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1. Genomic insights and Taguchi-based optimization of culture conditions for enhanced alkaline protease production in Streptomyces barkulensis RC1831

Author

Pratyush Kumar Behera, Zahra Parwez, Seemon Giri, Subhransu Sekhar Behera, Suchismita Nivedita, Ananta Narayana Panda, Himadri Tanaya Behera, and Lopamudra Ray

Subjects
Streptomyces RC1831, Alkaline protease, Industries, Whole genome, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

This study presents a genome analysis identifying various alkaline protease genes and culture condition optimization to enhance the production of the enzyme in Streptomyces barkulensis RC1831. The analysis of genes using bioinformatics tools such as RAST, KEGG, KAAS, and BLASTx revealed the presence of 10 genes that are responsible for alkaline protease production belonging to different families. Multiple sequence alignment showed a high sequence identity with M24 family serine protease followed by subtilisin-like serine protease. Optimal conditions for enhanced protease production were determined to be at 37°C, pH 11, casein1 % (W/V), dextrose 0.5 % (W/V), urea 0.5 % (W/V), tryptophan 1 % (W/V), 1 mM Mn+2, 1 % (V/V) Tween-80 in LB medium and an incubation time of 72 hours. Out of the 10 alkaline protease genes, 2 genes expressed significantly according to the activity observed during optimization processes i.e., M24 family, Mn+2 dependent metalloprotease and subtilisin-like serine, ca+2 dependent metalloprotease. Furthermore, the AP enzyme was remarkably stable in the presence of various cofactors (Metal ions) and surfactants, indicating its potential for industrial applications under diverse conditions.

Published
2024
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2. Salt-resistant Streptomyces consortia promote growth of rice (Oryza sativa var. Swarna) alleviating salinity and drought stress tolerance by enhancing photosynthesis, antioxidant function, and proline content

Author

Suchismita Nivedita, Subhransu Sekhar Behera, Pratyush Kumar Behera, Zahra Parwez, Seemon Giri, Himadri Tanaya Behera, and Lopamudra Ray

Subjects
Plant growth promotion, Antioxidant enzymes, Plant stress, Microbial consortia, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Salinity and drought are the major abiotic stresses that significantly affect growth and productivity, necessitating the development and exploration of technologies to enhance tolerance of the crop plants. This study explored the role of four plant growth-promoting Streptomyces, i.e. Streptomyces chilikensis RC1830 (assigned as A), Streptomyces griseoincarnatus RB7AG (assigned as D), Streptomyces barkulensis RC1831 (assigned as B), and Streptomyces chitinovorans RC1832 (assigned as C) in mitigating stresses and improving rice plant growth (var. Swarna). Rice plants were inoculated with different Streptomyces consortia and exposed to 40 mM NaCl for salinity stress and 55 % FC (Field capacity) for drought stress. The study found that stresses adversely affected physiological parameters and triggered the production of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. However, inoculation of consortia at a concentration of 108 CFU/mL not only promoted the growth of the plants but also mitigated the negative effects of salinity and drought compared to non-inoculated controls. Among the treatments, ABCD consortia (RC1830, RC1831, RC1832, RB7AG) demonstrated the most significant improvements followed by ABD (RC1830, RC1831, RB7AG), boosting shoot length, root length, total chlorophyll, and proline content. This also enhanced superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities under stress conditions. Overall, Streptomyces inoculation improved stress tolerance in rice plants by enhancing photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and proline content. These PGPS inoculants present a promising ecological approach to mitigate the impacts of abiotic stress on crops.

Published
2024
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3. Unveiling the anticancer potential of L-Asparaginase (ASNase) from novel Streptomyces isolate HB2AG: Purification and characterization study

Author

Gupteswar Rath, Monica Prusty, Suchismita Nivedita, Subhransu Sekhar Behera, Purusottam Ojha, K. Gopinath Achary, Susant Kumar Behera, Himadri Tanaya Behera, and Lopamudra Ray

Subjects
Streptomyces sp. HB2AG, L-asparaginase, Anticancer, Purification, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

