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Increasing evidence indicates that a key factor in neurodegenerative diseases is the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) caused by an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress). Particularly, in Huntington's disease (HD) mutant huntingtin (mHtt) toxicity involves disruption of the ER-associated degradation pathway and loss of the ER protein homeostasis leading to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Besides the role of the UPR in regulating cell survival and death, studies that demonstrate the contribution of sustained UPR activation, particularly of PERK signaling, in memory disturbances and synaptic plasticity deficiencies are emerging. Given the contribution of hippocampal dysfunction to emotional and cognitive deficits seen in HD, we have analyzed the involvement of ER stress in HD memory alterations. We have demonstrated that at early disease stages, ER stress activation manifested as an increase in GRP78 and CHOP is observed in the hippocampus of R6/1 mice. Genetic reduction of GRP78 expression resulted in preventing hippocampal-dependent memory alterations but no motor deficits. Accordingly, hippocampal neuropathology namely, dendritic spine loss and accumulation of mHtt aggregates was ameliorated by GRP78 reduction. To elucidate the signaling pathways, we found that the inactivation of PERK by GSK2606414 restored spatial and recognition memories in R6/1 mice and rescued dendritic spine density in CA1 pyramidal neurons and protein levels of some specific immediate early genes. Our study unveils the critical role of the GRP78/PERK axis in memory impairment in HD mice and suggests the modulation of PERK activation as a novel therapeutic target for HD intervention.

The data we present below are linked to our research paper “Integrated process for sequential extraction of saponins, xylan and cellulose from quinoa stalks (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)” (Gil-Ramírez et al., 2018) [1]. The objective is to provide supplementary information in order to facilitate the comprehension of the central composite experimental design (rotatable 22) used in the integrated process of extractions. Two factors, temperature and time of extraction are considered in the design. The responses are the yield of saponin, xylan and cellulose. First, the desirable linear regression obtained by the observed vs. predicted yields plot for each variable response confirm the validation of the model (Fig. 1). Second, the data presented here through Standardized Pareto Charts (Fig. 2), provides information about the effect of the time and temperature, as well as their interactions, in the yield of saponins, xylan and cellulose obtained in an integrated sequential extraction.

Advancing research to understand the impact of lifetime physical activity patterns on health is essential. While some progress on the topic has been made, further research is nevertheless warranted. Openly accessible operational resources for processing and analysing longitudinal physical activity data would help advance the field. The Lifetime Total Physical Activity Questionnaire (LTPAQ) provides an in-depth and detailed record of occupational/volunteer, household and recreational physical activities conducted across the lifespan. Despite the authors describing a specific code for physical activity data processing, its lack of comprehensiveness hinders its implementation by researchers or health professionals with limited programming or software expertise. For this purpose, we aimed to develop an open-source MATLAB code to simplify data handling and enhance comparability between studies using the LTPAQ. The source code of the LTPAQ analysis is accessible on our Git repository (https://github.com/coralsanchezmartin/LTPAQ_MATLAB_code). This code automates data handling, ensuring efficiency and facilitating adaptability. Moreover, it interacts seamlessly with Microsoft Excel sheets, providing a user-friendly interface for data input, storage, and organisation. This approach, combined with ongoing efforts to refine the code, seeks to overcome LTPAQ's scoring complexities, and promote a standardised methodology. By facilitating the processing of physical activity data from this questionnaire, our tool is expected to encourage its application in epidemiological studies and foster new insights into the impact of lifestyle from a life course perspective, ultimately playing a crucial role in shaping public health policies and enhancing clinical practice.

