31 results on '"Lucchini F."'
Search Results
2. The 4-DSD: A New Tool to Assess Delirium Superimposed on Moderate to Severe Dementia.
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Morandi A, Grossi E, Lucchi E, Zambon A, Faraci B, Severgnini J, MacLullich A, Smith H, Pandharipande P, Rizzini A, Galeazzi M, Massariello F, Corradi S, Raccichini A, Scrimieri A, Morichi V, Gentile S, Lucchini F, Pecorella L, Mossello E, Cherubini A, and Bellelli G
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- Attention, Cross-Sectional Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Delirium diagnosis, Dementia complications, Dementia diagnosis
- Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to create, standardize, and validate a new instrument, named 4-DSD, and determine its diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of delirium in subjects with moderate to severe dementia., Design: Multicenter cross-sectional observational study., Setting and Participants: Older patients consecutively admitted to acute and rehabilitation hospital wards., Measures: The DSM-5 was used as the reference standard delirium assessment. The presence and severity of dementia was defined using the AD8 and the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). The 4-DSD is a 4-item tool that ranges from 0 to 12. Item 1 measures alertness, item 2 altered function, item 3 attention, and item 4 acute change or fluctuation in mental status., Results: A total of 134 patients were included in the study. Most of the patients were enrolled in acute hospital wards (60%), with 40% in rehabilitation settings. A minority of the patients were categorized with moderate dementia, with a GDS score of 5 (4%). Most of the patients were in the moderate-severe stage with a GDS score ≤6 (77%); 19% were classed as severe, with a GDS score of 7. A 4-DSD cutoff score ≥5 had a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 80% with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 67% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 89%. In the subgroup with moderate-severe dementia (n = 108), the sensitivity and the specificity were 79% and 82%, respectively, with a PPV and NPV of 62% and 92%. In the subgroup with severe dementia (n = 26) the sensitivity was 82% and the specificity 56% with a PPV of 78% and a NPV of 63%., Conclusions and Implications: The availability of a specific tool to detect delirium in patients with moderate-severe dementia has important clinical and research implications, allowing all health care providers to improve their ability to identify it., (Crown Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2021
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3. Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors Among Community-Dwelling Patients with Dementia.
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Canevelli M, Lucchini F, Garofalo C, Talarico G, Trebbastoni A, D'Antonio F, Imbriano L, Velotti P, de Lena C, Gasparini M, and Bruno G
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Independent Living, Male, Dementia physiopathology, Problem Behavior, Sexual Behavior physiology
- Abstract
Objective: Inappropriate sexual behaviors (ISBs) represent challenging and stressful manifestations of dementia and are highly burdening for patients, families, and healthcare providers. Nevertheless, ISBs have so far attracted limited clinical and scientific interest compared with other neuropsychiatric symptoms occurring in dementing illnesses. The authors aimed to systematically investigate the prevalence and characteristics of ISBs in a population of patients with dementia attending a memory clinic., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, individuals with dementia attending our memory clinic were consecutively enrolled between January 2015 and February 2016. Participating subjects underwent a detailed medical history collection and a comprehensive cognitive, functional, and neuropsychiatric assessment. The presence of ISBs (in the previous 30 days) was investigated by the adoption of an ad hoc questionnaire, administered to informants. A logistic regression model was carried out to identify sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with ISBs., Results: In the 195 patients (48.7% women) with dementia recruited for the study, ISBs were detected in 35 patients (17.9% of the total sample). The logistic regression model showed that male sex (OR: 5.14; 95% CI: 1.44-18.41) and anxiety (OR: 4.92; 95% CI: 1.44-16.84) were statistically significantly associated with the presence of ISBs., Conclusion: ISBs represent common manifestations of dementing illnesses. Given the significant burden of ISBs on patients and families and the impact on care management, their occurrence should always be investigated in the clinical care of individuals with dementia. For this purpose, specific screening/assessment tools should be properly designed and validated., (Copyright © 2017 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2017
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4. Sex and gender differences in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
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Canevelli M, Quarata F, Remiddi F, Lucchini F, Lacorte E, Vanacore N, Bruno G, and Cesari M
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- Animals, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Sex Characteristics, Treatment Outcome, Alzheimer Disease drug therapy, Cholinesterase Inhibitors pharmacology, Cholinesterase Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Abstract
In recent years, epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence has drawn the attention on the influence of sex and gender on Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, not enough attention has been paid to their impact on treatment outcomes. The present study is aimed at systematically retrieve, review and discuss data coming from available randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) on currently marketed treatments for AD (i.e., cholinesterase inhibitors [ChEIs] and memantine) in order to describe possible sex and gender differences in their efficacy, safety and tolerability. A systematic review of literature was performed. None of the retrieved studies reported data on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of considered medications separately in male and female patients with AD. We thus analyzed 48 excluded studies of potential interest, that is, almost all of the currently available trials on the four considered drugs. Nearly all the considered RCTs recruited a larger number of female participants to mirror the sexually unbalanced prevalence of AD. Only two studies took into account the potential influence of sex and gender on treatment efficacy, reporting no significant differences between men and women. None of the studies investigated potential sex and gender differences in the safety and tolerability of the four considered treatments. The existence of sex and gender differences in the efficacy and tolerability of ChEIs and memantine in AD has, to date, drawn limited to no attention. However, a considerable amount of data, with an adequate representativeness in terms of sex/gender distribution, seem to be already available for dedicated analyses on this topic. A greater effort should be made to collect and report data on those factors interacting with sex and gender that may significantly influence clinical manifestations, outcomes, and trajectories over time of AD patients., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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5. Expression of a single siRNA against a conserved region of NP gene strongly inhibits in vitro replication of different Influenza A virus strains of avian and swine origin.