L-asparaginase (ASNase) obtained from microbial origins is a significant enzyme in the commercial sphere, crucial for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In the current investigation, we isolated ASNase through techniques involving ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE sepharose anion exchange column chromatography, revealing a molecular weight of 35 kDa. The enzyme exhibited its peak activity at pH 8 and 40°C, maintaining approximately 99% of its enzymatic effectiveness. The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) were determined to be 0.0021 M and 714.3 µM/min, respectively. ASNase was found to be non-toxic on HEK293 cells and selectively effective against breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma cells, colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, Human lung cancer cell line, Neck squamous cells, and Human head carcinoma cells. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells exhibited remarkable responsiveness to ASNase, displaying an IC50 of 23 µg/mL. This led to observable changes in nuclear morphology indicative of apoptosis, as evidenced by DAPI and Annexin V-FITC staining. ASNase also showed cell migration potential on HEK293 cells. Streptomyces HB2AG ASNase’s dynamic functioning across pH and temperature ranges, as well as its stability at 40°C and cytotoxic potential, make it a promising pharmaceutical candidate for various applications.

Published
2024
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4. Polyhydroxyalkanoate recovery from newly screened Bacillus sp. LPPI-18 using various methods of extraction from Loktak Lake sediment sample

Author

Seid Mohammed and Lopamudra Ray

Subjects
Carbon source, Isolate, PHA, Producing and species, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background Nowadays, the conventional plastic wastes are very challenging to environments and its production cost also creates an economic crisis due to petrochemical-based plastic. In order to solve this problem, the current studies were aimed at screening and characterizing these polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-producing isolates and evaluating the suitability of some carbon source for newly screened PHA-producing isolates. Material and methods Some carbon sources such as D-fructose, glucose, molasses, D-ribose and sucrose were evaluated for PHA production. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The 16SrRNA gene sequence of these isolates was performed. These newly isolated taxa were related to Bacillus species. It was designated as Bacillus sp. LPPI-18 and affiliated Bacillus cereus ATCC 14577T (AE01687) (99.10%). Paenibacillus sp. 172 (AF273740.1) was used as an outgroup. Results Bacillus sp. LPPI-18 is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore former, and citrate test positive. This isolate showed positive for amylase, catalase, pectinase, and protease test. They produced intracellular PHA granules when this isolate was stained with Sudan Black B (SBB) and Nile blue A (NBA) preliminary and specific staining dyes, respectively. Both temperature and pH used to affect polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) productivity. Bacteria are able to reserve PHA in the form of granules during stress conditions. This isolate produces only when supplied with carbon sources. More PHA contents (PCs) were obtained from glucose, molasses, and D-fructose. In this regard, the maximum mean value of PC was obtained from glucose (40.55±0.7%) and the minimum was obtained from D-ribose (12.4±1.4%). Great variations (P≤0.05) of PCs were observed among glucose and sucrose, molasses and sucrose, and D-fructose and sucrose carbon sources for PHA productivity (PP) of cell dry weight (CDW) g/L. After extraction, PHA film was produced for this typical isolate using glucose as a sole carbon source. Fourier transform infrared spectrum was performed for this isolate and showed the feature of polyester at 1719.64 to 1721.16 wavelengths for these extracted samples. The peak of fingerprinting (band of carboxylic acid group) at this wavelength is a characteristic feature of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and corresponds to the ester functional group (C=O). Conclusion In this study, newly identified Bacillus sp. LPPI-18 is found to be producing biodegradable polymers that are used to replace highly pollutant conventional plastic polymers. This isolate is also used to employ certain cost-effective carbon sources for the production of PHA polymers. Graphical Abstract

Published
2022
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6. Purification and characterization of an extracellular thermo-alkali stable, metal tolerant chitinase from Streptomyces chilikensis RC1830 isolated from a brackish water lake sediment

Author

Lopamudra Ray, Ananta Narayan Panda, Samir Ranjan Mishra, Ajit Kumar Pattanaik, Tapan Kumar Adhya, Mrutyunjay Suar, and Vishakha Raina

