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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for women in the United States and globally. There is an abundance of evidence-based trials evaluating the efficacy of drug therapies to reduce morbidity and mortality in CVD. Additionally, there are well-established influences of sex, through a variety of mechanisms, on pharmacologic treatments in CVD. Despite this, the majority of drug trials are not powered to evaluate sex-specific outcomes, and much of the data that exists is gathered post hoc and through meta-analysis. The FDA established a committee in 1993 to increase the enrollment of women in clinical trials to improve this situation. Several authors, reviewing committees, and professional societies have highlighted the importance of sex-specific analysis and reporting. Despite these statements, there has not been a major improvement in representation or reporting. There are ongoing efforts to assess trial design, female representation on steering committees, and clinical trial processes to improve the representation of women. This review will describe the pharmacologic basis for the need for sex-specific assessment of cardiovascular drug therapies. It will also review the sex-specific reporting of landmark drug trials in hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), hyperlipidemia, and heart failure (HF). In reporting enrollment of women, several therapeutic areas like antihypertensives and newer anticoagulation trials fare better than therapeutics for HF and acute coronary syndromes. Further, drug trials and cardiometabolic or lifestyle intervention trials had a higher percentage of female participants than the device or procedural trials., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background and Aim: Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at high-risk for hospital readmission. We examined the rate, factors associated with, and outcomes of 30-day readmissions for patients who underwent a PCI., Methods: We reviewed medical records of all patients who underwent PCI between 2011 and 2014 at a central New England radial first, tertiary care center. Data was collected on occurrence and cause of readmission as well as patients' bleeding events and survival at one year. Logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with 30-day readmission as well as its association with bleeding and all-cause mortality., Results: A total of 3858 patients were studied (mean age = 62.8 years with 26.1% women), among whom 348 (9.5%) patients were readmitted within 30-days. Cardiac causes of readmission represented 62% of all readmissions. In the multi-variable adjusted regression model, factors that were significantly associated with 30-day readmission included female gender, prior coronary bypass surgery, acute coronary syndrome, anemia, length of stay, and delay in initial presentation. Patients who were readmitted had more than twice the risk of bleeding and mortality at one year as compared to those who were not readmitted within 30 days., Conclusions: In conclusion, our results suggest that early hospital readmission after undergoing PCI is common and has not changed in recent years. Efforts should be made to identify and closely monitor patients who are at risk for readmission after PCI., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy, often manifesting as early-stage well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma associated with a high likelihood of long-term recurrence-free survival. Minimally invasive surgery for surgical staging of endometrial lesions is now routinely practiced, with laparoscopy the preferred surgical approach at many cancer centers. Recurrence or metastasis of early-stage well-differentiated endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma is uncommon, and may occur due to iatrogenic microscopic seeding of malignant cells during surgery, as suggested by previous reports of cancer metastasis to port sites after minimally invasive surgery, laparotomy incisions after open surgery, or intraperitoneal spread after hysteroscopy or uterine manipulation. Herein we report the only described case of isolated vulvar metastasis of an early-stage FIGO stage IB well-differentiated (histologic grade 1) endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma after minimally invasive surgery for surgical staging. The patient had recurrent endometrioid adenocarcinoma metastasis at the vulva 8 months after robotic-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy and surgical staging with specimen removal through the vagina. In selected cases, we suggest that use of a specimen bag during removal of the uterus through the vagina may limit seeding of malignant cells during minimally invasive surgery to treat cancer., (Copyright © 2014 AAGL. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)