Marine pollution poses significant threats to ecosystems by contaminating habitats and degrading marine life. This involves the need to develop efficient methodologies to evaluate the compounds that affect marine organisms, such as steroid hormones. The study of the presence of these compounds in marine organisms like sea urchins is very interesting given their role as bioindicators because they feed on algae and are constantly in contact with sediments. Given the low concentrations of steroid hormones in marine environments, it is necessary to develop extraction procedures that allow these pollutants to be extracted and preconcentrated before chemical analyses. Of all the extraction methods, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) has been used for its many advantages compared to traditional extraction techniques, such as easy sample handling or scarce organic solvents use, and for providing very selective extractions. This study presents the novel MAE optimisation for the extraction of 15 hormones, including five oestrogens, three androgens, four progestogens and three glucocorticoids from sea urchin tissues. The extracted hormones were subsequently determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this approach has not been previously developed. To perform extraction optimisation, different variables were studied following factorial experimental designs. The optimised extraction method showed very appropriate analytical parameters, with limits of detection between 0.21 and 20.4 ng·g-1 for the four families of studied steroid hormones, and recovery extractions over 60 % for most target compounds. After optimisation, the analytical methodology was applied to samples of three different sea urchins species (Arbacia lixula, Paracentrotus lividus, Sphaerechinus granularis) caught in different locations around the Gran Canaria island (Canary Islands, Spain). The results showed the great applicability of the optimised methodology and two target hormones, boldenone and prednisolone, which were quantified in different samples and locations. This indicates the potential of sea urchins as bioindicators of the health of marine ecosystems and of anthropogenic contamination.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the associations of accelerometer-derived steps volume and intensity with hospitalizations and all-cause mortality in older adults. Methods: This prospective cohort study involved 768 community-dwelling Spanish older adults (78.8 ± 4.9 years, mean ± SD; 53.9% females) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging (2012–2017). The number of steps per day and step cadence (steps/min) were derived from a hip-mounted accelerometer worn for at least 4 days at baseline. Participants were followed-up over a mean period of 3.1 years for hospitalization and 5.7 years for all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the individual and joint associations between daily steps and stepping intensity with hospitalizations and all-cause mortality. Results: Included participants walked 5835 ± 3445 steps/day with an intensity of 7.3 ± 4.1 steps/min. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), education, income, marital status and comorbidities, higher step count (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.95, 95% confidence interval (95%CI: 0.90–1.00, and HR = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.81–0.95 per additional 1000 steps) and higher step intensity (HR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.91–0.99, and HR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.84–0.95 per each additional step/min) were associated with fewer hospitalizations and all-cause mortality risk, respectively. Compared to the group having low step volume and intensity, individuals in the group having high step volume and intensity had a lower risk of hospitalization (HR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.52–0.98) and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.37–0.98). Conclusion: Among older adults, both high step volume and step intensity were significantly associated with lower hospitalization and all-cause mortality risk. Increasing step volume and intensity may benefit older people.

Huntington's Disease (HD) is a devastating disorder characterized by a triad of motor, psychiatric and cognitive manifestations. Psychiatric and emotional symptoms appear at early stages of the disease which are consistently described by patients and caregivers among the most disabling. Here, we show for the first time that Foxp2 is strongly associated with some psychiatric-like disturbances in the R6/1 mouse model of HD. First, 4-week-old (juvenile) R6/1 mice behavioral phenotype was characterized by an increased impulsive-like behavior and less aggressive-like behavior. In this line, we identified an early striatal downregulation of Foxp2 protein starting as soon as at postnatal day 15 that could explain such deficiencies. Interestingly, the rescue of striatal Foxp2 levels from postnatal stages completely reverted the impulsivity-phenotype and partially the social impairments concomitant with a rescue of dendritic spine pathology. A mass spectrometry study indicated that the rescue of spine loss was associated with an improvement of several altered proteins related with cytoskeleton dynamics. Finally, we reproduced and mimicked the impulsivity and social deficits in wild type mice by reducing their striatal Foxp2 expression from postnatal stages. Overall, these results imply that early postnatal reduction of Foxp2 might contribute to the appearance of some of the early psychiatric symptoms in HD.

Resumen: Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 51 años con antecedentes de disnea progresiva, palpitaciones y dolor torácico de 4 meses de evolución que fue ingresada por disnea de reposo y tos. El dímero D se encontraba elevado y la tomografía computarizada demostró defecto de repleción del tronco pulmonar y de la rama derecha de la arteria pulmonar. El ventrículo derecho se encontraba dilatado, con función sistólica severamente deprimida y presión pulmonar sistólica estimada superior a 100 mmHg. El cuadro fue interpretado como un episodio de embolismo agudo sobre una enfermedad crónica tromboembólica. A pesar del tratamiento fibrinolítico y anticoagulante, la situación clínica sufrió un rápido deterioro. El intento de trombectomía percutánea y angioplastia resultaron fallidos y la paciente presentó disociación electromecánica que precisó soporte con oxigenación extracorpórea de membrana.Se realizó tromboendarterectomía pulmonar de urgencia bajo circulación extracorpórea. El estudio histopatológico confirmó el diagnóstico de sarcoma intimal de la arteria pulmonar. Se comentan algunos aspectos relacionados con la clínica, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de este tumor. Abstract: The case is presented of a 51 year-old female who was admitted due to a four months history of worsening dyspnoea and cough. She also reported intermittent palpitations and chest pain. Her past medical history was insignificant for any major co-morbidities. On admission, D-dimer levels were elevated and computed tomographic scan showed a filling defect in the pulmonary trunk extending into the right pulmonary artery. Cardiac ultrasound showed severely dilated right ventricle with severe diastolic dysfunction and an estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure of more than 100 mmHg. The patient was diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism on top of chronic pulmonary thromboembolic disease. Despite adequate anticoagulation and fibrinolytic therapy, the patient continued to deteriorate clinically. Urgent percutaneous thrombectomy was attempted, but was unsuccessful. The patient later developed an episode of cardiac arrest that required veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.The patient underwent urgent surgical thromboendarterectomy under cardiopulmonary bypass, and the patency of the main pulmonary branches was re-established. The histopathological examination of surgical samples confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary intimal sarcoma. Some aspects, including the clinical findings, diagnosis, and management of this rare tumour are discussed in this case report.