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

An extracellular thermo-alkali stable chitinase was obtained from Streptomyces chilikensis RC1830, a novel actinobacterial strain isolated from the sediments of Chilika lake, India. Purification of the enzyme was carried out by concentrating the enzyme with centrifugal device followed by chromatographic separation by DEAE Sepharose ion exchange resin.The molecular weight of the enzyme was 10.5 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for the partially purified chitinase was pH 7 and 60 °C. The chitinase showed 40% activity at pH 11 after 24 h exposure at room temperature. The chitinase exhibited Km and Vmax values are 0.02 mM and 3.184 mol/min/mg of enzyme respectively. The 6 residue N-terminal sequence of the enzyme was not found similar to any of the reported chitinase enzyme. Based on the SDS PAGE, zymogram analysis, activity assays and other characteristics, it is proposed that the purified enzyme from S.chilikensis RC1830 is a chitinase. Keywords: Streptomyces, Chitinase, Halo tolerant, Chio oligosaccharides

Published
2019
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8. Contributors

Author

K.S. Anantharaju, Ali Anwar, S. Aravindan, Tess Astatkie, Mathew S Baite, Khosro Balilashaki, Himadri Tanaya Behera, Lopamudra Behera, L. Bhanu, Krishna Bharwad, B. Cayalvizhi, Akshita Champaneria, Eduardo Jose Azevedo Correa, Smrutiranjan Das, Tuyelee Das, Diptanu Datta, Zahra Dehghanian, Abhijit Dey, Pushpendra Kumar Dhakad, Neimar de Freitas Duarte, Shubham Dubey, Saraí Esparza-Reynoso, K. Gangadhar, Niharika Ghoghari, Sujit Ghosh, Bisweswar Gorain, Pratishtha Gupta, Khashayar Habibi, S. Harish, Rupak Jena, Priyanka Jha, Jayandra Kumar Johri, Naveen Chandra Joshi, S.R. Joshi, U. Keerthana, Shivani Khatri, Isha Kohli, Praveen Kona, Tulasi Korra, Sumit Kumar, Vipin Kumar, Vijay Kumar, Behanm Asgari Lajayer, P. Kiruthika Lakshmi, Jesús Salvador López-Bucio, José López-Bucio, S. Meenakshi, Debasis Mitra, Abhik Mojumdar, Sunil S. More, Veena S. More, A. Muthu Kumar, Ajay Nair, Samapika Nandy, R. Naveen Kumar, Christiane Abreu Oliveira Paiva, Marcela Claudia Pagano, Devendra Kumar Pandey, P. Panneerselvam, Joginder Singh Panwar, C. Parameswaran, Manoj Parihar, Srijita Paul, Ramón Pelagio-Flores, S.R. Prabhukarthikeyan, S. Raghu, Shalini Rajkumar, Suryansh Rajput, Kirti Rani, Rupa Rani, Archana S. Rao, P.C. Rath, Lopamudra Ray, Kiran K. Reddy, Monire Mones Sardrodi, Preeti Sengupta, Efath Shahnaz, Shilpi Sharma, Deepali Shukla, Piyush Shukla, A.L. Singh, Poonam C. Singh, Prashant Kumar Singh, Bana Sravani, Ashmita Tandon, Stevenson Thabah, Ajit Varma, Ambarish S. Vidyarthi, M.K. Yadav, and Manoj K. Yadav

Published
2022

9. List of contributors

Author

Mir Sahidul Ali, S. Aruna Sharmili, Arunima Bhattacharjee, Joyani Bhattacharjee, Ankurita Bhowmik, Debasmita Chakraborty, K. Chandrasekhar, Dipankar Chattopadhyay, Ashwini Chauhan, Jaya Chawla, Ankita Dey, Bandita Dutta, Subhasish Dutta, Tushar Kanti Dutta, Saksham Garg, Sougata Ghosh, Azaruddin V. Gohil, Mayakkannan Gopal, Sangita Jana, Slipa Kanungo, Bhavtosh A. Kikani, Dibyajit Lahiri, Avinash Marwal, Mukesh Meena, Moupriya Nag, Jonathan Tersur Orasugh, Anjana Pandey, Farzin Parabia, Hiren K. Patel, Ritesh Pattnaik, Lopamudra Ray, Rina Rani Ray, Nahid Rehman, Jayesh Ruparelia, Shruthi Sampatkumar, Jayashree Shanmugam, Apoorva Sharma, Surbhi Sharma, Anupama Shrivastav, Meenakshi Singh, Puneet Kumar Singh, Sweta Singh, Kanishka Srivastava, Shobana Sugumar, Prashant Swapnil, Pragati Thakur, Nensi K. Thumar, Raymond J. Turner, Smita Rastogi Verma, and Saanya Yadav

