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2. Contributors

Author

Adam, M., primary, Alpert, Nathaniel M., additional, Anderson, J.R., additional, Andreasen, Nancy C., additional, Antonini, A., additional, Ardekani, Babak A., additional, Arndt, Stephan, additional, Ashburner, John, additional, Ashworth, Sharon, additional, Bailey, Dale L., additional, Baker, E., additional, Barnes, D.G., additional, Bench, C., additional, Bendriem, B., additional, Berdichevsky, D., additional, Biegon, A., additional, Blair, R.C., additional, Blomqvist, G., additional, Bloomfield, Peter M., additional, Ponto, Laura L. Boles, additional, Brakeman, Paul, additional, Braun, Michael, additional, Brooks, David J., additional, Brown, C.K., additional, Brown, W.D., additional, Bruckbauer, T., additional, Buckley, K.R., additional, Calonder, C., additional, Campbell, Gregory, additional, Carson, Richard E., additional, Chaly, Thomas, additional, Chan, G. L-Y., additional, Chen, Chin-Tu, additional, Cizadlo, Ted, additional, Cliffe, I.A., additional, Collins, D.L., additional, Cooper, Malcolm, additional, Crivello, F., additional, Crossnoe, M., additional, Cumming, Paul, additional, Cunningham, Vincent J., additional, Czernin, J., additional, Dahlbom, M., additional, Damasio, H., additional, DaSilva, J., additional, Witherspoon, Margaret E. Daube-, additional, DeJesus, O.T., additional, Delforge, J., additional, Dhawan, Vijay, additional, Dickhoven, S., additional, Diksic, Mirko, additional, Eberl, Stefan, additional, Egan, G.F., additional, Eidelberg, David, additional, Eriksson, Lars, additional, Evans, Alan C., additional, Fink, G.R., additional, Fischman, Alan J., additional, Fisher, Ronald E., additional, Fletcher, A., additional, Fontaine, A., additional, Ford, I., additional, Forse, G., additional, Frackowiak, R.S.J., additional, Frank, R.J., additional, Friston, K.J., additional, Frost, J. James, additional, Frouin, V., additional, Fujita, Hideaki, additional, Fujiwara, Takehiko, additional, Fukuda, H., additional, Fulham, Michael J., additional, Gee, Anthony D., additional, Gillings, N., additional, Gjedde, Albert, additional, Glaser, Robert, additional, Grabowski, T.J., additional, Graf, R., additional, Grafton, S.T., additional, Graham, Michael M., additional, Grasby, P., additional, Gunn, R.N., additional, Günther, I., additional, Hagisawa, S., additional, Haida, A., additional, Halber, M., additional, Hallett, Mark, additional, Hansen, Lars K., additional, Harris, Greg, additional, Haslam, Jane, additional, Hasselbalch, Steen, additional, Hatazawa, Jun, additional, Heiss, W.-D., additional, Herholz, K., additional, Herscovitch, Peter, additional, Herzog, H., additional, Hichwa, Richard D., additional, Hoh, C., additional, Holden, J.E., additional, Holm, Søren, additional, Holmes, A.P., additional, Holmes, C.J., additional, Hooper, Patrick K., additional, Houle, S., additional, Houser, D., additional, Huang, Sung-Cheng, additional, Hume, S.P., additional, Hurtig, Richard R., additional, Hussey, D., additional, Hutton, Brian F., additional, Iacoboni, M., additional, Ido, T., additional, Iida, Hidehiro, additional, Inoue, O., additional, Ishii, Kazunari, additional, Ishikawa, Tatsuya, additional, Itoh, H., additional, Itoh, Masatoshi, additional, Iwata, R., additional, Jadali, F., additional, Jagust, W., additional, Jivan, S., additional, Joliot, M., additional, Jones, A.K.P., additional, Jones, C., additional, Jones, Terry, additional, Kanno, Iwao, additional, Kao, Chien-Min, additional, Kapur, S., additional, Karbe, H., additional, Kessler, J., additional, Kilbourn, Michael R., additional, Kimura, Yuichi, additional, Kinahan, P.E., additional, Knorr, U., additional, Kobayashi, K., additional, Kops, E. Rota, additional, Kosugi, Yukio, additional, Kruger, Mark, additional, Kuwabara, Hiroto, additional, Lammertsma, Adriaan A., additional, Laurier, L., additional, Law, Ian, additional, Leenders, K.L., additional, Legg, B., additional, Levin, Z., additional, Lin, Kang-Ping, additional, Links, Jonathan