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CO 2 saline aquifer storage represents a promising strategy for mitigating the environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the long-term effects of CO 2 dissolved in formation water on rock minerals remain insufficiently understood. This study utilizes cast thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry techniques to perform a comprehensive microscopic investigation on this issue. Experimental results from sandstone core samples drilled from the Ordos pilot field reveal that feldspar minerals predominantly undergo geochemical dissolution, while quartz and clay minerals primarily exhibit physical alterations. Feldspar minerals, including albite, potassium feldspar, and anorthite, exhibit significant geochemical dissolution, characterized by cleavage plane dissolution, swelling, selective dissolution, and in-situ accumulation of dissolution products. This process leads to the formation of secondary minerals such as quartz, kaolinite, and illite, along with various microscopic structures like vugs, pits, and filamentous remnants. Alterations in quartz include the formation of stress-induced microfractures, the attachment of mineral clasts, the precipitation of geochemical reaction products, and pore blockage. In clay minerals, the formation, closure, interconnection, and reconfiguration of microfractures are evident characteristics, particularly at the nanoscale. The products of CO 2 -H 2 O-rock interactions typically comprise a complex mixture of physical and chemical products, marked by intricate elemental compositions and diverse structural forms, including blocky, granular, powdery, filamentous, and floc-like structures. This work reveals the distinctive chemical dissolution mechanisms of sandstone with complex mineral compositions, clarifies the CO 2 -induced physical alteration behavior of multiple minerals and identifies the multi-scale migration mechanisms of products generated by CO 2 -H 2 O-rock interactions. Moreover, these interactions have a dual impact: they enhance the porosity and permeability, while also potentially compromising the structural integrity of the rock and formation. This research provides a foundation for assessing the impact of CO 2 storage on fluid flow and evaluating environmental safety concerns, such as CO 2 leakage and geological subsidence., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Gut microbiota is important for host metabolism regulation. Antibiotic exposure disturbs this regulation by affecting the microbiome. Trace levels of antibiotics in water have been widely reported and the impact on gut microbiota remains understudied. We provide evidence of trace antibiotic exposure affecting the host's gut microbiota using a mouse model exposed to trace amounts of azithromycin (AZI) or ciprofloxacin (CIP) in drinking water. AZI exposure in males changed the distribution of gram-positive (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) and gram-negative (Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia) bacteria at an early age. Both AZI and CIP resulted in abnormal microbiota maturation. Additionally, the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, butyrate, and propionate, in females is affected. Serum hormone and metabolome levels shifted after trace antibiotic exposure. AZI and CIP exposure broadly disrupted original host-microbe interaction relationships between the gut microbiota and SCFAs or serum metabolites. In this study, we demonstrated that trace antibiotic exposure was associated with extensive gut microbiota and metabolism perturbation in mice and that the potential health risks in susceptible populations should be considered., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic environments can adversely impact ecosystems and human health even at low concentrations. This study assessed the risk of 162 CECs, including neonicotinoid pesticides, triazine pesticides, carbamate pesticides, psychoactive substances, organophosphate esters, antidepressants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and antibiotics in 10 drinking water sources and two tributaries (Jialing and Wujiang Rivers) of the Upper Yangtze River in Chongqing, China. Target screening detected 156 CECs at 0.01-2218.2 ng/L, while suspect screening via LC-QTOF-MS identified 64 CECs, with 13 pesticides, 29 pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and 2 industrial chemicals reported for the first time in the Yangtze River Basin. Risk quotient-based ecological risk assessment revealed that 48 CECs posed medium to high risks (RQ > 0.1) to aquatic life, with antibiotics (n = 20) as the main contributors. Non-carcinogenic risks were below negligible levels, but carcinogenic risks from neonicotinoids, triazines, antidepressants, and antibiotics were concerning. A multi-criteria prioritization approach integrating occurrence, physico-chemical properties, and toxicological data ranked 26 CECs as high priority. This study underscores the importance of comprehensive CEC screening in rivers and provides insights for future monitoring and management strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely used plasticizers that can easily migrate from plastic products, thereby presenting potential health risks through exposure. While PAE concentrations in dust have received increasing attention, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding their environmental distribution, composition profiles, and associated human exposure risks in Beijing. This study investigated the presence of seven PAEs in 124 dust samples collected from eight indoor and four outdoor microenvironment types across the Beijing metropolitan area. The PAEs were detected universally in all samples, with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP) as the predominant compounds, accounting for 91.78%-99.91% and 91.22%-99.76% of total PAE concentrations (Σ 7 PAEs) in indoor and outdoor dust, respectively. Indoor dust exhibited significantly higher Σ 7 PAEs (range: 45.33-1212.41 μg/g, mean: 130.61 μg/g) compared to outdoor dust (range: 2.10-5.41 μg/g, mean: 3.38 μg/g). Among indoor microenvironments, taxis had the highest Σ 7 PAEs (mean: 1250.59 μg/g), followed by private cars, print shops, residences, furniture shops, shopping malls, dormitories and offices. Outdoor Σ 7 PAEs levels decreased in the order of roads, residential areas, green belts, and parks. Estimated daily exposure doses through dust ingestion were significantly higher than those from dermal absorption and inhalation for five occupational groups (taxi drivers, print shop workers, road workers, office workers, jobless people), indicating dust ingestion as the primary exposure route, with DEHP and DBP as the main contributors. While current exposure levels may not present significant non-cancer risks based on hazard quotient and hazard index estimations, it's noteworthy that DEHP may pose a carcinogenic risk to taxi drivers. Potential risks cannot be overlooked considering the absence of toxicity thresholds, additional exposure pathways, and possible cocktail effects from coexisting pollutants., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Pursuing flexible, matchable and miniaturized power supply with high capacitance is necessary for portable electronics as long-term period of energy source in wearable system. Here, a hierarchical Se/chitosan derived nitrogen and oxygen dual-doped porous carbon/Ti 3 C 2 T x (Se-NOCT) fiber is proposed via microfluidic spinning method prior to co-heating process for the fiber cathode of cable-shaped lithium‑selenium (LiSe) battery. Due to the interconnected structure, consecutive conductive frameworks and good synergistic effect, the fabricated Se-NOCT fibrous electrode shows excellent ions diffusion kinetics, fast electron migration rate and strong polyselenide adsorption ability proving by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. As a result, an admired specific capacitance (866 mAh g -1 at 0.1 A g -1 ), favorable rate performance (256 mAh g -1 at 2 A g -1 ) and long-term cycling property (226 mAh g -1 after 500 cycling) can be achieved for the Se-NOCT electrode. More importantly, after assembling to the fibrous LiSe battery, the energy storage device not only presents stable operation at bending to 180 o , 97.3 % capacitance retention after 100 times bending and impressive launderability, but also weave into the garment and support various electronics. Thus, customized flexible electrode provides a bright future for the progress of fiber shaped LiSe battery in smart wearable system., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To explore the correlation between heart rate variability (HRV), peripheral cytokines, anxiety and pain scores in patients with breast cancer (BC)., Methods: We collected blood samples from 100 BC patients and measured the concentrations of Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 4 (IL-4) and Interferon gamma (IFN-γ). We collected the patients' 5-minute dynamic electrocardiograms and evaluated their anxiety and pain levels through the Anxiety Self-Rating Scale and the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) Scale., Results: Compared with patients in the high HRV group, the low HRV group had lower IL-4 levels and higher IFN-γ/IL-4 concentrations. At the same time, the level of anxiety was also higher, but there was no significant difference in pain. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the normal-to-normal cardiac intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal-to-normal cardiac intervals (RMSSD), high frequency -HRV (HF-HRV) and IL-4 were positively correlated, SDNN and RMSSD were negatively correlated with IFN-γ/IL-4. HRV is negatively correlated with anxiety. Higher SDNN predicts higher IL-4 levels., Conclusion: Our results indicate that BC patients with low HRV are associated with higher levels of inflammation and anxiety. Therefore, the measurement of HRV may serve as an objective and non-invasive measurement method for monitoring the immune system and anxiety problems of BC patients., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The single-use plastic packaging for traditional Chinese herbal decoction is prevalent for its convenience. However, concerns have been raised regarding the biosafety implications of dissolved plastic particles from such food contact materials and their potential impact on drug efficacy. To initially investigate the release characteristics of micro/nanoplastics (M/NPs) from Chinese herbal decoction packages under different usage scenarios, 100 mL of water was filled at temperatures ranging from 40 ℃ to 100 ℃ and stored at 4 ℃ for 1 to 14 days before reheating at 60 ℃ prior to consumption. Fluorescence microscopy and nano flow cytometry revealed that one package could release 0.15-1.21 million MPs (over 60 % of MPs < 2 µm) and 0.48-4.32 billion NPs (over 40 % of NPs < 100 nm). The quantity of MPs decreased while NPs increased with higher filling temperatures, peaking after one day and seven days respectively. Exposure modeling estimated a daily intake of 2115-17,300 MPs/kg·day and 6.90-61.68 million NPs/kg·day from consuming one dose of Chinese herbal decoction. Furthermore, exposure of RAW264.7 cells to these plastic particles resulted in elevated levels of ROS and IL-6, aligning with dissolved NPs concentration trends. These findings cause apprehensions when utilizing plastic food packages due to M/NPs releases and potential proinflammatory risks., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