Published
2022

10. Contributors

Author

Ovaid Akhtar, null Aniruddha Mukhopadhyay, Moh Sajid Ansari, Neeraj Atray, Sakshi Awasthi, Gopal Samy Balakrishnan, Soumya Banerjee, Megha Bansal, Jorge Bedia, Himadri Tanaya Behera, Carolina Belver, C. Ben Youssef, Pritha Bhattacharjee, Aman K. Bhonsle, Adrija Bose, Rupa Chaudhuri, A. Córdova Lizama, Praveen Dahiya, Papita Das, Shreeja Datta, Khac-Uan Do, Subhasish Dutta, Bhavika Garua, Krishnendu Ghosh, José C. Góis, Luciano A. Gomes, Anuksha Gulati, Mohammad Haris, G. Hernández-Martínez, Touseef Hussain, Venkatalakshmi Jakka, Jeyakanthan Jeyraman, Harbans Kaur Kehri, Abrar Ahmad Khan, Amir Khan, Anoar Ali Khan, Jaya Lakkakula, Ritika Luthra, Tero Luukkonen, Anjali Mandal, Abhik Mojumdar, Madhumanti Mondal, Dipti Mundhe, Raghvendra Paratap Narayan, T. Nguyen-Hong Nguy, Dheeraj Pandey, Chitra Jeyaraj Pandian, Jyoti Porwal, Margarida J. Quina, Lopamudra Ray, Arpita Roy, J.E. Ruiz Espinoza, Andreia F. Santos, Shubhalakshmi Sengupta, Tanusree Sengupta, Jai Gopal Sharma, Archana Singh, Neetu Singh, Surbhi Sinha, Rajendren Sironmani, Varsha Sonkamble, Atirah Tauseef, Neha Tiwari, Nilesh Wagh, R. Yañez Palma, Adeyinka S. Yusuff, A. Zepeda Pedreguera, Ifra Zoomi, and Shidra Zuby

Published
2022

12. List of contributors

Author

Uday Pratap Azad, A.C. Bastos, Himadri Tanaya Behera, Punyasloke Bhadury, M.B. Binish, P. Binu, L. Breton-Deval, J.K. Bwapwa, Jaya Chakraborty, Sukalyan Chakraborty, Shalini Chandel, Pranjal Chandra, Ram Chandra, Shreosi Chatterjee, Subhankar Chatterjee, Punarbasu Chaudhuri, Ashvini Chauhan, Khushboo Choudhary, Santanu Chowdhury, Surajit Das, Debashis Dash, Deepika Devadarshini, Tushar Dhamale, null Divya, Nelson Duran, Bobby Edwards III, Paul H. Fallgren, S. Fragoeiro, Aniket Gade, Priyanka Gehlot, Anwesha Ghosh, V.G. Gopikrishna, S. Gouma, A. Guevara-García, Indarchand Gupta, Pratishtha Gupta, Tony Gutierrez, Soumya Haldar, Avinash Ingle, Rajneesh Jaswal, Song Jin, K. Juarez, Adarsh Kumar, Vipin Kumar, Swetambari Kumari, Neelam Kungwani, P. Lara, N. Magan, Rishi Mahajan, Supratim Mahapatra, Uma Mahto, Raya Majumdar, Luis Rafael Martínez-Córdova, Marcel Martínez-Porchas, Bibhuti Bhusan Mishra, Mahesh Mohan, Balaram Mohapatra, Swati Mohapatra, Abhik Mojumdar, Christina Nikolova, Krishna Palit, S. Panigrahi, Nidhi Pareek, Sunil Parthasarathy, Kristofer G. Paso, Neha P. Patel, Ashish Pathak, Swayamsidha Pati, Swati Pattnaik, Prashant S. Phale, Marco Antonio Porchas-Cornejo, Monika Priyadarshanee, Hemant J. Purohit, Asifa Qureshi, Mahendra Rai, Rupa Rani, Sonalin Rath, Lopamudra Ray, Arijit Reeves, Glen Ricardo Robles-Porchas, D. Rubio-Noguez, Annapoorni Lakshman Sagar, Braja Kishor Saha, Deviprasad Samantaray, Amedea B. Seabra, Wasim Akram Shaikh, Nagaraj P. Shetti, M.E. Shuaib, Sudhir K. Shukla, Dayananda Siddavattam, Ankur Singh, Ananya Srivastava, T. Subba Rao, Ksheerabdi Tanaya, E. Tovar-Sanchez, null Vandana, Francisco Vargas-Albores, P. Velraj, Shalini Verma, Vivekanand Vivekanand, and Prerna J. Yesankar