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir las actividades formativas en participación comunitaria en salud que se realizan en España. Método: Identificación y análisis descriptivo de las acciones formativas en el periodo 2017-2018 en los ámbitos de la universidad, la Administración pública y las unidades docentes de medicina y enfermería familiar y comunitaria Resultados: Se incluyeron 28 actividades formativas en el análisis descriptivo de ocho comunidades autónomas diferentes y dos de ámbito nacional. La mayoría de las actividades formativas son presenciales e impartidas por unidades docentes de formación especializada para profesionales de medicina y enfermería de atención familiar y comunitaria, con una duración de entre 10 y 25 horas, y sin coste de matriculación. Conclusión: Existe un vacío formativo en la mayoría de las comunidades autónomas que evidencia que la formación en participación comunitaria en salud es escasa y está poco integrada. Las actividades formativas analizadas están incluidas principalmente en la formación de especialistas de medicina y enfermería de familia y comunitaria, si bien esta formación no está unificada ni se incorpora en todos los planes docentes. Para una mirada integral sobre la salud de las personas es esencial incluir la participación comunitaria en salud en la formación de grado y posgrado, tanto del ámbito sanitario como de otras disciplinas. Las instituciones responsables de la formación en los diferentes niveles deben incluir la participación comunitaria en salud en los itinerarios formativos de los profesionales. Abstract: Objective: To describe the professional training health professionals receive in community health engagement in Spain. Method: The identification and descriptive analysis of trainings developed between 2013-2018 offered by public universities, public administrations and the teaching units for the specialization of family and community health doctors and nurses. Results: Twenty eight trainings were included in the descriptive analysis. Most of them had been organized during 2018 in eight Autonomous Communities. Two of them were organized at a national level. Most trainings were attendance based and have been developed by teaching units in charge of training doctors and nurses specializing in family and community health, with an average duration of 10-25 hours and no enrolment costs. Conclusion: There is a lack of training in community health engagement in the majority of autonomous communities in Spain which shows that it is scarce and not yet fully integrated in the training of health professionals. The trainings that have been analyzed are mainly part of wider specialization programs for doctors and nurses specializing in family and community health, and even so this training is not standardized and included in the specialization programs of all the Spanish regions. To develop a comprehensive health approach it is key to include community health engagement as part of the trainings professionals receive during their University degree, and to extend it to other health professions. The institutions responsible for the training of health professionals should include community health engagement as part of the different training itineraries of professionals.

Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar el consumo de sal, actitudes, comportamiento y conocimientos de los pacientes que acuden durante un mes al centro de salud y del personal sanitario basado en la ingesta de sal según categoría de los alimentos. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en una consulta de Atención Primaria mediante una encuesta multicomponente y autoadministrada con variables respecto a actitudes, comportamiento y conocimientos sobre el consumo de sal. Resultados: Muestra 330 pacientes y 48 profesionales sanitarios. Análisis estadístico: Programa SPSS versión 27. Descripción uni y bivariada. Contrastes bivariados entre variables cualitativas X2 de Pearson y U Mann-Whitney para las cuantitativas. Nivel de significación p< 0,05.El consumo de alimentos con alto y bajo contenido en sal es elevado en los dos colectivos, siendo mayor entre el personal sanitario (valor p = 0,000). Comportamientos y actitudes (valor p >0,05). Conocimientos: cantidad de sal recomendada (valor p= 0,001) y procedencia de la principal fuente de sal (valor p= 0,000). Conclusión: El consumo de sal es alto tanto en sanitarios como en pacientes con una autopercepción baja de su consumo. No hay diferencias en actitudes ni comportamiento entre los dos grupos, pero sí en cuanto a conocimientos. Más del 70% de pacientes desconoce la ingesta diaria máxima de sal recomendada y solo un 25% sabe que la principal fuente de consumo de sal está en los alimentos procesados.Estos resultados apoyan el importante papel del profesional sanitario en cuanto a la educación de los pacientes sobre el consumo de sal para la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Abstract: Aim: To identify the salt consumption, attitudes, behavior and knowledge of patients attending a health center and health care staff during a month, based on salt intake according to food category. Material and methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out in a primary care clinic by means of a multicomponent, self-administered survey with several variables regarding attitudes, behavior and knowledge about salt consumption. Results: Sample of 330 patients and 48 health professionals.Statistical analysis: SPSS program version 27. Univariate and bivariate description. Bivariate contrasts between qualitative variables Pearson's Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U for quantitative variables. Significance level p< 0.05.The consumption of foods with high and low salt content is high in both groups, being higher among health personnel (p-value = 0.000). Behavior and attitudes (p-value >0.05). Knowledge: recommended amount of salt (p-value = 0.001) and origin of the main source of salt (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion: Salt consumption is high in both health professionals and patients with a low self-perception of salt consumption. There are no differences in attitudes or behavior between the two groups, but there are differences in knowledge. More than 70% of patients do not know the maximum recommended daily salt intake and only 25% know that the main source of salt consumption is in processed foods.These results support the important role of the health professional in educating patients about salt intake for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Common peroneal nerve injury is present in 40% of knee dislocations, and foot drop is the principal complication. Posterior tibial tendon transfer is a viable solution to replace the function of the anterior tibial tendon (ATT) in the mid-foot. Several techniques for posterior tibial tendon transfer exist today, with variable results reported. However, adding augmentation with side-to-side tenorrhaphy of ATT to the transferred posterior tibial tendon (PTT) enhances anterior tissue balance and load sharing stress between native ATT enthesis and PTT tenodesis, allowing early rehabilitation and improving functional outcomes. Side-to-side tenorrhaphy is performed after PTT tenodesis in the lateral cuneiform to improve reliability in foot drop. This technique allows shorter immobilization time (from 6 to 2 weeks), earlier rehabilitation, sooner weight-bearing, and decreased risk of arthrofibrosis, scar formation, and muscle atrophy.