To investigate the fine starch structure characteristics and formation mechanism of high-quality appearance soft rice, two high-quality and low-quality soft rice varieties (HA-SR and LA-SR, respectively) were selected. Differences in appearance quality, fine starch structure, and activity of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis during the grain-filling stage were compared. The results showed that compared with LA-SR, HA-SR were less chalky, more transparent, had larger starch grains, a lower content of shorter chains (DP 6-24), a higher content of longer chains (DP ≥ 25), lower relative crystallinity, fewer ordered structures, more amorphous structures and larger thicknesses of semi-crystalline lamellae. In terms of amylase activity during the grain-filling stage, the AGPase and GBSS activities of HA-SR were higher, and the SBE activity of HA-SR was lower compared to LA-SR. In conclusion, higher AGPase activity can produce a higher filling rate resulting in fuller starch grain in soft rice. Fuller starch grains reduce the chalkiness of soft rice. Higher AGPase and GBSS activities and lower SBE activity can result in soft rice with more long-branched and less short-branched amylopectin. Thus, soft rice has lower relative crystallinity and less ordered structure. These structures may facilitate reduce grain chalkiness and improve grain transparency., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Liquid biopsy, particularly circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), has drawn a lot of attention as a non- or minimal-invasive detection approach for clinical applications in patients with cancer. Many hematological malignancies are well suited for serial and repeated ctDNA surveillance due to relatively high ctDNA concentrations and high loads of tumor-specific genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Progress of detecting technology in recent years has improved sensitivity and specificity significantly, thus broadening and strengthening the potential utilities of ctDNA including early diagnosis, prognosis estimation, treatment response evaluation, minimal residual disease monitoring, targeted therapy selection, and immunotherapy surveillance. This manuscript reviews the detection methodologies, clinical application and future challenges of ctDNA in hematological malignancies, especially for lymphomas, myeloma and leukemias., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) is characterized by the abrupt onset of significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and/or severe food restriction, together with other neuropsychiatric manifestations. An autoimmune pathogenesis triggered by infection has been proposed for at least a subset of PANS. The older diagnosis of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS) describes rapid onset of OCD and/or tics associated with infection with Group A Streptococcus. The pathophysiology of PANS and PANDAS remains incompletely understood. We recently found serum antibodies from children with rigorously defined PANDAS to selectively bind to cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in the striatum. Here we examine this binding in children with relapsing and remitting PANS, a more heterogeneous condition, collected in a distinct clinical context from those examined in our previous work, from children with a clinical history of Streptococcus infection. IgG from PANS cases showed elevated binding to striatal CINs in both mouse and human brain. Patient plasma collected during symptom flare decreased a molecular marker of CIN activity, phospho-riboprotein S6, in ex vivo brain slices; control plasma did not. Neither elevated antibody binding to CINs nor diminished CIN activity was seen with plasma collected from the same children during remission. These findings replicate what we have seen previously in PANDAS and support the hypothesis that at least a subset of PANS cases have a neuroimmune pathogenesis. Given the critical role of CINs in modulating basal ganglia function, these findings confirm striatal CINs as a locus of interest in the pathophysiology of both PANS and PANDAS., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Dr. Pittenger has served as a consultant and received research funding in the past year for Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Transcend Therapeutics, Ceruvia Lifesciecnes, Freedom Biosciences, and Nobilis Therapeutics, and royalties from Oxford University Press, all for work unrelated to the current results. He is an inventor on a patent applications related to the use of neurofeedback and of psychedelic drugs for the treatment of OCD, also unrelated to this work. Dr. Che has received research funding from Duraviva Pharma for work unrealted to the current results. All other authors report no competing interests. The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The complex pathogenesis of kidney disease is closely related to the diversity of kidney intrinsic cells. In this study, single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology was used to sequence and analyze blood and kidney tissue cells in normal control rats and rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), focusing on key cell populations and functional enrichment to explore the pathogenesis of CKD. Oil red O staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect lipid droplets and free fatty acid (FFA). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot (WB) were used to verify the differential gene hydroxyacid oxidase 2 (HAO2) and fatty acid metabolic process in tissue to ensure the reliability of single-cell sequencing results. We successfully established a single-cell transcriptome atlas of blood and kidney tissue in rats with CKD, which were annotated into 14 cell subsets (MPCs, PT, Tc, DCT, B-IC, A-IC, CNT, ALOH, BC, Neu, Endo, Pla, NKT, Baso) according to marker gene, and the integrated single-cell atlas of rats showed a significant increase and decrease of MPCs and PTs in the CKD group, respectively. Functional analysis found extensive enrichment of metabolic-related pathways in PT cells, includes fatty acid metabolic process, cellular amino acid metabolic process and generation of precursor metabolites and energy. Immunohistochemical experiments determined that the differential gene HAO2 was localized in the renal tubules, and its expression was significantly reduced in CKD group compared with control, and oil red O staining showed that lipid droplets increased in the CKD group, after overexpression of HAO2 the lipid droplets was inhibited. ELISA assay showed that ATP content decreased in the CKD group and FFA increased in the CKD group. Moreover, the mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells in the OE-HAO2 group was significantly increased compared with OE-NC. The acyl-CoA oxidase 1(ACOX1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) were decreased in the CKD group, while genes and proteins were increased after overexpression of HAO2, and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylated proteins were increased, the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylated proteins were decreased, reversely. Therefore, HAO2 may be an important regulator of fatty acid metabolic processes in CKD, and overexpression of HAO2 can enhance fatty acid metabolism by promoting fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathway., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent chronic skin condition characterized by complex immune responses. Chamomile possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties and has been widely used in treating various skin diseases. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic benefits of chamomile volatile oil nanoemulsion gels (CVO-NEGs) for the treatment of AD. Chamomile volatile oil nanoemulsions (CVO-NEs) were prepared using the phase transition method, yielding spherical nanoparticles with a particle size of 19.07 nm. Subsequently, Bletilla striata polysaccharides were employed to encapsulate CVO-NEs, resulting in the formation of CVO-NEGs. In vivo studies demonstrated that the preparation of CVO-NEGs enhanced the biological activity of volatile oil in AD therapy. Histopathological results indicated that CVO-NEGs reduced skin damage, epidermal thickness, and mast cell infiltration. CVO-NEGs suppressed IgG production and reduced the levels of cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-4, and IFN-γ, in AD mice. Furthermore, flow cytometry revealed that CVO-NEGs were involved in regulating the differentiation of CD4 + T cell subsets. The immune imbalance of Th1/Th2 in AD mice can be controlled, resulting in a reduction in the hypersensitivity reaction caused by excessive Th2 activation. In conclusion, the present study confirms that CVO-NEGs have the potential to serve as an effective alternative treatment for AD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Evidence exists that maternal antenatal depression may have adverse impacts on perinatal outcomes. However, the results of those studies are inconsistent and mainly focus on maternal depressive symptoms in the second or third trimester., Methods: This prospective cohort study used a sub-sample of participants from the Sino-Canadian Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative trial. