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Workers in marble processing plants are at high risk of exposure to high levels of marble dust containing silica, but there are limited studies evaluating the genotoxicity and oxidative stress parameters of workers occupationally exposed to marble dust. In this study, we aimed to clarify how marble dust affects genotoxicity and immunotoxicity mechanisms alongside oxidative stress in the workers in the marble processing plants of Iscehisar, Turkey. The oxidative stress and immune system parameters were determined spectrophotometrically using commercial kits. Genotoxicity was evaluated by Comet and micronucleus (MN) assays in the lymphocytes and buccal cells, respectively. The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and the levels of glutathione, and Clara cell secretory protein CC16 in workers (n = 48) were significantly lower than in controls (n = 41), whereas the levels of malondialdehyde, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta were significantly higher in workers. DNA damage in workers were significantly higher than in controls and there was a clear correlation between the increase in DNA damage and the duration of exposure. Marble workers had significantly higher MN frequencies when compared to controls. The results indicate the possibility of immunotoxic and genotoxic risks to workers in marble industry., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Cerebral vasospasm remains a serious problem affecting morbidity and mortality in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) during neurosurgery. We aimed to demonstrate the role of the transient receptor potential channel and other channels for Ca 2+ in the etiology of cerebral vasospasm using 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB) and the effective dose range of an unstudied pharmacological agent, which can limit vasospasm., Methods: We performed an experimental study using 32 Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 4 groups: sham group (n = 8), SAH group (n = 8), 2-APB group (SAH rats intraperitoneally administered with 0.5 mg/kg 2-APB; n = 8), and 2-APB-2 group (SAH rats intraperitoneally administered with 2 mg/kg 2-APB; n = 8). The rats were sacrificed after 24 hours, and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β in the brain tissue and serum were measured. The histopathological investigation of brain tissue included measurement of the luminal diameter and wall thickness of the basilar artery (BA), and apoptotic cells in the hippocampus were counted after caspase staining., Results: Autologous arterial blood injection into the cisterna magna caused vasospasm in rats. 2-APB treatment increased the BA wall thickness and reduced the BA lumen diameter, inducing significant vascular changes. 2-APB also alleviated cell apoptosis at 24 hours after SAH., Conclusion: In experimental SAH in rats, 2-APB treatment increased the BA wall thickness and reduced the BA lumen diameter, inducing significant vascular changes. 2-APB also alleviated cell apoptosis at 24 hours after SAH., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)