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Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare tumor that arises from mesenchymal cells of the lung or pleura. PPB is classified as type I (cystic), type Ir (regressed), type II (cystic and solid), or type III (solid). Here, we report the case of a 2-year-old boy with type II PPB. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the tumor was completely surgically resected. A DICER1 mutation was detected in the tumor specimen. The risk of recurrence is high, and long–term follow–up is required.

Pseudo-Meigs syndrome (PMS) and gliomatosis peritonei (GP) are rare conditions associated with ovarian teratomas. We report the case of an 11-year-old female patient suffering from immature ovarian teratoma with PMS and GP. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a tumor measuring 240 × 150 × 100 mm in the lower abdomen, ascites, and right pleural effusion. Before the operation, the right pleural effusion increased and required chest tube drainage. Right adnexectomy was performed, and peritoneal nodules were detected during surgery. A biopsy was performed and pathological examination revealed a right immature ovarian teratoma (Grade 3) and glial tissue (Grade 0), thus confirming the diagnosis of GP. Postoperatively, ascites and pleural effusion disappeared, confirming the diagnosis of PMS. Eight months after the operation, a metachronous contralateral mature ovarian teratoma developed, for which fertility-sparing surgery was performed. Therefore, long-term follow-up is required in this patient.

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin cells. We report the case of an 11-year-old boy with no history of hypertension who presented with an abdominal mass arising from the retroperitoneum. During laparoscopic surgery, the patient developed a hypertensive crisis with a peak systolic blood pressure of over 270 mmHg, although we were able to continue to perform laparoscopic resection. Even if no concomitant symptoms due to catecholamine production are observed before surgery, as in this case, blood pressure may fluctuate during surgery. Intraoperative and postoperative management should be considered in cooperation with anesthesiologists.

A 10-month-old girl who had previously undergone Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) for biliary atresia was admitted because of recurrent jaundice. Intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) dilation was observed in the lateral segment close to the umbilical portion of the portal vein on ultrasonography and computed tomography. Although percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage by a radiologist alleviated jaundice, internal fistula formation, which was subsequently attempted, was unsuccessful due to the narrow and complicated IHBD morphology. Therefore, side-to-side cholangiojejunostomy between the dilated IHBD and jejunum of the Roux-en-Y limb was performed using intraoperative interventional radiology techniques. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. In patients with recurrent jaundice after KP, especially that associated with solitary IHBD dilatation, a high success rate of achieving good bile flow can be expected using current techniques.

A two-year-old girl presented with an abdominal mass, abdominal pain, and fever. A quail egg-sized elastic-hard mass was palpable in the upper left abdomen. The patient's growth was impaired. Laboratory data showed an inflammatory response and elevated pancreatic enzymes. The mass showed a cystic structure adjacent to the caudal side of the bifid tail of the pancreas. A fluid collection was observed around the spleen. Surgery was planned under the diagnosis of pancreatic foregut cystic malformation (FCM) associated with a bifid pancreatic tail. However, as the inflammation worsened, parenteral nutrition (PN) was introduced and cyst drainage was performed first, obtaining 10–14 mL/day, and her symptoms subsided. Cyst drainage continued for six weeks at home. Laparoscopic surgery was performed 47 days after the initiation of drainage. Cystography showed communication between the cyst and the slightly dilated pancreatic duct of the bifid tail during surgery. A partial pancreatectomy with cystectomy was performed. The diagnosis of FCM originating from the pancreas, associated with the bifid tail, was confirmed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged eight days post-surgery. Pancreatic FCM with a bifid pancreatic tail is rare, and we successfully treated it using minimally invasive surgery.

Benign retroperitoneal teratomas are relatively rare tumors that usually progress slowly and are found in newborns and young adults. Here, we report a case in which a prenatally diagnosed retroperitoneal tumor rapidly increased in diameter from 55 mm to 90 mm during the neonatal period. The tumor was removed while preserving the surrounding organs. Moreover, the patient's postoperative course was uneventful. Pathological examination revealed an immature teratoma with no malignant findings. Notably, even benign neonatal teratomas may exhibit rapid growth of their cystic components after birth.

Bronchogenic cysts are congenital malformations caused by abnormal lung buds. Almost all bronchogenic cysts are found in the thoracic cavity but rarely in the neck. We report a rare case of a cervical bronchogenic cyst diagnosed in the fetal stage. A male baby with a cervical cyst detected at 20 weeks of gestation was suspected of having a 4-cm cystic lymphatic malformation and was subsequently delivered via normal vaginal delivery at 37 weeks. At birth, no symptoms, apart from the palpable elastic tumor mass (3 cm in diameter) on the left side of the neck, were observed. He was followed-up for observation. The cyst contracted at 4 months of age. However, at one year and 4 months of age, the cyst started to grow again without symptomatic manifestations. Cystectomy was performed at 1 year and 11 months of age, and the cyst was diagnosed histologically as a bronchogenic cyst. The postoperative course was uneventful, except for transient recurrent nerve paralysis, which improved 4 months after surgery. No signs of cyst recurrence were observed at the 1-year follow-up. Our case shows that bronchogenic cysts should be considered as a differential diagnosis of cervical cystic disease found before birth. Keywords: Bronchogenic cysts, Prenatal, Cervical

We report the case of a 10-day old boy with biliary atresia (BA) who was delivered by caesarean section at 33 weeks 4 days of gestation (birth weight, 2135 g). At birth, his direct bilirubin level was high, and stools were light yellow. Abdominal ultrasonography showed no triangular cord sign, and duodenal fluid examination showed no bile. We performed a Kasai procedure (KP) 27 days after birth. His liver biopsy showed intrahepatic bile duct reduction. No bile excretion occurred postoperatively. We performed a redo KP 83 days after birth. Postoperative bile excretion was good, and his jaundice promptly resolved. The patient's liver biopsy showed bile duct development. Jaundice recurred at 8 months of age, and brain-dead-donor liver transplantation was required. The patient died of liver failure at 23 months of age.Surgery for BA during the neonatal period is usually effective, and the results of re-operation in cases with poor postoperative biliary excretion are poor. Here, we present a novel case that illustrates the progression and timing of the pathological hepatic changes in BA and consider the indications for and timing of re-operation in preterm infants. Keywords: Biliary atresia, Kasai procedure, Bile duct diseases, Premature, Reoperation