M., additional, Lipinski, B., additional, Lopresti, B.J., additional, Löttgen, J., additional, Luthra, S.K., additional, Ma, Yilong, additional, Maguire, R.P., additional, Mahmood, K., additional, Malizia, Andrea L., additional, Mankoff, David A., additional, Marenco, Stefano, additional, Marrett, S., additional, Mathis, C.A., additional, Matsumura, Y., additional, Mazoyer, B., additional, Mazziotta, John C., additional, McCarron, J.A., additional, Meguro, K., additional, Meikle, Steven R., additional, Mejia, Marco A., additional, Mellet, E., additional, Meltzer, Carolyn Cidis, additional, Meyer, Ernst, additional, Millet, P., additional, Minoshima, S., additional, Mintun, M.A., additional, Missimer, J., additional, Miura, Shuichi, additional, Miyake, M., additional, Momose, Toshimitsu, additional, Mørch, Niels, additional, Morris, Evan D., additional, Morrish, Paul K., additional, Morrison, S., additional, Müller-Gärtner, H.W., additional, Murase, Kenya, additional, Muzi, Mark, additional, Myers, R., additional, Nakamura, Takashi, additional, Nariai, Tadashi, additional, Neelin, P., additional, Nickles, R.J., additional, Nishikawa, Junichi, additional, Nishizawa, Sadahiko, additional, Nutt, D.J., additional, O'Keefe, G.J., additional, O'Leary, Daniel S., additional, O'Sullivan, B.T., additional, O'Sullivan, Finbarr, additional, Oberschelp, W., additional, Ogawa, Toshihide, additional, Ono, S., additional, Osman, S., additional, Patlak, Clifford, additional, Paulson, Olaf B., additional, Pawlik, Gunter, additional, Petit, L., additional, Pietrzyk, U., additional, Pike, V.W., additional, Poline, J.-B., additional, Poole, K., additional, Price, J.C., additional, Psylla, M., additional, Pyzalski, Robert, additional, Rajeswaran, S., additional, Rakshi, James S., additional, Ranicar, Alex, additional, Rauch, Scott L., additional, Remy, P., additional, Reutens, David C., additional, Roberts, Andy, additional, Rosenqvist, G., additional, Rottenberg, D.A., additional, Rousset, Olivier G., additional, Ruth, T.J., additional, Sadato, Norihiro, additional, Samson, Y., additional, Sasaki, H., additional, Sase, Mikiya, additional, Sashin, D., additional, Schaper, K., additional, Schlaug, G., additional, Schnorr, L., additional, Seitz, R.J., additional, Senda, Michio, additional, Shelton, S.E., additional, Shields, Anthony F., additional, Shimosegawa, Eku, additional, Shiraishi, Masahiro, additional, Shrager, Richard, additional, Sidtis, J.J., additional, Simpson, N.R., additional, Smith, D., additional, Smith, Donald F., additional, Snow, B.J., additional, Snyder, Abraham Z., additional, Sossi, V., additional, Spelle, L., additional, Spence, Alexander, additional, Strother, S.C., additional, Stumpf, Martin J., additional, Suganami, Yusuke, additional, Svarer, Claus, additional, Swerdloff, S.J., additional, Syrota, A., additional, Taguchi, A., additional, Talarico, E., additional, Taylor, Chris, additional, Tellman, L., additional, Thiel, A., additional, Danguy, H. J. Tochon-, additional, Toga, Arthur W., additional, Toussaint, P.-J., additional, Townsend, D.W., additional, Toyama, Hinako, additional, Trébossen, R., additional, Tzourio, N., additional, Uchiyama, A., additional, Uemura, Kazuo, additional, Uno, H., additional, Vafaee, M., additional, Vingerhoets, F.J.G., additional, Vontobel, P., additional, Wagner, R., additional, Watabe, Hiroshi, additional, Watkins, G. Leonard, additional, Watson, J.D.G., additional, Wernick, Miles, additional, Wienhard, K., additional, Wilson, A.A., additional, Wilson, S., additional, Wollenweber, Scott D., additional, Wong, Dean F., additional, Woods, Roger P., additional, Worsley, K.J., additional, Yan, Yuchen, additional, Yanai, K., additional, Yang, J., additional, Yap, Jeffrey T., additional, Yu, D.C., additional, Zeien, Gene, additional, Zhou, Y., additional, and Zubieta, Jon Kar, additional