Published
2022

13. Contributors

Author

Md. Afjal Ahmad, Ramesh Alluri, Stênio Nunes Alves, Himadri Tanaya Behera, Alok Bharadwaj, Khushbo Bhardwaj, Ashok Bhattacharyya, Sundaresan Bhavaniramya, Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro, Surabhi Chaturvedi, Pulkit Chawla, Mairon Cesar Coimbra, Eduardo José Azevedo Corrêa, Santhosha Dasarapu, Leonardo Henrique França de Lima, Marcelo de Souza Lauretto, Shrestha Debnath, Abhijit Dey, Gislaine Fongaro, Palash Ghorai, Dipankar Ghosh, Sukanya Gogoi, Th Indrama, Sérgio Luiz Alves Júnior, Taraka Sunil Kumar Karumuri, Harpreet Kaur, Sanchita Kulshrestha, Ananth Kurella, V. Mageshwaran, M.K. Mahatama, Doris Sobral Marques Souza, Snehashis Mishra, Mohammad Reza Moosavi, Samapika Nandy, Adelaide Cássia Nardocci, null Neemisha, M. Nikhil Raj, Devendra Kumar Pandey, K. Pandiyan, Joginder Singh Panwar, Prerana Parihar, Amit Paschapur, Jagdish Kumar Patidar, Pravin Prakash, Asha Singh Rajavat, Neeraj Rani, Lopamudra Ray, Maria Tereza Pepe Razzzolini, Paula Rogovski, Vidya Sabbani, Bandana Saikia, Ipsita Samal, Seema Sangwan, Maria Inês Zanoli Sato, Ajit Kumar Savani, Beatriz Pereira Savi, Pankaj Sharma, A.L. Singh, H.B. Singh, Puneet Singh, Purnima Singh, Sushila Singh, Sushmita Singh, A.R.N.S. Subbanna, J.C. Tarafdar, Onkar Nath Tiwari, Helen Treichel, Sneha Tripathi, Champa keya Tudu, Ramar Vanajothi, Vanitha Kondi, I. Venkatesh, Aman Verma, and Selvaraju Vishnupriya

Published
2022

16. Environmental impact assessment of wastewater based biorefinery for the recovery of energy and valuable bio-based chemicals in a circular bioeconomy

Author

Lopamudra Ray, Puneet Kumar Singh, Ritesh Pattnaik, Tapan Kumar Adhya, and Snehasish Mishra

Subjects
Anaerobic digestion, education.field_of_study, Waste treatment, Waste management, Wastewater, Circular economy, Greenhouse gas, Population, Environmental science, Biorefinery, education, Incineration
Abstract

Ever-growing human population, their need for food, energy, and water along with various deadly pollutants are the major threat to the mankind. Hence, there is a need to develop sustainable technologies to provide constant supply of food and energy to enable a circular economy. Wastes in developing countries, if properly managed, can be potential source of energy, recycled materials, and revenue. For waste treatment, technologies such as fermentation, anaerobic digestion (AD), pyrolysis, incineration, and gasification can be used. However, selection of the right technology and proper process will depend on the type of waste, it’s generation, and the desired economy of scale. Hence, there is a need to develop an integrated biorefinery approach so that the waste can be treated to recover energy, produce various value-added products, and reduce greenhouse gases for a sustainable environment. Global availability of freshwater is reducing alarmingly. Majority of the freshwater is used for human consumption and, to a great extent, for industry and agriculture. However, all such anthropogenic activities lead to the generation of wastewater in large quantities that need to be recycled effectively to reduce dependence on freshwater. Biorefineries based on wastewater can play a great role as has been recorded in different parts of the world. This will generate closing the gap in water cycle, recovery of energy and valuable biochemicals, new business opportunities, reduction in greenhouse gases, saving natural resources which eventually will lead to development of a sustainable industrial ecosystem, and establishment of a circular bioeconomy.

