that includes: funding grants. Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos reports a relationship with Ecoveritas SA, Spain that includes: non-financial support. Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos reports a relationship with Cerveza y Salud, Madrid, Spain that includes: funding grants. Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos reports a relationship with UNIDECO SA that includes: consulting or advisory. Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos reports a relationship with Wine in Moderation, Brussels that includes: travel reimbursement. Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos reports a relationship with ADVENTIA SA, Spain that includes: travel reimbursement. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Andrea Vania reports a relationship with Italian Society of Human Nutrition that includes: travel reimbursement. Javier Fontecha reports a relationship with Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities that includes: funding grants. Sara Castro-Barquero reports a relationship with Alfonso Martín Escudero Foundation that includes: employment. Ana Maria Ruiz-Leon reports a relationship with Fundacion Dieta Mediterranean, Barcelona, Spain that includes: paid expert testimony. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Gait analysis has proven to be a key process in the functional assessment of people involving many fields, such as diagnosis of diseases or rehabilitation, and has increased in relevance lately. Gait analysis often requires gathering data, although this can be very expensive and time consuming. One of the main solutions applied in fields when data acquisition is a problem is augmentation of datasets with artificial data. There are two main approaches for doing that: simulation and synthetic data generation. In this article, we propose a parametrizable generative system of synthetic walking simplified human skeletons. For achieving that, a data gathering experiment with up to 26 individuals was conducted. The system consists of two artificial neural networks: a recurrent neural network for the generation of the movement and a multilayer perceptron for determining the size of the segments of the skeletons. The system has been evaluated through four processes: (i) an observational appraisal by researchers in gait analysis, (ii) a visual representation of the distribution of the generated data, (iii) a numerical analysis using the normalized cross-correlation coefficient, and (iv) an angular evaluation to check the kinematic validity of the data. The evaluation concluded that the system is able to generate realistic and accurate gait data. These results reveal a promising path for this research field, which can be further improved through increasing the variety of movements and the user sample., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Milk and dairy products containing milk fat are major food sources of saturated fatty acids, which have been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular-related clinical outcomes such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. Therefore, current recommendations by health authorities advise consumption of low-fat or fat-free milk. Today, these recommendations are seriously questioned by meta-analyses of both prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting inconsistent results. The present study includes an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of follow-up studies, an overview of meta-analyses involving RCTs, and an update on meta-analyses of RCTs (2013-2018) aiming to synthesize the evidence regarding the influence of dairy product consumption on the risk of major cardiovascular-related outcomes and how various doses of different dairy products affect the responses, as well as on selected biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk, i.e., blood pressure and blood lipids. The search strategies for both designs were conducted in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science databases from their inception to April 2018. From the 31 full-text articles retrieved for cohort studies, 17 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled risk ratio estimated for the association between the consumption of different dairy products at different dose-responses and cardiovascular outcomes (CVD, CHD, and stroke) showed a statistically significant negative association with RR values <1, or did not find evidence of significant association. The overview of 12 meta-analyses involving RCTs as well as the updated meta-analyses of RCTs did not result in significant changes on risk biomarkers such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Therefore, the present study states that the consumption of total dairy products, with either regular or low fat content, does not adversely affect the risk of CVD., (Copyright © American Society for Nutrition 2019.)

