1. Long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific immune and inflammatory responses in individuals recovering from COVID-19 with and without post-acute symptoms
- Author
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Michael J. Peluso, Amelia N. Deitchman, Leonel Torres, Nikita S. Iyer, Sadie E. Munter, Christopher C. Nixon, Joanna Donatelli, Cassandra Thanh, Saki Takahashi, Jill Hakim, Keirstinne Turcios, Owen Janson, Rebecca Hoh, Viva Tai, Yanel Hernandez, Emily A. Fehrman, Matthew A. Spinelli, Monica Gandhi, Lan Trinh, Terri Wrin, Christos J. Petropoulos, Francesca T. Aweeka, Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer, J. Daniel Kelly, Jeffrey N. Martin, Steven G. Deeks, Bryan Greenhouse, Rachel L. Rutishauser, and Timothy J. Henrich
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,T cell ,immunity ,post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection ,PASC ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Summary: We describe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell responses, soluble markers of inflammation, and antibody levels and neutralization capacity longitudinally in 70 individuals with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants represent a spectrum of illness and recovery, including some with persistent viral shedding in saliva and many experiencing post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). T cell responses remain stable for up to 9 months. Whereas the magnitude of early CD4+ T cell immune responses correlates with severity of initial infection, pre-existing lung disease is independently associated with higher long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Among participants with PASC 4 months following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptom onset, we observe a lower frequency of CD8+ T cells expressing CD107a, a marker of degranulation, in response to Nucleocapsid (N) peptide pool stimulation, and a more rapid decline in the frequency of N-specific interferon-γ-producing CD8+ T cells. Neutralizing antibody levels strongly correlate with SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell responses.
- Published
- 2021
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