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to screen for depressive symptoms in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Infant growth indicator measurements were conducted in the first year of life. Logistic regression, Spearman correlation analyses and Generalized estimation equation (GEE) models were used to test the hypotheses., Results: 2053 participants were recruited in this study, 326 of whom had at least one EPDS score ≥ 10 during pregnancy. A higher EPDS score in the first (aOR=1.053, 95 % CI: 1.004-1.103) or in the second trimester (aOR=1.060, 95 % CI: 1.007-1.115) was associated with greater risk of macrosomia. A higher EPDS score in the third trimester was associated with higher risks of preterm birth (aOR=1.079, 95 % CI: 1.006-1.157) and the infant being small for gestational age (aOR=1.097, 95 % CI: 1.015-1.185). GEE models showed that a greater EPDS score in the third trimester was associated with higher infant subscapular skinfold thickness (adjusted β=0.026, 95 % CI: 0.003-0.050)., Conclusion: Maternal depressive symptoms in different trimesters were differentially associated with infant weight and growth parameters at birth and postnatally. The present study further highlights the importance of depression screening in all trimesters of pregnancy, including the first trimester., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors of this article declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Depression weakens antitumor immunity, yet the underlying mechanisms linking depression and tumor growth remain unclear. This study examines the influence of depression on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, immunological function, and effectiveness of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients., Methods: A mouse model of comorbid TNBC and depression was established via chronic restraint stress (CRS) and 4T1 tumor transplantation. A programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor was used to manage mice with TNBC, and the ability of metyrapone to reverse the immune system changes induced by HPA axis activation in depression was evaluated. Mouse peripheral blood was used to measure HPA axis activity, immune cell numbers and cytokine levels., Results: Depression activates the HPA axis, leading to increased levels of glucocorticoids. Depression led to an increase in the B-cell number and a reduction in the CD4 + T-cell and CD8 + T-cell numbers, without a statistically significant difference in the regulatory T (Treg) cell number. Furthermore, depression increased the levels of the cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α while decreasing the levels of IL-2 and IL-10. Similar results were observed in the context of PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. The depressed mice presented an increased tumor burden and a poor response to the PD-L1 inhibitor. The application of metyrapone during PD-L1 inhibitor treatment resulted in partial restoration of these depression-related alterations., Conclusions: Depression reduces the effectiveness of PD-L1 inhibitors by altering the number of immune cells and the levels of cytokines through activation of the HPA axis., Translational Relevance: Depression is common in breast cancer patients and is associated with reduced antitumor immunity. There is limited knowledge regarding the specific mechanisms through which depression impairs antitumor immunity. Immunotherapy, which promotes the restoration of antitumor immunity, represents a promising treatment strategy for TNBC patients. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy can be compromised by depressive symptoms and the administration of glucocorticoids during treatment. It is still uncertain whether increasing glucocorticoid levels can reduce the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with depression. The potential benefits of combining immunotherapy with glucocorticoid inhibitors compared with immunotherapy alone need to be evaluated for TNBC patients with concurrent depressive symptoms. Therefore, further clarification of the specific mechanisms by which depression impairs antitumor immunity is needed to inform future optimization of immunotherapy strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In this paper, a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe based on silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) has been developed for the sensitive detection of methyl parathion pesticide residues. The silicon quantum dots were prepared by a simple hydrothermal reaction process using 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as silicon resource and were characterized by the analysis of transmission electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The silicon quantum dots displayed characteristic blue fluorescence emission at 440 nm. Tyrosinase can catalyze the oxidation of tyramine to form dopamine. Then, dopamine can interact with silicon quantum dots and effectively change the position of its fluorescence emission for redshifting to 540 nm. In the presence of organic phosphorus pesticides (OPPs), the activity of tyrosinase was inhibited, resulting in the inability to generate dopamine and the fluorescence emission at 440 nm remaining unchanged. As a model of organic phosphorus pesticides, methyl parathion (MP) was determined using this method, and the fluorescence intensity response values showed a good linear relationship with methyl parathion concentration in the range of 50-90 nM, with a detection limit of 0.149 nM. Due to its good performance of relative low detection limit, good selectivity and high reproducibility, this sensing system has been successfully applied to the detection of methyl parathion in environmental water samples and potato samples, which showed good prospects for application in the detection of organic phosphorus pesticide residues in more real samples., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Negative emotions are common among patients in medical settings. It is important to investigate impacts of patient power and affect labeling on emotional experience in patients., Methods: Behavioral judgments and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants with high or low patient power made emotional judgments (positive, negative) about neutral faces, as well as investigating how affect labeling (affect labeling, viewing) influenced emotional judgments about neutral faces in participants with low patient power., Results: Individuals with low patient power made more and faster negative emotion judgements. A larger late positive component (LPC) amplitude was found in negative emotion judgments for individuals with low patient power, a component related to allocation of attentional resources to motivationally salient stimuli. Affect labeling elicited less and slower negative emotion judgments in individuals with low patient power., Conclusions: These results suggest that low patient power triggers negative emotion, which can be reduced by affect labeling., Practice Implications: The current findings provide valuable insights into reducing negative emotions in patients, fostering promising targets for training for medical professionals and education for patients aiming to ensure more humanistic and higher-quality care delivery., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The successful treatment of androgenic alopecia (AGA) hinges on an effective transdermal drug delivery strategy, a challenge that requires urgent attention. In this study, we introduce a novel approach utilizing cedrol nanoemulsions (CD-NEs) for AGA treatment. Our findings demonstrate that cedrol (CD) effectively inhibits the expression of 5α-reductase 2 (5αR2), akin to the FDA-approved drug finasteride, while also surpassing it in terms of promoting cell proliferation. Through formulation optimization, we have developed stable CD-NEs suitable for large-scale production. Experimental and molecular dynamics simulations further reveal that CD-NEs enhance transdermal penetration by altering lipid organization, facilitating CD delivery to deeper skin layers via a trans-epidermal pathway. In vivo studies conducted on AGA model C57BL/6 mice demonstrate that CD-NEs significantly promote hair follicle regeneration, accelerating the transition of hair follicles from the telogen phase to the anagen phase. Moreover, CD-NEs treatment leads to a significant reduction in dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in the skin while maintaining stasis levels in serum, underscoring its efficacy in targeting androgenetic pathways with high safety. This comprehensive analysis sheds light on the efficacy and mechanism of action of CD-NEs in hair regeneration, offering valuable insights for future clinical applications in AGA treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Soil and groundwater contamination by organic pollutants from chemical plants presents significant risks to both environmental and human health. We report a significant field trial where a chemical plant in operation showed soil and groundwater pollution, as verified by sampling and laboratory tests. While many remediation methods are effective, they often require the temporary shutdown of plant operations to install necessary equipment. This paper introduces a novel combination of low-disturbance contaminant remediation technologies, including groundwater circulation well (GCW), pump and treat (P&T), and in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) technologies, that can be applied on the premises of an active plant without halting production. The groundwater with dissolved contaminants is removed through P&T and GCW, while GCW enhances ISCO that focus on eliminating the remaining hard-to-pump contaminants. Results show: (1) after two years of remediation effort, the contaminant levels in soil and groundwater were significantly reduced; (2) the average concentration reduction rate of four contaminants, including 1,2-dichloroethane, methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, and M&P-xylene, exceeds 98 %; (3) the presented remediation strategy results in the improvement of remediation efficiency. Specifically, the concentration of 1,2-dichloroethane in observation wells dropped from 40,550.7 μg/L to 44.6 μg/L. This study offers a first-of-its-kind commercial deployment of a GCW-based remediation strategy in an active plant setting. Moreover, the combined remediation approach presented here can serve as a model for designing contaminant remediation projects that require minimal operational disruption., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

