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Background: Sinovac was the first vaccine used in Indonesia against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, data regarding the effects of certain variables such as clinical demographics on antibody levels in individuals vaccinated with Sinovac are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the impact of gender and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection status on neutralizing antibody titers 1, 2, and 3 months after administration of the Sinovac vaccine., Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2021. Data on neutralizing antibody levels, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection status, and gender were retrieved from the monthly quantitative serology evaluation database of Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Tangerang, Indonesia. The role of each variable was analyzed using the t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, depending on data distribution., Result: Data from 350 participants were collected for the study. Participants with a history of a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers in the first (144 U/mL, p = 0.036) and second months (144 U/mL, p = 0.005) after vaccination compared with those without a history of positive RT-PCR test. Female participants also had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers in the first, second, and third months (43 U/mL, 42 U/mL, and 39 U/mL, respectively; p = 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.003, respectively) after vaccination compared to males., Conclusion: COVID-19 survivor status and the female gender were associated with higher neutralizing antibody titers after Sinovac vaccine administration., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Aims: One of the comorbidities associated with severe outcome and mortality of COVID-19 is dyslipidemia. Statin is one of the drugs which is most commonly used for the treatment of dyslipidemic patients. This study aims to analyze the association between statin use and composite poor outcomes of COVID-19., Data Synthesis: We systematically searched the PubMed and Europe PMC database using specific keywords related to our aims until November 25th, 2020. All articles published on COVID-19 and statin were retrieved. Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager 5.4 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3 software., Results: A total of 35 studies with a total of 11, 930, 583 patients were included in our analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that statin use did not improve the composite poor outcomes of COVID-19 [OR 1.08 (95% CI 0.86-1.35), p = 0.50, I 2  = 98%, random-effect modelling]. Meta-regression showed that the association with composite poor outcomes of COVID-19 was influenced by age (p = 0.010), gender (p = 0.045), and cardiovascular disease (p = 0.012). Subgroup analysis showed that the association was weaker in studies with median age ≥60 years-old (OR 0.94) compared to <60 years-old (OR 1.43), and in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease ≥25% (RR 0.94) compared to <25% (RR 1.24)., Conclusion: Statin use did not improve the composite poor outcomes of COVID-19. Patients with dyslipidemia should continue taking statin drugs despite COVID-19 infection status, given its beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aim: This study aims to review the current evidence regarding appetite problem in cancer patients, mainly focusing on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment., Introduction: Anorexia is the common symptom of malnutrition in cancer patients. Recently, the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of the appetite problem in cancer patients has been increasing that give impact to rigorous research to find the therapies for improving appetite in cancer patients., Discussion: The development of anorexia in cancer patients is a complex process that involves many cytokines, receptors, chemical mediators/substances, hormones, and peptides. Growth and differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and toll-like receptor (TLR-4) have recently been found to be implicated in the pathogenesis of anorexia. To help diagnose the appetite problem in cancer patients, several questionnaires can be used, starting from well-known questionnaires such as Functional Assessment of Anorexia Cachexia Therapy (FAACT), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ30). Several drugs with different mechanisms of action have been studied to help in improving appetite in cancer patients. New repurposed agents such as anamorelin, mirtazapine, thalidomide, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have shown a beneficial effect in improving appetite and quality of life in cancer patients, however more phase 3 clinical trial studies is still needed., Conclusion: The pathophysiology of appetite problems in cancer patients is a complex process that involves many factors. Several drugs that target those factors have been studied, however more phase 3 clinical trial studies are needed to confirm the findings from previous studies., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)