A chemical detection platform composed of 8 chemo-resistive gas sensors was exposed to turbulent gas mixtures generated naturally in a wind tunnel. The acquired time series of the sensors are provided. The experimental setup was designed to test gas sensors in realistic environments. Traditionally, chemical detection systems based on chemo-resistive sensors include a gas chamber to control the sample air flow and minimize turbulence. Instead, we utilized a wind tunnel with two independent gas sources that generate two gas plumes. The plumes get naturally mixed along a turbulent flow and reproduce the gas concentration fluctuations observed in natural environments. Hence, the gas sensors can capture the spatio-temporal information contained in the gas plumes. The sensor array was exposed to binary mixtures of ethylene with either methane or carbon monoxide. Volatiles were released at four different rates to induce different concentration levels in the vicinity of the sensor array. Each configuration was repeated 6 times, for a total of 180 measurements. The data is related to “Chemical Discrimination in Turbulent Gas Mixtures with MOX Sensors Validated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry”, by Fonollosa et al. [1]. The dataset can be accessed publicly at the UCI repository upon citation of [1]: http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Gas+senso+rarray+exposed+to+turbulent+gas+mixtures.

The dataset includes the acquired time series of a chemical detection platform exposed to different gas conditions in a turbulent wind tunnel. The chemo-sensory elements were sampling directly the environment. In contrast to traditional approaches that include measurement chambers, open sampling systems are sensitive to dispersion mechanisms of gaseous chemical analytes, namely diffusion, turbulence, and advection, making the identification and monitoring of chemical substances more challenging. The sensing platform included 72 metal-oxide gas sensors that were positioned at 6 different locations of the wind tunnel. At each location, 10 distinct chemical gases were released in the wind tunnel, the sensors were evaluated at 5 different operating temperatures, and 3 different wind speeds were generated in the wind tunnel to induce different levels of turbulence. Moreover, each configuration was repeated 20 times, yielding a dataset of 18,000 measurements. The dataset was collected over a period of 16 months. The data is related to “On the performance of gas sensor arrays in open sampling systems using Inhibitory Support Vector Machines”, by Vergara et al.[1]. The dataset can be accessed publicly at the UCI repository upon citation of [1]: http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Gas+sensor+arrays+in+open+sampling+settings

To address drift in chemical sensing, an extensive dataset was collected over a period of three years. An array of 16 metal-oxide gas sensors was exposed to six different volatile organic compounds at different concentration levels under tightly-controlled operating conditions. Moreover, the generated dataset is suitable to tackle a variety of challenges in chemical sensing such as sensor drift, sensor failure or system calibration. The data is related to “Chemical gas sensor drift compensation using classifier ensembles”, by Vergara et al. [1], and “On the calibration of sensor arrays for pattern recognition using the minimal number of experiments”, by Rodriguez-Lujan et al. [2] The dataset can be accessed publicly at the UCI repository upon citation of: http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Gas+Sensor+Array+Drift+Dataset+at+Different+Concentrations