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Fast homogenization without incipient melting is the key to designing solution heat treatment (SHT) process for single crystal superalloys. In this paper, a multicomponent phase-field model coupled with solidus temperature is developed for dynamically tracking incipient melting temperature, TIM, of alloy during SHT. The simulation process runs completely automatically only by inputting the composition information of as-cast specimen. Based on the obtained TIM-time profile, the holding temperature and the time of SHT are determined. Applying this approach to Co–30Ni–11Al–4W–1Ta–4Ti–5Cr single crystal specimen, a gradual increased TIM from 1247 °C to 1293 °C within 72,000 s is obtained, and thus a stepwise SHT process with a short time of less than 20 h is designed. The experimental verification shows that after SHT, the segregation coefficient of the slowest diffusing element W decreased from more than 2 to 1.065, the content of harmful secondary phase has decreased to below 0.1%, and no incipient melting occurs.

Within the Basis Light-Front Quantization framework, we systematically investigate the subleading twist (twist-3) transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) of the proton beyond the Wandzura-Wilczek (WW) approximation. The subleading twist TMDs are not independent and can be decomposed into twist-2 and genuine twist-3 terms from the equations of motion. The latter involves quark-quark-gluon correlations and contains interferences between two light-front Fock sectors, |qqq〉 and |qqqg〉, which are usually neglected in the WW approximation. This work provides new nonperturbative input for future experiments at the EicC and EIC on high-twist effects, especially interference effects among multiple partons.

Gluon transverse-momentum dependent distributions (TMDs) are very important for revealing the internal structure of the proton. They correspond to a variety of experiments and are among the major tasks of the future electron-ion colliders. In this paper, we calculate the T-even gluon TMDs at the leading twist within the Basis Light-front Quantization framework. We employ the light-front wave functions of the proton obtained from a light-front quantized Hamiltonian with Quantum Chromodynamics input determined for its valence Fock-sector with three constituent quarks and an additional Fock-sector, encompassing three quarks and a dynamical gluon, with a three-dimensional confinement. After obtaining the numerical results we investigate the properties of gluon TMDs by checking whether they satisfy the Mulders-Rodrigues inequalities and investigate the correlations between transverse and longitudinal degrees of freedom. With their connection to unintegrated gluon distributions in mind, we further investigate the limiting behaviors of gluon TMDs in the small-x and large-x regions.

Benzene is a broadly used industrial chemicals which causes various hematologic abnormalities in human. Altered DNA methylation has been proposed as epigenetic biomarkers in health risk evaluation of benzene exposure, yet the role of methylation at specific CpG sites in predicting hematological effects remains unclear. In this study, we recruited 120 low-level benzene-exposed and 101 control male workers from a petrochemical factory in Maoming City, Guangdong Province, China. Urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) in benzene-exposed workers was 3.40-fold higher than that in control workers (P

The flowability and spreadability of powders are the important factors for additive manufacturing as these two factors directly impact the powder bed packing density, which further affect the quality and mechanical properties of the built components. The flowability and spreadability of powders are dramatically influenced by particle surface roughness as well as the surface energy. The present research attempt to demonstrate the effect of the particle surface roughness on the flowability and spreadability of Haynes 230 powder. The virgin atomized Haynes 230 powder and the atomized powder after ball milling treatment were employed in the present research. The results show that after ball milling, the surface roughness root mean square (rms) of the initial powder increased from 14.87 nm to 42.54 nm and the surface energy of powder increased from 41.19 mJ/m2 to 77.21 mJ/m2, the rest angle of powder increased 30% and the static cohesion index increased from 0.63 to 2.00. According to the calculated Bog coefficient of the two powders (from 2.85 to 15.56), the increase of particle surface roughness leading to the increase of contact force and non-contact force among particles, which were caused by the increased cohesion, leading to the decrease of powder flowability and spreadability as well as the powder bed packing density.

In this paper, the evolution of the γ′ and η phases of new Ni–Co-based superalloy with different Nb contents was investigated using a combination of thermodynamic calculations and high-throughput selective laser melting (SLM). Thermodynamic calculations show that the increase of Nb content lowered the solubility temperature of the γ′ phase and caused the precipitation of the η phase. The alloys with the Nb gradient content prepared by SLM during aging at 800 °C for 100h indicated that the maximum volume fraction and size of the γ′ phase reach the maximum at 3.0–3.5% Nb. The elongated η phases enrichment in Ni, Ti, and Nb atoms precipitate for the Nb content higher than 2.2% Nb and prefer to grow longitudinally at the expense of the γ′ precipitates. Combining the influence of the Al/(Nb + Ta + Ti) ratio on the η precipitates, the addition of Nb content in the Ni–Co-based superalloys is less than 2.2%, which increases the high-temperature yield strength and tensile strength.

Recent population and animal studies have revealed a correlation between fat content and the severity of benzene-induced hematologic toxicity. However, the precise impact of lipid deposition on benzene-induced hematotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a mouse model with moderate lipid accumulation by subjecting the mice to an 8-week high-fat diet (45% kcal from fat, HFD), followed by 28-day inhalation of benzene at doses of 0, 1, 10, and 100 ppm. The results showed that benzene exposure caused a dose-dependent reduction of peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts in both diet groups. Notably, this reduction was less pronounced in the HFD-fed mice, suggesting that moderate lipid accumulation mitigates benzene-related hematotoxicity. To investigate the molecular basis for this effect, we performed bioinformatics analysis of high-throughput transcriptome sequencing data, which revealed that moderate lipid deposition alters mouse metabolism and stress tolerance towards xenobiotics. Consistently, the expression of key metabolic enzymes, such as Cyp2e1 and Gsta1, were upregulated in the HFD-fed mice upon benzene exposure. Furthermore, we utilized a real-time exhaled breath detection technique to monitor exhaled benzene metabolites, and the results indicated that moderate lipid deposition enhanced metabolic activation and increased the elimination of benzene metabolites. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that moderate lipid deposition confers reduced susceptibility to benzene-induced hematotoxicity in mice, at least in part, by accelerating benzene metabolism and clearance.