Published
2021

17. Contributors

Author

Tapan Kumar Adhya, Dinesh Chand Agrawal, Carlos Ariel Cardona Alzate, Sundaram Arvindnarayan, Mukesh Kumar Awasthi, Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi, Amit H. Batghare, Thallada Bhaskar, Neha Bhatt, Francesco Bianco, Emilia den Boer, Jan den Boer, Walter José Martínez Burgos, Xuan-Thanh Bui, Júlio César de Carvalho, Eulogio Castro, Matheus Cavali, Jo-Shu Chang, Hongyu Chen, Brigitte Sthepani Orozco Colonia, María del Mar Contreras, Raquel de Freitas Dias Milão, Ofélia de Queiroz Fernandes Araújo, Miguel Desmarais, Jeyaprakash Dharmaraja, Kim Valladares Diestra, Yumin Duan, Vincenzo Forino, Minerva García-Vargas, Andrés Felipe Camargo Guarnizo, null Hemansi, Jose Gnanaleela Aswin Jeno, Susan Grace Karp, Doris Kraljić, Bhavya B Krishna, Ramesh Chander Kuhad, Gaurav Kumar, Gopalakrishnan Kumar, Antonio Lama-Muñoz, Luiz Alberto Junior Letti, Tao Liu, Adriane Bianchi Pedroni Medeiros, José Luiz de Medeiros, Snehasish Mishra, Bishwambhar Mishra, Vijayanand S. Moholkar, Velusamy Mozhiarasi, Sandeep Narayan Mudliar, Velmurugan Nagabalaji, Senthil Nagappan, Ekambaram Nakkeeran, Santiago Pacheco-Ruiz, Ashok Pandey, Ritesh Pattnaik, Emil Petre, Marco Race, Lopamudra Ray, Xiuna Ren, Eldon R. Rene, Sara Piedrahita Rodríguez, Cristine Rodrigues, Inmaculada Romero, Juan Miguel Romero-García, Sreevathsan S, Jitendra Kumar Saini, Dan Selişteanu, Georgeio Semaan, Sutha Shobana, Puneet K. Singh, Surender Singh, Joyce Guerios Wanderlei Siqueira, Carlos Ricardo Soccol, Shanmugham Venkatachalam Srinivasan, Rengasamy Suthanthararajan, Mohammad J. Taherzadeh, Luis Alberto Zevallos Torres, Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe, Sunita Varjani, Ravichandran Viveka, Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski, Rajasri Yadavalli, Siming You, and Zengqiang Zhang

Published
2021

18. Energy, nutrient, and water resource recovery from agriculture and aquaculture wastes

Author

Lopamudra Ray and Tapan Kumar Adhya

Subjects
Nutrient, Aquaculture, Wastewater, business.industry, Environmental protection, Agriculture, World population, Reuse, business, Resource recovery, Green economy
Abstract

Intense anthropogenic activity and consumerist culture of the global billions generate millions of tons of wastes throughout the world on a day-to-day basis. India with its approximately 1.3 billion people, that is 18% of the world population, also contributes substantially to waste generation and deposition. Although these wastes are rich in nutrients, organic compounds, and energy, they are not properly managed and exploited toward recovery and reuse. Efficient resource recovery and reuse can create sustainable livelihood and also support green economy by reducing waste and improving general environmental health and recovery of cost. Thus there is a need to recycle and reuse the waste produced from various sources in an efficient manner to meet the demand. This chapter elaborates the description of major agriculture and aquaculture wastes in India and focuses primarily on recovery of agriculture and aquaculture wastes for reuse and recycling. Since the amount of waste, particularly wastewater produced in India by agri-aquaculture practices, is huge, various avenues of recycling and eventual reuse have been discussed. Finally the contribution of the resource recovery approach toward bio-based economy has been considered.