As the substitutes of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organophosphate esters (OPEs) with high concentrations have accumulated in the estuaries, bays, and harbors. However, limited information is available about the OPEs in the estuary organism categories, especially under the multiple industrial pressure. This study investigated the occurrence, bioaccumulation and human consumption implication in wild marine organisms from the Yellow River Estuary, where located many petroleum and chemical manufacturing industries. This study found that concentrations of Σ 13 OPEs ranged from 547 ng/L to 1164 ng/L in seawater (median: 802 ng/L), from 384 to 1366 ng/g dw in the sediment (median: 601 ng/g dw), and from 419 to 959 ng/g dw (median: 560 ng/g dw) in the marine organisms. The congener compositions in the organisms were dominated by alkyl-OPEs (80.7 %), followed by halogenated-OPEs (18.8 %) and aryl-OPEs (0.5 %). Based on the principal component analysis, petrochemical pollution, and industrial wastewater discharge were distinguished as the main plausible sources of OPEs to the YRE ecosystem. Most OPEs had potential or strong bioaccumulation capacity on the organisms, with a positive correlation between log BAF (Bioaccumulation Factor) and log Kow of OPEs. The highest estimated daily intake value of OPEs was tri-n-propyl phosphate, exceeding 300 ng/kg·bw/day via consuming fish. The highest hazard quotients from OPEs ranged from 0.001 to 0.1, indicating a low risk to human health by consuming marine organisms in the YRE. As the consumption of OPEs increases year by year, the risks of OPEs still cannot be ignored., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors of this article declare that they have no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this study., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is a unique and effective method for treating end-stage liver diseases and acute liver failure, bringing hope to many patients with liver cancer. LT is currently widely used in the treatment of liver diseases. However, there have been no patients with liver cancer who have undergone ABO-incompatible (ABOi) LT after treatment with the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor reported in the literature., Case Presentation: A patient with liver cancer who received sintilimab injection, an anti-PD1 therapy, before LT was admitted in the transplantation centre. This patient underwent ABOi LT. The perioperative treatment strategy of this patient was reported. A desensitisation protocol was conducted urgently for the patient before operation, and the immunosuppression programme of LT was adjusted. After operation, isoagglutinin titer and liver function indicators were strictly monitored. The patient recovered well after operation, and no sign of rejection reaction was observed., Conclusion: We reported a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received PD-1 inhibitor treatment before operation and successfully underwent ABOi LT. The present case report provides novel insights into the perioperative management of utilizing PD-1 inhibitors prior to ABOi LT in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Nanoplastics (NPs) present in food and water poses a genuine risk of their accumulation in humans through the diet. Preferential contact between ingested NPs and the intestine as well as the liver has the potential to induce enteritis and hepatitis. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the inter-organ crosstalk between the intestine and liver when exposed to NPs, as well as the underlying signaling pathways involved. In this study, we employed a 21-day mice exposure model to investigate the accumulation profile of PS-NPs and elucidate the mechanism of intestinal and hepatic inflammation induced by NPs. After exposure, notable fluorescent signals originating from PS-NPs were detected not only in the stomach and intestine but also in other organs such as liver, lung, kidney, brain, and testes. Histopathological analysis along with routine blood tests both revealed an acute inflammatory reaction in mice. Further mechanistic investigations demonstrated that PS-NPs activated inflammatory NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways and induced the expression of cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in the intestine, which recruited macrophages and neutrophils into the intestine. Concurrently, a significant decrease in the expression levels of intestinal tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1) was observed, resulting in an increase in intestinal permeability and elevated endotoxin (LPS) levels. The high levels of LPS further activated TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD pathways in the liver, inducing liver inflammation and hepatocyte pyroptosis. The impairment of liver function was positively correlated with intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption. These findings underscore that exposure to NPs can instigate enteritis and hepatitis while emphasizing the crucial role played by the indirect gut-liver axis in elucidating the potential mechanism underlying NP-induced liver pathogenesis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are widely used insecticides and have been detected in aquatic environments globally. However, little is known about NEOs contamination in the coastal environments under the terrestrial pressure of multiple planting types simultaneously. This study investigated the occurrence, spatial-seasonal variability, and ecological risks of NEOs along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula during the dry and wet seasons, where located many largest fruit, vegetable, and grain production bases in China. The concentrations of ∑NEOs in seawater were higher in wet seasons (surface: 195.46 ng/L; bottom: 14.56 ng/L) than in dry seasons (surface: 10.07 ng/L; bottom: 8.45 ng/L). During the wet seasons, NEOs peaked in the northern and eastern areas of the Shandong Peninsula, where the inland fruit planting area is located. While dry seasons had higher concentrations in Laizhou Bay, influenced by rivers from vegetable-growing areas. Grain crops, fruit, and cotton planting were major NEOs sources during wet seasons, while wheat and vegetables dominated in dry seasons. Moderate or above ecological risks appeared at 53.8% of the monitoring sites. Generally, NEOs caused high risks in the wet seasons mainly caused by Imidacloprid, and medium risk in the dry seasons caused by Clothianidin, which should be prevented and controlled in advance., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Emerging contaminants (ECs) are increasingly recognized as a global threat to biodiversity and ecosystem health. However, the cumulative risks posed by ECs to aquatic organisms and ecosystems, as well as the influence of anthropogenic activities and natural factors on these risks, remain poorly understood. This study assessed the mixed risks of ECs in Dongting Lake, a Ramsar Convention-classified Typically Changing Wetland, to elucidate the major EC classes, key risk drivers, and magnitude of anthropogenic and natural impacts. Results revealed that ECs pose non-negligible acute (30% probability) and chronic (70% probability) mixed risks to aquatic organisms in the freshwater lake ecosystem, with imidacloprid identified as the primary pollutant stressor. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that cropland and precipitation were major drivers of EC contamination levels and ecological risk. Cropland was positively associated with EC concentrations, while precipitation exhibited a dilution effect. These findings provide critical insights into the ecological risk status and key risk drivers in a typical freshwater lake ecosystem, offering data-driven support for the control and management of ECs in China., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Capillary electrophoresis is a powerful analytical method featured with high separation efficiency, minimal sample requirements, and reduced organic solvents consumption. However, its low sensitivity hinders its wide application in determination of trace analytes especially for the weakly ionized hydrophobic compounds. Offline and Online capillary electrophoresis stacking methods are more favored to enhance detection sensitivity of analytes. The determination of two sesquiterpenes and an alkaloid from the dried root of Lindera aggregata merged as an example for developing a simple, sensitive and green method for the simultaneous determination of two hydrophobic compounds in complicated matrix samples., Results: An offline-online capillary electrophoresis stacking strategy by integrating micro matrix solid phase dispersion with field-amplified sample stacking and micelle to cyclodextrin stacking has been developed for the simultaneous determination of dehydrocostus lactone, linderane, norisoboldine in complex matrices. The optimized parameters were set at 65 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 35 % methanol, 180 s for sample injection and 210 s for cyclodextrin injection, 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate of sample matrix for online stacking; 1:1 sample to MCM-48, 180 s grinding time, and 1000 μL of 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate elution for offline procedure. Under the optimum conditions, the method showed good linearity with correlation coefficients (R 2  ≥ 0.9927), low limits of detection within the range of 25-50 ng mL -1 , satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility below 3.98 %, and acceptable recoveries between 94 % and 97 %. The developed method was successfully applied to two real samples, the root of L. aggregata and rat feces., Significance: Sodium dodecyl sulfate is firstly used as an eluent in micro matrix solid phase dispersion and plays a dual role throughout the analytical procedure, including extraction solvent in sample preparation and micelle pseudophase during online stacking. It brings great procedure convenience to the method. The sensitivity of this method can improve up to 1283-folds compared with the normal mode. Moreover, the overall strategy indicates satisfied green potential evaluated by greenness assessment tools., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Yinyanghuo, a famous herb, includes the folium of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. and Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. It is believed that their processed products, the prepared slices of the folium of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. (PFEB) and Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. (PFES) have greater efficacy in tonifying kidney Yang to treat kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome (KDS). However, there are few studies comparing the pharmacological effects of PFEB and PFES, and the underlying mechanisms. This study compared their effects on improving hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, immune system and sexual characteristic, as well as repairing liver injury complications in the KDS model mice. Additionally, the mechanisms of the effects relevance to their main components were explored. It was found that PFEB was more effective than PFES in increasing cAMP/cGMP ratio, SOD activity, CRH and ACTH levels, eNOS and testosterone levels, splenic lymphocytes proliferation, while in decreasing MDA content, atrophy of spleen and thymus, splenic lymphocytes apoptosis, and PDE5 level. PFES showed stronger protection than PFEB in decreasing triglyceride and hepatic lipid. The contents of baohuoside I and epimedin A, B were much higher in