Published
1996
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3. MicroPET evidence for a hypersensitive neuroinflammatory profile of gp120 mouse model of HIV.

Author

Young JW, Barback CV, Stolz LA, Groman SM, Vera DR, Hoh C, Kotta KK, Minassian A, Powell SB, and Brody AL

Subjects
Animals, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain metabolism, Humans, Inflammation diagnostic imaging, Inflammation metabolism, Mice, Positron-Emission Tomography methods, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections diagnostic imaging, HIV Infections metabolism, Receptors, GABA metabolism
Abstract

Despite increased survivability for people living with HIV (PLWH), HIV-related cognitive deficits persist. Determining biological mechanism(s) underlying abnormalities is critical to minimize the long-term impact of HIV. Positron emission tomography (PET) studies reveal that PLWH exhibit elevated neuroinflammation, potentially contributing to these problems. PLWH are hypersensitive to environmental insults that drive elevated inflammatory profiles. Gp120 is an envelope glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope which enables HIV entry into a cell contributing to HIV-related neurotoxicity. In vivo evidence for mice overexpressing gp120 (transgenic) mice exhibiting neuroinflammation remains unclear. Here, we conducted microPET imaging in gp120 transgenic and wildtype mice, using the radiotracer [(18)F]FEPPA (binds to the translocator protein expressed by activated microglial serving as a neuroinflammatory marker). Imaging was performed at baseline and 24 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg) treatment (endotoxin that triggers an immune response). Gp120 transgenic mice exhibited elevated [(18F)]FEPPA in response to LPS vs. wildtype mice throughout the brain including dorsal and ventral striata, hypothalamus, and hippocampus. Gp120 transgenic mice are hypersensitive to environmental inflammatory insults, consistent with PLWH, measurable in vivo. It remains to-be-determined whether this heightened sensitivity is connected to the behavioral abnormalities of these mice or sensitive to any treatments., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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4. [(99m)Tc]MAG(3)-mannosyl-dextran: a receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical for sentinel node detection.

Author

Vera DR, Wallace AM, and Hoh CK

Subjects
Animals, Dextrans, Isotope Labeling, Mannose, Rabbits, Radionuclide Imaging, Lymph Nodes diagnostic imaging, Radiopharmaceuticals, Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide
Abstract

Technetium-99m-labeled benzoyl-mercaptoacetylglycylglycyl-glycine-mannosyl-dextran ([(99m)Tc]MAG(3)-mannosyl-dextran) is a receptor-binding radiotracer that binds to mannose-binding protein, a receptor expressed by recticuloendothelial tissue. This agent is composed of a 10.5-kilodalton molecule of dextran and multiple units of mannose, and benzoyl-mercaptoacetylglycylglycyl-glycine (BzMAG(3)). The tetraflorophenol-activated ester of BzMAG(3) and the imidate of thiomannose were used to covalently attach BzMAG(3) and mannose to an amino-terminated conjugate of dextran. This yielded a 19-kilodalton macromolecule consisting of 3 BzMAG(3) and 21 mannose units per dextran. Dynamic light scattering was used to measure a mean diameter of 5.5 nanometers for BzMAG(3)-mannosyl-dextran and 0.28 microns for filtered Tc-99m sulfur colloid. A preliminary sentinel node detection study employing right fore and hind footpad injections of [(99m)Tc]MAG(3)-mannosyl-dextran and left fore and hind footpad injections of filtered Tc-99m sulfur colloid demonstrated greater sentinel lymph node uptake by the receptor-binding agent.

Published
2001
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5. Effects of 'crack' cocaine on pulmonary alveolar permeability.

Author

Tashkin DP, Kleerup EC, Hoh CK, Kim KJ, Webber MM, and Gil E

Subjects
Adult, Case-Control Studies, Cross-Over Studies, Female, Humans, Lung physiopathology, Male, Marijuana Smoking physiopathology, Pulmonary Alveoli physiopathology, Radionuclide Imaging, Radiopharmaceuticals, Single-Blind Method, Smoking physiopathology, Substance-Related Disorders diagnostic imaging, Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate, Blood-Air Barrier drug effects, Crack Cocaine pharmacology, Lung diagnostic imaging, Pulmonary Alveoli drug effects, Substance-Related Disorders physiopathology
Abstract