Published
2020

19. Contributors

Author

Tapan Kumar Adhya, null Ankush, Robin Bahuguna, J. Rajesh Banu, Mansi Bhatt, Parameswaran Binod, Debajyoti Bose, Avantika Chandra, Hirok Chaudhuri, C.R. Cheeseman, Chuan Chen, Abhijit Dave, G. Saradha Devi, Myilsamy Dineshkumar, Tenzin Dolker, Lucília Domingues, Shane Donatello, Brahm Dutt, Le Fang, Bo Fu, Anand Giri, Edgard Gnansounou, M. Gopinath, M. Gunasekaran, Hongxiao Guo, Pratishtha Gupta, Nidhi Joshi, R. Yukesh Kannah, Keikhosro Karimi, null Kashyap Kumar Dubey, S. Kavitha, Samir Khanal, null Khushboo, Sang-Hyoun Kim, Gopalakrishnan Kumar, Madhava Anil Kumar, N. Manoj Kumar, Vipin Kumar, Duu-Jong Lee, Jiang-Shan Li, Yajie Li, Hongbo Liu, He Liu, M. Estefanía López, Mrinal Kanti Mandal, Sabapathy Manigandan, Michele Michelin, Safoora Mirmohamadsadeghi, Kalpana Mody, P. Mullai, C. Muthukumaran, Ramkumar B. Nair, Ekambaram Nakkeeran, Supriya Pal, Ashok Pandey, Deepak Pant, Chi Sun Poon, K.S. Rajmohan, Rupa Rani, Ravichandran Rathna, Ritika Rawat, Lopamudra Ray, Eldon R. Rene, Crístina M.R. Rocha, Aloia Romaní, Gopalakrishnan Sarojini, Muthulingam Seenuvasan, Virbala Sharma, G. Sharmila, Raveendran Sindhu, V.M. Sivakumar, S. Srinath, José A. Teixeira, Shabnam Thakur, M. Thirumarimurugan, Daniel C.W. Tsang, T.M. Mohamed Usman, Zeba Usmani, S. Vaishnavi, Sunita Varjani, P. Vijay, S. Vishali, Qiming Wang, Xi-Jun Xu, Harshit Yadav, Karuna Yadav, M.K. Yogeswari, and Jie Zhang

Published
2020

20. A Polyphasic Taxonomic Approach for Designation and Description of Novel Microbial Species

Author

Lopamudra Ray, Mrutyunjay Suar, Vishakha Raina, Tanmaya Nayak, and Khushbu Kumari

Subjects
Discriminatory power, Taxon, Bacterial taxonomy, Genomic information, Genomics, Taxonomy (biology), Computational biology, Biology, Genome, Nomenclature
Abstract

Bacterial taxonomy is studied to provide adequate information on identity and uniqueness of a species in their ecological, clinical, and industrial niche environments. The polyphasic taxonomy approach used in nomenclature and systematic of a novel Bacteria and Archaea includes a combination of chemotaxonomic, phenotypic, and genotypic data. However, due to several limitations in the use of % similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH), and mol% of G+C content methods in polyphasic taxonomy are facing severe competition from the information generated by whole-genome sequences. Microbial genomics taxonomy fueled by next-generation sequencing provide rapid and cost-effective approaches to obtain genomic information coupled with computational tools, thus increasing the credibility of new taxonomic approaches. New analytical methods of genome analysis are portable and have greater discriminatory power to replace conventional DDH but are not yet accepted as alternative techniques for taxonomy. This chapter outlines current methods for polyphasic taxonomy, microbial genomics taxonomy and genome data analysis. It also includes overview of approaches for incorporating genomics into new strain identification to new taxon description workflows. These new insights and tools will be gradually introduced in the polyphasic taxonomic practice in future.

