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Background: Genetic predisposition is involved in only 10% of patients with breast cancer. This study was to evaluate the impact of prophylactic surgery., Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 61 patients who received prophylactic breast surgery. Data collection was carried out through the computer file of the ICO. The inclusion criteria were: patients who benefited from a bilateral prophylactic mastectomy. There were no exclusion criteria. Patients received a satisfaction questionnaire to complete., Results: Our study included 61 patients, 67% had a history of breast cancer. Bilateral prophylactic surgery was performed in 40 patients. It was made an average of two interventions, 44.3% of them presented postoperative complications, 18% recovery. Forty-three patients were satisfied with the medical information before surgery. The end result matched the expectations of 54.4% and 67.4% of patients would be ready to start. It was found pain associated with breast surgery in 56.5% of patients and almost half reported a change in their sexual life., Discussion and Conclusion: Prophylactic mastectomy is the most effective technique to prevent the risk of breast cancer. The consequences of such an action are important. It is necessary to better select patients who would benefit most from this type of surgery., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background/aims: Little is known about genetic alterations in large or small liver cell dysplasia. The aim of this study was to determine whether these lesions present numerical chromosome aberrations., Methods: Eight patients with hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis, five with large liver cell dysplasia and three with small liver cell dysplasia, were analysed by in situ hybridization with different centromeric nucleic acid probes specific respectively for chromosomes 1, 7, 17 and 18. In each case results were compared between dysplastic, tumoral and non-dysplastic cirrhotic cells. Four normal livers were also studied with the same method and served as cytogenetic controls., Results: All cases of large liver cell dysplasia dysplayed a polysomic population for each investigated chromosome. A high variability of numerical chromosome aberrations was observed with a copy number of chromosomes which ranged from two to more than six. By contrast, only one case of small liver cell dysplasia showed chromosomal anomalies. Numerical aberrations of at least one chromosome were observed in six of the eight hepatocellular carcinoma while the non-dysplastic cirrhosis and normal liver always showed a diploid pattern., Conclusions: These results demonstrate that cellular modifications in large liver cell dysplasia coexist with an early acquisition of genomic alterations, supporting the view that these phenotypic changes are preneoplastic.

Cytogenetic analysis of a new human hepatoma cell line BC2 was performed with conventional cytogenetic techniques and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Numerical and structural abnormalities were observed by conventional cytogenetics for chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17 and 20. Chromosome painting allowed to specify the translocation of chromosome 1, and to characterize 3 markers from chromosome 8 and one marker from 9, which were unrecognizable by conventional techniques. Comparison of chromosome 1 abnormalities with those reported in the literature for other human hepatoma cell lines showed that structural abnormalities of chromosome 1 were present in different regions of this chromosome. A review of the literature was done, and the results discussed, suggesting that alterations of chromosome 1 may be important in hepatocarcinogenesis.

A new case of familial Yqs is reported. The discovery has been made at the time of karyotyping of a patient with an oligoasthenoteratospermia. A possible correlation between supernumerary NORs of the Yqs chromosome and meiotic disturbances is discussed, and a review of the literature is performed.