Background: Lung clearance of 99mTc-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) is a sensitive test of altered alveolar epithelial permeability that has been found to be increased in smokers of tobacco, as well as a small number of healthy smokers of crack cocaine, suggesting the possibility of subclinical crack-related lung injury., Study Objective: To evaluate further whether habitual smoking of cocaine alone alters alveolar permeability, whether crack smoking adds to or potentiates the effects of tobacco and/or marijuana, and whether experimental cocaine smoking acutely alters DTPA lung clearance., Design: Observational cohort study (habitual cocaine smoking) and single-blind crossover study (experimental cocaine administration)., Subjects: Fourteen habitual smokers of cocaine alone (CS), 19 smokers of cocaine and tobacco (CTS), 3 smokers of cocaine and marijuana, 12 smokers of cocaine, tobacco, and marijuana (CMTS), and 5 smokers of marijuana plus tobacco (MTS). Results obtained in the crack-smoking subjects were compared with data previously obtained in 10 nonsmokers (NS), 9 smokers of tobacco alone (TS), 10 smokers of marijuana alone (MS), and 4 additional MTS., Methods: Subjects underwent measurements of DTPA radioaerosol lung clearance after refraining from marijuana and/or cocaine for > 12 h and from tobacco for >2 h. Ten of the 48 crack users were tested on two days 1 to 2 weeks apart within 2 h of experimental smoking of three physiologically active or inactive doses (total 98.8+/-15.5 or 8.5+/-2.5 mg, respectively) of cocaine base. Lung clearance half-times (T1/2) were computed from time-activity curves for each lung., Results: T1/2 values for each lung in CS and MS were comparable to those of NS, while TS, MTS, CTS, and CMTS had significantly shorter clearance rates than NS (p<0.01; three-way analysis of variance). No additive or interactive effects on T1/2 were noted among tobacco, cocaine, and/or marijuana. No acute effect of experimental cocaine smoking on T1/2 was noted., Conclusion: Whereas regular smoking of tobacco alone or with other substances increases alveolar epithelial permeability, habitual smoking of cocaine and/or marijuana has no measurable effect on alveolar permeability in the absence of tobacco nor any additive effect to that of tobacco alone.

Published
1997
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6. PET FDG studies in oncology.

Author

Hawkins RA and Hoh CK

Subjects
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Humans, Deoxyglucose analogs & derivatives, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Radiopharmaceuticals, Tomography, Emission-Computed methods
Abstract

Positron emission tomography (PET) studies of cancer with the glucose analog 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) have emerged as both a useful research and clinical method for detecting (diagnosing), staging, and monitoring treatment responses in a variety of neoplasms, including tumors of the brain, head and neck, lung, breast, gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems, lymphatic system, musculoskeletal system, and other organ systems. In addition to FDG, many other positron emitting radiopharmaceuticals are under investigation and development in oncology, but the largest set of clinically relevant results to date has been acquired with FDG. Because most aggressive neoplasms have high glycolytic rates, neoplasms throughout the body may potentially be visualized with PET, using both standard transaxial imaging methods and techniques such as whole body PET imaging for surveying the entire body.

Published
1994
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7. Quantification and parametric imaging of renal cortical blood flow in vivo based on Patlak graphical analysis.

Author

Nitzsche EU, Choi Y, Killion D, Hoh CK, Hawkins RA, Rosenthal JT, Buxton DB, Huang SC, Phelps ME, and Schelbert HR

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nitrogen Radioisotopes, Oxygen Radioisotopes, Reproducibility of Results, Swine, Water, Kidney Cortex blood supply, Kidney Cortex diagnostic imaging, Models, Cardiovascular, Renal Circulation, Tomography, Emission-Computed
Abstract

Patlak graphical analysis was applied to quantify renal cortical blood flow with N-13 ammonia and dynamic positron emission tomography. Measurements were made in a swine model of kidney transplantation with a wide range of normal and abnormal renal blood flows (N = 57 studies) and in 20 healthy human volunteers (N = 45 studies). Estimates of renal cortical blood flow by the Patlak method were compared to those from a two-compartment model for N-13 ammonia. In addition, estimates of renal cortical blood flow by the N-13 ammonia PET approach were compared in 10 normal human volunteers to estimates by the metabolically inert, freely diffusible O-15 water and a one-compartment model. Patlak graphical analysis estimates of renal cortical blood flow correlated linearly with the standard two-compartment model in pigs (y = -0.05 + 1.01x, r = 0.99) and in humans (y = 0.57 + 0.88x, r = 0.93). Estimates of renal cortical blood flow by O-15 water in human volunteers were also linearly correlated with those by N-13 ammonia and the Patlak graphical analysis (y = 0.71 + 0.84x, r = 0.86). Renal cortical blood flow estimates were highly reproducible both with N-13 ammonia and O-15 water measurements in humans. It is concluded that the Patlak graphical analysis with N-13 ammonia dynamic positron emission tomograpic imaging renders accurate and reproducible estimates of renal cortical blood flow. Moreover, the graphical analysis approach is 1,000 times faster than the standard model fitting approach and suitable for generating parametric images of renal blood flow in the clinical setting.

Published
1993
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