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Spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) is defined as the deposition of loose fat tissue in the epidural space. Two cases are reported which illustrate the main features of this uncommon disease. Most frequently SEL is revealed by neurologic manifestations such as an acute chronic spinal cord compression. Corticosteroid therapy and obesity are the main factors able to induce the disease. The common location of the SEL at the thoracic spine is explained by the physiologic abundance of fat and by the relative narrowness of the spinal canal at this level. An osteoporotic vertebral crush fracture which reduces the diameter of the canal frequently reveals the SEL. MRI confirms the diagnosis of SEL and shows the extent in the spinal canal. The treatment of SEL is difficult. The decrease or the stop of corticosteroid therapy has allowed the recovery in a few cases with chronic neurologic symptoms. The risks of a surgical procedure are important in these patients and the medical or surgical treatment should be discussed taking into account the clinical symptoms of SEL, its location and extent, and the risks of recurrence if corticosteroid therapy must go on.

Constrictive pericarditis is a rare complication of rheumatoid arthritis, with 78 published cases. We report a new typical case where the pericardial disease was associated with a severe seronegative rheumatoid arthritis of 17 years duration. Constrictive pericarditis generally occurs in men (62.8% of all cases) aged 52.4 +/- 11.5 years. Its clinical features are identical with those of constrictive pericarditis due to other causes. Diagnosis rests on echocardiography and, chiefly, on right heart catheterization. The arthritis is seropositive in 85.7% of the cases, frequently nodular (75%) and advanced. There is no relation between its duration (mean: 9.6 +/- 7.4 years) and the occurrence of the pericardial pathology. The pericardial fluid has no specific abnormality. Histology shows fibrosis and a non-specific inflammatory cell infiltrate. Immunoglobulin and complement deposits in the walls of the pericardial vessels are detected by immunofluorescence. The only treatment is pericardiectomy; without it the disease is constantly lethal.

The diagnosis of reactive arthritis requires the identification of a trigger infection. Since 1984 we have carried out a series of serological tests that we have called "serology of reactive arthritis": they aim at detecting antibodies against the most common infectious agents in this particular pathology. This serology is essentially based on the complement-fixation test. Here we report the results obtained over a period of two years, comparing them with clinical and biological data: 168 cases have been studied. They include to two groups of patients: group A reassembling seronegative spondylarthropathies and including reactive arthritis (N = 104), and group B with patients suffering from a typical rheumatic affection usually having no relation to spondylarthropathies (N = 64). We propose for each antigen a level of positivity from which the presence of antibodies can be taken into consideration as part of the diagnosis. With reference to these levels we have obtained a significant relationship to recent antecedents (genito-urinary and intestinal), to the presence of IgM circulating immune complexes and to the precocity of the serological tests. The contribution of this type of serology to the recognition of reactive arthritis has been studied together with the other diagnosis factors of the diseases. We have been able to show significant rates of antibodies in more than 50% of the cases. The negative results and limits of this serodiagnosis are discussed.

Fourteen osteoporotic women who had been under treatment with fluoride (23 mg/day of fluorine ions) for 12 months on average developed periarticular pain in the lower limbs or pelvis, corresponding to 21 fractures due to bone insufficiency. Six of these fractures were revealed only by radionuclide uptake in the painful areas, whereas the remaining 15 fractures, including 2 of the sacrum, were visible at radiography. Four patients had a past history of hyperthyroidism or were in a state of active hyperthyroidism detected by hormonal assays and iliac bone biopsy when the fractures were diagnosed. The decalcification associated with hyperthyroidism facilitates the occurrence of bone insufficiency fractures, as do treatments with high doses of fluoride, inadequate calcium supplement intake (observed in 5 cases) or the presence before treatment of renal impairment or disorders of bone mineralization, sometimes detected only by iliac bone biopsy. Repeated measurements of blood and urinary fluoride levels during treatment make it possible to adjust fluoride dosage, and lower doses (14 mg/day of fluorine ions) might reduce the incidence of the adverse effects of fluoride on bone.