Concomitant with increased lifespan, large segments of the population are experiencing cognitive decline, which might progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, there is no cure for AD and, once the neurodegenerative disorders are established, patients use pharmacologic therapy to slow the progression of the symptoms and require appropriate care to manage their condition. The preclinical stage of neural degeneration that progress through mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before the onset of AD is when it might be possible to introduce behavioral changes and pharma-nutritional interventions that modify the risk factors of MCI conversion to AD. Some food components accumulate in brain tissues, where they play essential roles. Among them, polar lipids, omega 3 fatty acids, and carotenoids appear to work additively or synergistically. Therefore, there is an opportunity to formulate nutraceuticals/functional foods to slow the progression of MCI. In this paper, we review the biochemical bases and recent interventions with bioactive lipids-rich formulations. Based on accumulated evidence, we propose that appropriate large-scale trials are warranted., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Quantitative gait analysis allows clinicians to assess the inherent gait variability over time which is a functional marker to aid in the diagnosis of disabilities or diseases such as frailty, the onset of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. However, despite the accuracy achieved by the current specialized systems there are constraints that limit quantitative gait analysis, for instance, the cost of the equipment, the limited access for many people and the lack of solutions to consistently monitor gait on a continuous basis. In this paper, two low-cost systems for quantitative gait analysis are presented, a wearable inertial system that relies on two wireless acceleration sensors mounted on the ankles; and a passive vision-based system that externally estimates the measurements through a structured light sensor and 3D point-cloud processing. Both systems are compared with a reference clinical instrument using an experimental protocol focused on the feasibility of estimating temporal gait parameters over two groups of healthy adults (five elders and five young subjects) under controlled conditions. The error of each system regarding the ground truth is computed. Inter-group and intra-group analyses are also conducted to transversely compare the performance between both technologies, and of these technologies with respect to the reference system. The comparison under controlled conditions is required as a previous stage towards the adaptation of both solutions to be incorporated into Ambient Assisted Living environments and to provide continuous in-home gait monitoring as part of the future work., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Isolation is the main bottleneck in the analysis of fatty acids in biological samples and foods. In the last few decades some methods described direct derivatization procedures bypassing these steps. They involve the utilization of methanolic HCL or BF3 as catalysts, but several evidences from previous works suggest these reagents are unstable, lead to the formation of artifacts and alter the distribution of specific compounds as hydroxy fatty acids or CLA. However, the main issue is that they are excellent esterification reagents but poor in transterification, being not suitable for the analysis of all lipid classes and leading to erroneous composition quantitations. The present research work is a comprehensive comparison of six general methylation protocols using base, acid or base/acid catalysts plus a proposed method in the analysis of total fatty acids in lipid standards mixtures, foodstuff and biological samples. The addition of aprotic solvents to the reaction mixture to avoid alterations was also tested. Results confirmed that procedures solely involving acid catalyst resulted in incomplete derivatizations and alteration of the fatty acid profile, partially corrected by addition of the aprotic solvent. The proposed method combining sodium methoxyde and sulfuric acid showed absence of alteration of the FAME profile and the best values for response factors (short chain fatty acids to PUFA), accuracy in the determination of total cholesterol and derivatization performance, thus showing a high reliability in the determination of the total fatty acid composition in biological samples and foods., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The electrospinning technique has allowed that very different materials are deposited as sensitive layers on Love-wave devices forming a low cost and successful sensor array. Their excellent sensitivity, good linearity and short response time are reported in this paper. Several materials have been used to produce the nanofibers: polymers as Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Polystirene (PS); composites with polymers as PVA+SnCl4; combined polymers as PS+Poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PS+PSMA) and metal oxides (SnO2). In order to test the array, well-known chemical warfare agent simulants (CWAs) have been chosen among the volatile organic compounds due to their importance in the security field. Very low concentrations of these compounds have been detected by the array, such as 0.2 ppm of DMMP, a simulant of sarin nerve gas, and 1 ppm of DPGME, a simulant of nitrogen mustard. Additionally, the CWA simulants used in the experiment have been discriminated and classified using pattern recognition techniques, such as principal component analysis and artificial neural networks., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

An array of Love-wave sensors based on quartz and Novolac has been developed to detect chemical warfare agents (CWAs). These weapons are a risk for human health due to their efficiency and high lethality; therefore an early and clear detection is of enormous importance for the people safety. Love-wave devices realized on quartz as piezoelectric substrate and Novolac as guiding layer have been used to make up an array of six sensors, which have been coated with specific polymers by spin coating. The CWAs are very dangerous and for safety reasons their well known simulants have been used: dimethylmethyl phosphonate (DMMP), dipropyleneglycol methyl ether (DPGME), dimethylmethyl acetamide (DMA), dichloroethane (DCE), dichloromethane (DCM) and dichloropentane (DCP). The array has been exposed to these CWA simulants detecting very low concentrations, such as 25 ppb of DMMP, a simulant of nerve agent sarin. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) as data pre-processing and discrimination technique, and probabilistic neural networks (PNN) as patterns classification technique have been applied. The performance of the sensor array has shown stability, accuracy, high sensitivity and good selectivity to these simulants., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

An improved HPLC-ELSD method has been developed for the analysis of the lipid classes of buttermilk and milk from different species, focused in the phospholipids fraction without a prior fractionation step and in a single run. The total lipid profile analysis showed the major and minor lipid compounds as cholesterol esters, triacylglycerides, cholesterol, diacylglycerides, free fatty acids, monoacylglycerides, and also the polar compounds as glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine. The identification and quantification of the different compounds, using calibration curves made with individual standards and the low coefficients of variation obtained in the inter- and intra-assays showed the suitability of the developed method. In this study, we optimized and validated a quantitative HPLC-ELSD method at a concentration level suitable for routine analysis of the major lipid classes in milk and dairy products., (2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

An electronic nose, utilizing the principle of surface acoustic waves (SAW), was used to differentiate among different wines of the same variety of grapes which come from the same cellar. The electronic nose is based on eight surface acoustic wave sensors, one is a reference sensor and the others are coated by different polymers by spray coating technique. Data analysis was performed by two pattern recognition methods; principal component analysis (PCA) and probabilistic neuronal network (PNN). The results showed that electronic nose was able to identify the tested wines.