PFEB, while Epimedin C, Icariin, 2-O″-rhamnosylicaridide II were higher in PFES. Consequently, PFEB exhibits superior efficacy over PFES in tonifying the kidney-Yang by improving the neuroendocrine-immune network, including HPA axis, immune systems, and corpus cavernosum. However, PFES has better recovery effect on mild hepatic lipid caused by KDS. The efficacy difference between PFEB and PFES in kidney-Yang and liver may be attributed to the content variations of baohuoside I., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Relaxin 3 is a neuropeptide that plays a crucial role in reproductive functions of mammals. Previous studies have confirmed that rln3a plays an important role in the male reproduction of tilapia. To further understand the significance of its paralogous gene rln3b in male fertility, we generated a homozygous mutant line of rln3b in Nile tilapia. Our findings indicated that rln3b mutation delayed spermatogenesis and led to abnormal testes structure. Knocking out rln3b gene resulted in a decrease in sperm count, sperm motility and male fish fertility. TUNEL detection revealed a small amount of apoptosis in the testes of rln3b -/- male fish at 390 days after hatching (dah). RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that mutation of rln3b gene caused a significant downregulation of steroid synthesis-related genes such as cyp17a1, cyp11b2, germ cell marker gene, Vasa, and gonadal somatic cell marker genes of amh and amhr2. Furthermore, we found a significant down-regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis-related genes, while a significantly up-regulation of the dopamine synthetase gene in the rln3b -/- male fish. Taken together, our data strongly suggested that Rln3b played a crucial role in the fertility of XY tilapia by regulating HPG axis genes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of high-resolution free-breathing (FB) hepatobiliary phase imaging of the liver using the eXtra-Dimension Golden-angle RAdial Sparse Parallel (XD-GRASP) MRI technique., Methods: Fifty-eight clinical patients (41 males, mean age = 52.9 ± 12.9) with liver lesions who underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with a liver-specific contrast agent were prospectively recruited for this study. Both breath-hold volumetric interpolated examination (BH-VIBE) imaging and FB imaging were performed during the hepatobiliary phase. FB images were acquired using a stack-of-stars golden-angle radial sequence and were reconstructed using the XD-GRASP method. Two experienced radiologists blinded to acquisition schemes independently scored the overall image quality, liver edge sharpness, hepatic vessel clarity, conspicuity of lesion, and overall artifact level of each image. The non-parametric paired two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis., Results: Compared to BH-VIBE images, XD-GRASP images received significantly higher scores (P < 0.05) for the liver edge sharpness (4.83 ± 0.45 vs 4.29 ± 0.46), the hepatic vessel clarity (4.64 ± 0.67 vs 4.15 ± 0.56) and the conspicuity of lesion (4.75 ± 0.53 vs 4.31 ± 0.50). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between BH-VIBE and XD-GRASP images for the overall image quality (4.61 ± 0.50 vs 4.74 ± 0.47) and the overall artifact level (4.13 ± 0.44 vs 4.05 ± 0.61)., Conclusion: Compared to conventional BH-VIBE MRI, FB radial acquisition combined with XD-GRASP reconstruction facilitates higher spatial resolution imaging of the liver during the hepatobiliary phase. This enhancement can significantly improve the visualization and evaluation of the liver., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The latest information regarding the awareness of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains limited in China., Objectives: The present study aimed to understand the variation and disparity in awareness of AF in China., Methods: The cross-sectional study used data from the 2020 nationwide epidemiology survey on AF among adults aged 18 years or older in mainland China to assess the prevalence of AF awareness. The awareness of AF diagnostic methods and outcomes was also assessed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire., Results: Of the 114,039 adults responding to the survey, 1463 (age-standardized prevalence, 55.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.7-62.9%) and 10,202 (8.2%, 95%CI 5.4-10.9%) were aware of AF in participants with and without AF, respectively. Of these, 36.4% (95%CI 30.0-42.9%) and 6.3% (95%CI 3.6-9.1%) considered electrocardiogram as a method of diagnosing AF, and 30.0% (95% CI 3.2-8.2%) and 5.2% (95%CI 2.7-7.6%) considered stroke as an outcome of AF. The proportion of participants who being aware of AF varied significantly across sociodemographic and cardiovascular disease subgroups, and was almost consistently lower in rural areas than those in urban areas. Overall, lack of AF awareness was associated with rural areas, geographical region, lower education levels, and without history and had no risk factors of cardiovascular disease., Conclusions: Nearly half of adults with AF, and >90% non-AF population are unaware of AF in China, with significant variation and disparity. Focused public health initiatives are needed to improve awareness and knowledge of AF among high-risk populations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors have no conflict to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The consumption of cycloalkanes is prevalent in low-temperature marine environments, likely influenced by psychrophilic microorganisms. Despite their significance, the primary active species responsible for marine cycloalkane degradation remain largely unidentified due to cultivation challenges. In this study, we provide compelling evidence indicating that the uncultured genus C1-B045 of Gammaproteobacteria is a pivotal participant in cycloalkane decomposition within China's marginal seas. Notably, the relative abundance of C1-B045 surged from 15.9% in the methylcyclohexane (MCH)-consuming starter culture to as high as 97.5% in MCH-utilizing extinction cultures following successive dilution-to-extinction and incubation cycles. We used stable isotope probing, Raman-activated gravity-driven encapsulation, and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing to link cycloalkane-metabolizing phenotype to genotype at the single-cell level. By annotating key enzymes (e.g., alkane monooxygenase, cyclohexanone monooxygenase, and 6-hexanolactone hydrolase) involved in MCH metabolism within C1-B045's representative metagenome-assembled genome, we developed a putative MCH degradation pathway., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A dual Multi-Dimensional Integration (dMDI) method was proposed and demonstrated for T 2 * and R 2 * mapping. By constructing and jointly using both the original MDI term and an inversed MDI term, T 2 * and R 2 * mapping can be performed independently with intrinsic background noise suppression and spike elimination, allowing for high quantitative accuracy and robustness over a wide range of T 2 *. dMDI was compared to original MDI and curve fitting methods in terms of quantitative specificity, accuracy, reliability and computational efficiency. All methods were tested and compared via simulation and in vivo data. With high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), the proposed dMDI method yielded T 2 *and R 2 * values similar to curve fitting methods. For low SNR and background noise signals, the dMDI yielded low T 2 * and R 2 * values, thus effectively suppressing all background noise. Virtually zero spikes were observed in dMDI T 2 * and R 2 * maps in all simulation and imaging results. The dMDI method has the potential to provide improved and reliable T 2 * and R 2 * mapping results in routine and SNR-challenging scenarios., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The following authors are employees of the UIH America, Inc., Houston, TX, United States: Yongquan Ye, Jian Xu and Zhongqi Zhang. The following authors are employees of the Beijing United Imaging Intelligent Imaging Technology Research Institute: Yan Zhang., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Aiming at green and friendly environmental protection, polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/chitosan (PSCS) double network hydrogel was successfully prepared through diffusing the high molecular weight chitosan into PVA/sodium alginate (PS) hydrogel without any other toxic reagents. The polyanion hydrogels could be significantly enhanced by immersing the polyanion hydrogel in high molecular weight chitosan solution without requiring specific structure. The PSCS hydrogel had a compact and rough surface structure with the smaller porosities and larger crystallization degree compared with polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogels and polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/Ca 2+ (PSCa) hydrogels. The PSCS hydrogel possessed excellent hydrolysis resistance, the significant pH-sensitive and salt-sensitive swelling. In addition, the flexibility, Young's modulus and mechanical properties of PSCS hydrogel can be adjusted through the changing the content of sodium alginate. Moreover, PS, PSCa and PSCS had electric conductivity, and PSCS showed twice the conductivity compared to PS hydrogel. Based on differences of swelling ratio, a PSCS bilayer hydrogel was designed and showed excellent pH-driven deformation ability. The PSCS hydrogel is expected to expand the application of hydrogels in conditions involving stimulus response, and might serve as a promising intelligent actuators or soft robots., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Lili Ren reports was provided by Jilin University. Lili Ren reports a relationship with Jilin University that includes: employment., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Chronic rejection, closely related to the activation of B cells and donor-specific antibody (DSA) production, has unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) is a major regulatory factor that controls the activation and differentiation of B cells. However, it remains unclear whether BLyS blockade can regulate B and plasma cells in the transplantation setting and affect chronic rejection. Here, we investigated the efficacy of the BLyS inhibitors belimumab and telitacicept in controlling B-cell response and preventing chronic rejection., Methods: The effects of belimumab and telitacicept on B-cell activation, differentiation, and antibody production in vitro were determined. A chronic rejection model in mouse was established by allogeneic cardiac transplantation with CTLA4-Ig treatment. Allograft survival, histology, DSA levels, and B-cell responses were analyzed to evaluate the chronic rejection-preventive