Published
2019

21. List of Contributors

Author

Ángeles Aguilera, Azhar Alhasawi, Francisco Amaro, Varun Appanna, Vasu Appanna, Rafael A. Baraúna, Marco Bazzicalupo, Pratiksha Behera, Punyasloke Bhadury, Ram N. Bharagava, Maitree Bhattacharyya, Satpal S. Bisht, Damon Brown, Karen Cameron, Melinda D. Capes, Shruti Chatterjee, Alice Checcucci, Michael K. Danquah, Priya DasSarma, Shiladitya DasSarma, Patricia de Francisco, Surajit De Mandal, Yuri Pinheiro Alves de Souza, Marc Demeter, Chirayu Desai, Kusum Dhakar, Silvia Díaz, George C. diCenzo, Lays T. dos Santos, Karolina Furtak, Anna Gałązka, Diego B. Genuário, Anwesha Ghosh, Sébastien Gillet, Elena González-Toril, Tanvi Govil, Abhishek Gupta, Bhumika Gupta, Sanjay Gupta, Juan-Carlos Gutiérrez, Isabel Henriques, Sasikumar Jagadeesan, Kunal Jain, Amaraja Joshi, Karen Junge, Vanessa N. Kavamura, Sufia K. Kazy, Atif Khan, Snehal Kulkarni, N. Senthil Kumar, Khushbu Kumari, Emeline Lawarée, Félix Legendre, Datta Madamwar, Ana Martín-González, Jean-Yves Matroule, Itamar S. Melo, Alessio Mengoni, Avinash Mishra, Samir R. Mishra, Madhusmita Mohapatra, Sikandar I. Mulla, Tanmaya Nayak, Vijay Nema, Brook Nunn, Siddhartha Pal, Amrita K. Panda, Ananta N. Panda, Satyanarayan Panigrahi, Elena Perrin, Juliana C. Pinheiro, Arnab Pramanik, Diane Purchase, Vishakha Raina, Toleti Subba Rao, Gurdeep Rastogi, Navanietha K. Rathinam, Ishan H. Raval, Lopamudra Ray, Alexandre Soares Rosado, Ajoy Roy, David R. Salem, Rajesh K. Sani, Suikinai N. Santos, Pinaki Sar, Indira P. Sarethy, Jayeeta Sarkar, Keka Sarkar, Gaurav Saxena, Samya Sen, Sohan Sengupta, Shilpi Sharma, Artur Silva, Prachi Singh, Nidhi Srivastava, Mrutyunjay Suar, Hideto Takami, Sakshi Tewari, Onkar Tiwari, Raymond J. Turner, Marcelo G.M.V. Vaz, Parthiban Velraj, Agnieszka Wolińska, and Basit Yousuf

Published
2019

22. High HIV incidence in a cohort of male injection drug users in Delhi, India.

Author

Sarna A, Saraswati LR, Sebastian M, Sharma V, Madan I, Lewis D, Pulerwitz J, Thior I, and Tun W

Subjects
Adult, HIV Infections etiology, Humans, Incidence, India epidemiology, Male, Prevalence, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Factors, Substance Abuse, Intravenous epidemiology, Young Adult, HIV Infections epidemiology, Substance Abuse, Intravenous complications
Abstract

Background: India has an estimated 177,000 injection drug users (IDU) with a national HIV prevalence of 7.14%. Reliable estimates of HIV incidence are not available for this population., Methods: We report HIV incidence in a cohort of male, HIV-negative IDUs recruited through peer-referral, targeted outreach and as walk-in clients in Delhi from May to October, 2011. Fourth-generation Antigen-Antibody tests were used to diagnose new infections and results were confirmed using Western blot tests. HIV incidence based on HIV seroconversion was calculated as number of events/person-years. Cox regression was used to identify significant (p<0.05) seroconversion predictors., Results: A total of 2790 male HIV-negative IDUs were recruited at baseline; 67.4% (n=1880) returned for their first follow-up visit and 96% (n=1806) underwent HIV testing. Participants were followed for a median of 9.7 months. A total of 112 new HIV infections occurred over a cumulative 1398.5 person-years of follow-up resulting in an incidence rate of 8.01 new infections/100 person-years (95% CI: 6.65-9.64); 74% of these participants reported risky injection practices in the past month. In multivariate analysis, moderate-high risk injection behaviors (Adjusted Hazard Ratio [AHR] 2.59; 95% CI 1.45-4.62) were associated with a higher risk of new infections., Conclusions: Male IDUs in Delhi continue to practice unsafe injection practices leading to high sero-incidence despite the availability of HIV prevention services offered through targeted intervention programs., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2014
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