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Foetus-in-foetu is developmental abnormality secondary to the abnormal embryogenesis in a diamniotic, monochorionic pregnancy characterized by a reasonably well-formed foetus that is seen in the form of an encapsulated, pedunculated vertebrate tumour in the abdomen. It is an unusual condition in which foetus is enclosed within the abdomen of a normally developing foetus. This is an interesting rare case of a 6-year-old male child, who presented with progressively increasing abdominal lump since infancy. CT of the abdomen revealed a 17 cm, ill-formed complex, heterogeneous, encapsulated, foetiform, ossified mass in the upper abdomen. The diagnosis of a foetus-in-foetu was made. Complete surgical excision of the lesion was performed and the diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically.

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is well demonstrated by plain radiography but is frequently overlooked. CT scan is a highly reliable modality for evaluating the extent of the lesion, in addition CT myelography images permit an analysis of the degree of encroachment on the spinal canal and compression of the cord. Magnetic resonance imaging noninvasively provides useful information about the degree and extent of spinal cord compression [1].

High resolution ultrasonography allows demonstration of fetal kidneys and urinary bladder from early second trimester and enables to detect a number of major congenital anomalies of the urinary system. The sonographic demonstration of renal anomalies may modify obstetric management, facilitate paediatric and surgical care of the new born or may allow for elective termination of pregnancy. The incidence of congenital renal malformations on routine antenatal ultrasound is about 0.2% [1]. Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease (MCDKD) is usually an incidental finding during routine antenatal sonographic examination. The incidence of MCDKD is about 1 in 5,000-10,000 births [2]. Two cases of fetal bilaeral multicystic kidney disease diagnosed antenatally are described.

Transvaginal sonohysterography was carried out with dynamic instillation of normal saline in the uterine cavity in fourteen infertile patients. Sonohysterography was found to be simple, accurate and specific in delineating endometrial cavity lesions like polyp, submucosal myoma, intrauterine synechiae and endometrial hyperplasia.

Transabdominal sonography (TAS) and Transvaginal sonography (TVS) were compared for follicular monitoring in 73 patients of infertility. These patients were referred for follicular monitoring in normal and stimulated cycles from infertility clinic. Patient compliance and acceptance was excellent for TVS technique as compared to TAS technique. The overall resolution of ovarian and follicular anatomy was much better in TVS. With TAS only 35.6% had good visualisation of follicles as compared to 80.8% (p