effects of belimumab and telitacicept., Results: In vitro experiments confirmed that belimumab and telitacicept inhibited B-cell activation and differentiation and reduced antibody production. In vivo experiments indicated that they significantly prolonged allograft survival, attenuated chronic rejection through significant suppression of myocardial ischemic necrosis and interstitial fibrosis, and reduced DSA-IgG levels, C4d deposition, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, the frequencies of B cells, plasma cells, and IgG-producing cells in the recipients' spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and blood were decreased after BLyS inhibitors treatment., Conclusions: This study demonstrated that belimumab and telitacicept inhibit B-cell responses and antibody production and alleviate chronic transplant rejection. Therefore, BLyS inhibitors are expected to be used for the prevention of chronic rejection in clinical practice., (Copyright © 2023 International Society for the Heart and Lung Transplantation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The fetal brain is particularly plastic, and may be concurrently affected by chemical exposure and malnutritional factors. Selenium is essential for the developing brain, and excess manganese exposure may exert neurotoxic effects. However, few epidemiological studies have evaluated the interaction of manganese and selenium assessed in different prenatal stages on postnatal neurodevelopmental trajectories., Methods: This study contained 1024 mother-child pairs in the Shanghai-birth-cohort study from 2013 to 2016 recruited since early/before pregnancy with complete data on manganese and selenium levels in different prenatal stages and infant neurodevelopmental trajectories. Whole blood manganese and selenium in early pregnancy and around birth were measured by inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS), children's cognitive development was evaluated at 6, 12, and 24 months of age using Age & Stage-Questionnaire (ASQ)-3 and Bayley-III. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the interaction of prenatal selenium and manganese on neurodevelopmental trajectories., Results: The prenatal manganese and selenium levels were 1.82 ± 0.98 μg/dL and 13.53 ± 2.70 μg/dL for maternal blood in early pregnancy, and 5.06 ± 1.67 μg/dL and 11.81 ± 3.35 μg/dL for umbilical cord blood, respectively. Higher prenatal Se levels were associated with better neurocognitive performances or the consistently-high-level trajectory (P < 0.05), with more significant associations observed in early pregnancy than around birth. However, such positive relationships became non-significant or even adverse in high (vs. low) manganese status, and the effect differences between low and high manganese were more significant in early pregnancy., Conclusions: Prenatal Selenium was positively associated with child neurodevelopment, but prenatal high manganese may mitigate such favorable effects. The effects were mainly observed in earlier prenatal stage., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a unique subtype of breast cancer characterized by the lack of expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. TNBC exhibits a high degree of aggressiveness, metastatic potential, and a poor prognosis. Despite the limited success of conventional treatments, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as promising therapeutics for TNBC. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying innate and acquired resistance to ICIs in TNBC is essential. Numerous studies suggest that intrinsic and extrinsic factors significantly contribute to the development of ICI resistance in TNBC. Intrinsic resistance may result from alterations in tumor-intrinsic signaling pathways, such as dysregulation of interferon (IFN) signaling or other signaling pathways. In contrast, extratumoral mechanisms may develop due to alterations in the tumor microenvironment, changes in T cell-related factors or adaptations within the immune system itself. In this paper, we endeavor to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of immune resistance by systematically examining immune mechanisms, the present state of immunotherapy, and the processes of immune resistance. Nonetheless, enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying intratumoral and extratumoral resistance to ICIs in TNBC is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes in this challenging disease. Persistent efforts to identify novel targets for combination therapies, biomarkers that can predict the response to immunotherapy, and resistance mechanisms will be instrumental in achieving this objective., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To investigate the effect of non-electrocardiogram (ECG) -triggered ultra-low-dose CT (ULD-CT) with different reconstruction protocols on coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring assessment, compared with ECG-triggered CAC CT (CAC-CT)., Methods: This prospective study included 115 patients who underwent CAC-CT and ULD-CT scans under the same topogram images. CAC-CT adopted a prospective ECG-triggered sequential acquisition with a tube potential of 120 kV, and the reconstruction protocol was standard Qr36 + slice 3 mm (CAC Qr-3mm group). ULD-CT adopted a non-ECG-triggered high-pitch acquisition with a tube potential of Sn100 kV, and four groups of images (named ULD Qr-3mm , ULD Sa-3mm , ULD Qr-1.5mm, and ULD Sa-1.5mm ) were reconstructed using different reconstruction algorithms (standard Qr36, kV-independent Sa36) and slice thicknesses (3 mm, 1.5 mm). The accuracy of CAC detection by ULD-CT was calculated. The agreement of the CAC score between ULD-CT and CAC-CT scans was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot, and the agreement of risk categorization was assessed using weighted kappa., Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the ULD Sa-1.5mm group for detecting positive CAC were 100% and 97.4%, respectively (k = 0.980). The CAC score for the ULD Sa-3mm and ULD Sa-1.5mm groups demonstrated excellent agreement with the CAC Qr-3mm group (ICC = 0.992, 0.990, respectively), with a mean difference of -12.3 and - 12.4. The agreement of risk categorization based on absolute and percentile CAC score between the ULD Sa-1.5mm and CAC Qr-3mm groups was excellent (weighted k = 0.954, 0.983, respectively), and risk reclassification rates were low (3.5%, 2.8%, respectively). The effective dose was reduced by approximately 77.2% for the ULD-CT compared to the CAC-CT (0.18 mSv vs. 0.79 mSv, p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Reconstruction with a 1.5-mm slice thickness and kV-independent iterative algorithmic protocol in ULD-CT yielded excellent agreement in CAC score quantification and risk categorization compared with ECG-triggered CAC-CT., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No actual or potential conflict of interest exists., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether trophectoderm biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing is associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes compared with conventional in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection without preimplantation genetic testing., Data Sources: Entries between January 1990 and August 2022 were searched using MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar., Study Eligibility Criteria: Publications comparing the outcomes of pregnancies after preimplantation genetic testing using trophectoderm biopsy and in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection were included. Only human studies with a cohort or case-control design or randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion., Methods: The study selection process was performed independently by 2 investigators. The quality of the observational studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool version 2 was used to grade the level of bias in randomized controlled trials. The pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a random-effects model when substantial heterogeneity occurred (indicated by I 2 of >50% and P<.1). Otherwise, a fixed-effects model was used., Results: This meta-analysis included 13 studies involving 11,469 live births after preimplantation genetic testing treatment with trophectoderm biopsy before embryo transfer and 20,438 live births after in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection only. The odds ratio of preterm delivery was higher in the trophectoderm-biopsied group than in the routine in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection group (pooled odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.21); however, the difference did not exist after sensitivity analysis (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-1.11). The risk of low birthweight did not increase among the biopsied pregnancies (pooled odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.85-1.20). No marked difference was observed in the risk of other obstetrical or neonatal outcomes between the biopsy and control groups. Furthermore, no difference was noted in the perinatal outcomes between trophectoderm-biopsied and nonbiopsied groups in the subgroup analyses by intracytoplasmic sperm injection, frozen-thawed transfer, or single embryo transfer., Conclusion: Trophectoderm biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing treatment did not alter the risk of obstetrical or neonatal outcomes compared with conventional in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection without preimplantation genetic testing. However, this study was limited by the large observational evidence base, and more randomized controlled trials are needed to further confirm these findings., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The gas chromatography column is one of the key components of the gas chromatograph and typically be miniaturized using micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology. Due to the limited area of the Si wafer, the column length of micro gas chromatographic column (μGCC) is usually much smaller than that of commercial chromatographic columns. Therefore, it is always difficult to use μGCCs to separate small molecule gas components such as light hydrocarbons. More importantly, the heterogeneous microchannel surface formed by silicon glass bonding causes uneven stationary phase coating, further preventing the improvement of separation performance., Results: In this paper, a novel all-glass based μGCC with 2 m length for the separation of light hydrocarbons is proposed. The microchannels of the μGCC were directly prepared in the glass substrate by ultrafast laser assisted chemical etching (ULAE). The all-glass microchannels make the coating of the hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) stationary phase continuously because of the homogeneous material composition. Therefore, a widely used copper based hydrophilic MOFs HKUST-1 was used as stationary phase for coating and testing. The test results show that the μGCC which is an open tubular column can realize the baseline separation of light hydrocarbons at 100 °C. And the resolution of difficult separated compounds, methane and ethane, can reach 12.98, which is 201.86 % higher than the silica-based monolithic capillary column in the relevant research. The resolution of ethane and ethylene reaches 6.81 at 120 °C., Significance: The μGCC fabricated by ULAE method is composed of all-glass and has the uniform stationary phase coating because of the homogeneous microchannel surface which greatly improve the separation performance, resulting in a large resolution for methane and ethane. The all-glass μGCC has broad application prospects in light hydrocarbon separation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence this work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The transcription factor Olig2 is highly expressed throughout oligodendroglial development and is needed for the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into oligodendrocytes and remyelination. Although Olig2 overexpression in OPCs is a possible therapeutic target for enhancing myelin repair in ischemic stroke, achieving Olig2 overexpression in vivo remains a formidable technological challenge. To address this challenge, we employed lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mediated delivery of Olig2 synthetically modified messenger RNA (mRNA) as a viable method for in vivo Olih2 protein overexpression. Specifically, we developed CD140a-targeted LNPs loaded with Olig2 mRNA (C-Olig2) to achieve targeted Olig2 protein expression within PDGFRα + OPCs, with the goal of promoting remyelination for ischemic stroke therapy. We show that C-Olig2 promotes the differentiation of PDGFRα + OPCs derived from mouse neural stem cells into mature oligodendrocytes in vitro, suggesting that mRNA-mediated Olig2 overexpression is a rational approach to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination. Furthermore, when C-Olig2 was administered to a murine model of ischemic stroke, it led to improvements in blood‒brain barrier (BBB) integrity, enhanced remyelination, and rescued learning and cognitive deficits. Our comprehensive analysis, which included bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq), revealed upregulated biological processes related to learning and memory in the brains of mice treated with C-Olig2 compared to those receiving empty LNPs (Mock). Collectively, our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of multifunctional nanomedicine targeting mRNA expression for ischemic stroke and suggest that this approach holds promise for addressing various brain diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: While Olig2 overexpression in OPCs represents a promising therapeutic avenue for enhancing remyelination in ischemic stroke, in vivo strategies for achieving Olig2 expression pose considerable technological challenges. The delivery of mRNA via lipid nanoparticles is considered aa viable approach for in vivo protein expression. In this study, we engineered CD140a-targeted LNPs loaded with Olig2 mRNA (C-Olig2) with the aim of achieving specific Olig2 overexpression in mouse OPCs. Our findings demonstrate that C-Olig2 promotes the differentiation of OPCs into oligodendrocytes in vitro, providing evidence that mRNA-mediated Olig2 overexpression is a rational strategy to foster remyelination. Furthermore, the intravenous administration of C-Olig2 into a murine model of ischemic stroke not only improved blood-brain barrier integrity but also enhanced remyelination and mitigated learning and cognitive deficits. These results underscore the promising therapeutic potential of multifunctional nanomedicine targeting mRNA expression in the context of ischemic stroke., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Four undescribed sesquiterpene-shikimates (1-4), eight undescribed monoterpene-shikimates (5-12), together with two known ones were isolated and identified from the 95% ethanol extract of the plant endophytic fungus Phyllosticta capitalensis cultured in rice medium. Capitalensis A (1) was identified as the first sesquiterpene-shikimate-conjugated spirocyclic meroterpenoid degradation product, while capitalensis B (2) is a sesquiterpene-shikimate-conjugated spirocyclic meroterpenoid with a unique D-ring formed by a C-2-O-C-9' connection. The structures of these previously undescribed compounds were elucidated by multiple techniques, including IR, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR analysis. Furthermore, their absolute configurations were established through the comprehensive approach that involved the calculations of ECD spectra, optical rotation values, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model in BV2 microglial cells. Meanwhile, these compounds exhibited activity in inhibiting NO production. Four compounds, capitalensis C (3), capitalensis D (4), 15-hydroxyl tricycloalternarene 5b (13) and guignarenone A (14) showed strong inhibitory effects with IC 50 values of 21.6 ± 1.33, 12.2 ± 1.08, 18.6 ± 1.27, and 15.8 ± 1.20 μM, respectively. In addition, the structure-activity relationship of the anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Alpinia officinarum Hance (AOH) is one of the most commonly used both as a food and folk medicines, which is rich in diarylheptanoids and flavonoids. The gastroprotection and hypoglycemic effect make AOH has great potential in developing of anti-DGP complementary medicine. However, the molecular mechanisms of AOH that act against DGP are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects, the potential molecular mechanism, and the changes of gut microbiota of AOH in DGP. The 5 components of the AOH were analyzed, and the potential signaling pathway of AOH improving DGP was predicted by molecular docking. Subsequently, DGP rat model was constructed using high-fat-irregular-diet, AOH intervention significantly reduced blood glucose levels, increased gastrointestinal propulsion rate, and improved gastric histological morphology in DGP rats. Meanwhile, AOH has been shown to regulate the SCF/c-kit signaling pathway and rebalance the gut microbiota, which may be closely related to its role in improving DGP. Taken together, AOH may play a protective role on DGP through multiple mechanisms, which might pave the road for development and utilization of AOH., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships. All authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Studies from animal models and clinical trials of blood and cerebrospinal fluid have proposed that blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in depression (MDD). But there are no In vivo proves focused on BBB dysfunction in MDD patients. The present study aimed to identify whether there was abnormal BBB permeability, as well as the association with clinical status in MDD patients using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (DCE-MRI) imaging., Methods: Patients with MDD and healthy adults were recruited and underwent DCE-MRI and structural MRI scans. The mean volume transfer constant (K trans ) values were calculated for a quantitative assessment of BBB leakage. For each subject, the mean K trans values were calculated for the whole gray matter, white matter, and 90 brain regions of the anatomical automatic labeling template (AAL). The differences in K trans values between patients and controls and between treated and untreated patients were compared., Results: 23 MDD patients (12 males and 11 females, mean age 28.09 years) and 18 healthy controls (HC, 8 males and 10 females, mean age 30.67 years) were recruited in the study. We found that the K trans values in the olfactory, caudate, and thalamus were higher in MDD patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). The K trans values in the orbital lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, putamen, and thalamus in treated patients were lower than the patients never treated. There were positive correlations between HAMD total score with K trans values in whole brain WM, hippocampus and thalamus. The total HAMA score was positively correlated with the K trans of hippocampus., Conclusion: These findings supported a link between blood-brain barrier leakage and depression and symptom severity. The results also suggested a role for non-invasive DCE-MRI in detecting blood-brain barrier dysfunction in depression patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

This study focuses on the formulation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based films with pH-sensitive properties and ultraviolet (UV) resistance by incorporating sodium lignosulfonate (LS) and varying concentrations of black rice anthocyanin extract (BRE) into PVA matrix. The films were characterized through Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile test, water vapor permeability (WVP), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The results indicated that BRE and LS effectively formed strong hydrogen bonds with PVA, leading to reduced film crystallinity, improved mechanical properties, and lowered WVP as the BRE content increased. The addition of LS and BRE improved the UV resistance of the films, and BRE imparted films with excellent pH-sensitive properties. Among the film variants, the PVA/LS/BRE film containing 1 wt% BRE exhibited excellent mechanical performance, boasting an elongation at a break of 360.66 % and a strength of 35.68 MPa. Additionally, soil pH visualization holds significant potential within agriculture. In this study, the PVA/LS/BRE film containing 2 wt% BRE exhibited minimum UV transparency (0.9 %) and displayed the most distinct color response across varying pH environments. Therefore, the PVA/LS/BRE film containing 2 wt% BRE excelled in both UV resistance and pH sensitivity, positioning it as the most suitable material for the development of agricultural films integrated with soil pH monitoring capabilities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. We have taken care to ensure that all the authors have participated sufficiently in this work to take public responsibility for it; all the authors have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approve it for publication and neither this manuscript nor one with substantially similar content under our authorship has been published or is being considered for publication elsewhere., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: The selection of antiviral therapy for BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection has been extensively debated. Our study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of various treatments for BKPyV infection., Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for relevant studies regarding drug treatments for BKPyV viremia/DNAemia published between January 1, 1970 and September 30, 2022. Two independent authors screened the published studies, extracted pertinent data, and evaluated their methodological quality. A meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan software version 4.2.2., Results: A total of 33 published studies involving 986 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, therapeutic interventions comprised immunosuppression reduction alone or in combination with leflunomide, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), cidofovir, or mTOR inhibitor (mTORi) therapy. The meta-analysis revealed that the efficacy of immunosuppression reduction alone for serum BKPyV clearance was 68% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58-0.77; I 2  = 78%). Moreover, the efficacy of immunosuppression reduction in combination with leflunomide, cidofovir, IVIG, or mTORi therapy for serum BKPyV clearance was 61% (95% CI: 0.47-0.74; I 2  = 83%), 71% (95% CI: 0.63-0.78; I 2  = 0), 87% (95% CI: 0.82-0.93; I 2  = 45%), and 80% (95% CI: 0.59-1.00; I 2  = 58%), respectively. Compared to immunosuppression reduction alone, immunosuppression reduction combined with IVIG therapy offered a statistically significant benefit in serum BKPyV clearance (P < 0.01) with minimal adverse reactions, whereas other adjunctive drug treatments did not demonstrate considerable effects., Conclusions: Reducing immunosuppression remains the primary approach for treating BKPyV infection. Although the combination treatment with IVIG proved to be most effective, other agents might offer varied antiviral advantages of high heterogeneity, which should be substantiated in future long-term randomized controlled trials., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The occurrence and profiles of organophosphate esters (OPEs) were studied in indoor and outdoor dusts from various microenvironments, including forty-seven outdoor dusts from green belts, roads, parks and residence areas, seventy-seven indoor dusts from private cars, print shops, taxis, furniture shops, offices, dormitories, shopping malls and residences house in different districts in Beijing. The total concentrations (Σ 12 OPEs) were eighteen times higher in indoor dusts (7.14 ×10 2 to 2.24 ×10 4 ng/g) than in outdoor dusts (36.0-1.56 ×10 3 ng/g). OPEs concentrations in samples from taxi and private cars were obviously higher than other indoor microenvironments. Both indoor and outdoor microenvironments also showed different compositional profiles of OPEs, indicating that polyurethane foam/building materials and hydraulic fluids/plastics were the greatest contributions in different microenvironments, with chlorinated alkyl phosphates (Cl-OPEs) being the predominant compound in both indoor dust (52.1-86.5%) and outdoor dust samples (42.6-81.3%). The uncertainty was reduced by Monte Carlo simulation, and the pollution levels of 50th and 95th percentiles were employed to calculate the average daily dosage, which was then used to calculate hazard quotient (HQ) for assessing the health risks to adults and children. Results showed that OPEs were safe even at extremely consumed concentration percentile (95th) in all groups., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) may regulate neuroinflammatory immunity and blood-brain barrier integrity. This study was designed to assess the prognostic role of plasma S1P in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)., Methods: In this prospective cohort study, plasma S1P levels were measured in 51 controls, at admission in 114 ICH patients and at days 1, 3, 5 and 7 in 51 of all patients. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were sequentially used to investigate severity correlation and prognosis association., Results: Plasma S1P levels were significantly elevated at admission, peaked at day 5, and declined at day 7, which were significantly higher during 7 days than those of controls (all P < 0.001). Areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of plasma S1P levels insignificant differed among all time points (all P > 0.05). Admission plasma S1P levels, in close correlation with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores [β, 7.661; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 4.893-10.399; P < 0.001] and hematoma volume (β, 1.285; 95 % CI, 0.348-2.230; P < 0.001), independently predicted 3-month poor prognosis (modified Rankin Scale scores of 3-6) (odds ratio, 3.184; 95 % CI, 1.057-9.597; P = 0.040). Admission plasma S1P levels had AUC of 0.799 (95 % CI, 0.713-0.868) for prognosis prediction. The levels > 240.4 ng/ml distinguished risk of poor prognosis with the maximum Youden index of 0.518. Prediction model integrating NIHSS scores, hematoma volume and admission plasma S1P levels had substantially higher prognostic predictive ability than NIHSS scores (P = 0.023), but not than hematoma volume (P = 0.061)., Conclusion: There is a significant elevation of plasma S1P levels during early period after ICH, which were independently related to severity and poor prognosis. Thus, plasma S1P may be a potential prognostic biomarker of ICH., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The classical lytic infection theory along with large T antigen-mediated oncogenesis cannot explain the BK polyomavirus (BKPyV)-associated tumor secondary to BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKVAN), viremia/DNAemia, and viruria after renal transplantation. This study performed virome capture sequencing and pathological examination on regularly collected urine sediment and peripheral blood samples, and BKVAN and tumor biopsy tissues of 20 patients with BKPyV-associated diseases of different stages. In the early noncancerous stages, well-amplified integration sites were visualized by in situ polymerase chain reaction, simultaneously with BKPyV inclusion bodies and capsid protein expression. The integration intensity, the proportion of microhomology-mediated end-joining integration, and host PARP-1 and POLQ gene expression levels increased with disease progression. Furthermore, multiomics analysis was performed on BKPyV-associated urothelial carcinoma tissues, identifying tandem-like structures of BKPyV integration using long-read genome sequencing. The carcinogenicity of BKPyV integration was proven to disturb host gene expression and increase viral oncoprotein expression. Fallible DNA double-strand break repair pathways were significantly activated in the parenchyma of BKPyV-associated tumors. Olaparib showed an antitumor activity dose-response effect in the tumor organoids without BRCA1/2 genes mutation. In conclusion, the dynamic viral integration patterns actively participate in the progression of BKPyV-associated diseases and thus could be a potential target for disease monitoring and intervention., (Copyright © 2023 American Society of Transplantation & American Society of Transplant Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Microplastics weathering by various types of oxidants in the oxic environment and their interaction with environmental contaminants have drawn numerous scientific attention. However, the environmental fate of microplastics under a reducing environment has been largely unresolved. Herein, the change of physicochemical and redox properties of microplastics during the weathering under a sulfate-reducing environment and the interaction with arsenite were addressed. The sulfurization of phenol-formaldehyde resin microplastics under a sulfate-reducing environment generated smooth and porous particles with the induction of organic S species. Multiple spectroscopic results demonstrated thioether and thiophene groups formed by the substitute removal of O-containing functional groups. Moreover, the sulfurization process induced the reduction of carbonyl groups and oxidation of phenolic hydroxyl groups and resulted in the formation of semiquinone radicals. The O-containing functional groups contributed to microplastics redox property and As(III) oxidation while S-containing functional groups showed no obvious effect. The sulfurized microplastics had lower efficiency in mediating arsenite oxidation than the unsulfurized counterparts due to the decreased electron donating capacity. Producing hydrogen peroxides by electron-donating phenol groups and semiquinone radicals and the direct semiquinone radicals oxidation could mediate arsenite oxidation. The findings of this study help us understand the fate of microplastics in redox fluctuation interfaces., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing financial interests or personal relationships in connection with this work., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Micropollutants in water environments have attracted widespread attention, but how human and natural stressors influence the risks of micropollutants has not been comprehensively revealed. A megacity-scale study of the ecological risks of micropollutants in the surface water of Beijing, China is presented to illustrate the magnitudes of the influences of multiple anthropogenic and natural stressors. A total of 133 micropollutants representing typical land use patterns in Beijing, were quantified with the mean concentration range of ND (not detected) to 272 ng·L -1 . The micropollutant concentrations in the south were obviously higher than those detected in the northern areas, and neonicotinoid pesticides showed the highest mean concentration of 311 ng·L -1 . The chronic and acute risks of micropollutants to algae, invertebrates, and fishes were determined, and herbicides, organophosphorus esters, and insecticides account for the primary risks to algae, invertebrates, and fishes, respectively. The cropland and impervious cover cause the differences in the pollution and risks of micropollutants. The land use in riparian zones greater than 2 km shows a great influence on the chronic chemical risks (CCRs) for the three groups of species, indicating that too local scale does not explain the local pollution status. Climate conditions and human land use are important drivers explaining the CCRs to which various trophic levels of species are exposed. Results demonstrate that multiple categories of micropollutants pose adverse risks to freshwater in the megacity of Beijing, while climate conditions, pollution discharge, and human land use induce the chemical risk of micropollutants to aquatic organisms, and the land use in different riparian zones show different effects on the risks., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)