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Stoppani E, Bassi I, Dotti S, Lizier M, Ferrari M, and Lucchini F
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- Animals, Birds, Dogs, Humans, Influenza A virus genetics, Influenza A virus isolation & purification, Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells, Nucleocapsid Proteins, Orthomyxoviridae Infections veterinary, Orthomyxoviridae Infections virology, RNA, Small Interfering genetics, RNA, Viral analysis, RNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Swine, Viral Core Proteins genetics, Influenza A virus drug effects, Influenza A virus physiology, RNA, Small Interfering metabolism, RNA-Binding Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Viral Core Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Virus Replication drug effects
- Abstract
Influenza A virus is the principal agent responsible of the respiratory tract's infections in humans. Every year, highly pathogenic and infectious strains with new antigenic assets appear, making ineffective vaccines so far developed. The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) opened the way to the progress of new promising drugs against Influenza A virus and also to the introduction of disease resistance traits in genetically modified animals. In this paper, we show that Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) cassette, designed on a specific conserved region of the nucleoprotein (NP) viral genome, can strongly inhibit the viral replication of four viral strains sharing the target sequence, reducing the viral mRNA respectively to 2.5×10(-4), 7.5×10(-5), 1.7×10(-3), 1.9×10(-4) compared to the control, as assessed by real-time PCR. Moreover, we demonstrate that during the challenge with a viral strain bearing a single mismatch on the target sequence, although a weaker inhibition is observed, viral mRNA is still lowered down to 1.2×10(-3) folds in the shRNA-expressing clone compared to the control, indicating a broad potential use of this approach. In addition, we developed a highly predictive and fast screening test of siRNA sequences based on dual-luciferase assay, useful for the in vitro prediction of the potential effect of viral inhibition. In conclusion, these findings reveal new siRNA sequences able to inhibit Influenza A virus replication and provide a basis for the development of siRNAs as prophylaxis and therapy for influenza infection both in humans and animals., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2015
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6. Cancer mortality in Europe, 2000-2004, and an overview of trends since 1975.
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La Vecchia C, Bosetti C, Lucchini F, Bertuccio P, Negri E, Boyle P, and Levi F
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cause of Death trends, Child, Child, Preschool, Europe epidemiology, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Young Adult, Neoplasms mortality
- Abstract
Background: To update the pattern of cancer mortality in Europe., Materials and Methods: We analysed cancer mortality in 34 European countries during 2000-2004, with an overview of trends in 1975-2004 using data from the World Health Organization., Results: From 1990-1994 to 2000-2004, overall cancer mortality in the European Union declined from 185.2 to 168.0/100 000 (world standard, -9%) in men and from 104.8 to 96.9 (-8%) in women, with larger falls in middle age. Total cancer mortality trends were favourable, though to a variable degree, in all major European countries, including Russia, but not in Romania. The major determinants of these favourable trends were the decline of lung (-16%) and other tobacco-related cancers in men, together with the persistent falls in gastric cancer, and the recent appreciable falls in colorectal cancer. In women, relevant contributions came from the persistent decline in cervical cancer and the recent falls in breast cancer mortality, particularly in northern and western Europe. Favourable trends were also observed for testicular cancer, Hodgkin lymphomas, leukaemias, and other neoplasms amenable to treatment, though the reductions were still appreciably smaller in eastern Europe., Conclusion: This updated analysis of cancer mortality in Europe showed a persistent favourable trend over the last years.
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- 2010
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7. The recent decline in mortality from Hodgkin lymphomas in central and eastern Europe.
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Bosetti C, Levi F, Ferlay J, Lucchini F, Negri E, and La Vecchia C
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- Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Mortality trends, Hodgkin Disease mortality
- Abstract
Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a largely curable disease and its mortality had steadily declined in western Europe since the late 1960s. Only modest declines were, however, observed in central/eastern Europe., Materials and Methods: We updated trends in mortality from HL in various European areas up to 2004 and analyzed patterns in incidence for selected European countries providing national data., Results: In most western European countries, HL mortality continued to steadily decline up to the mid 2000s. More recent reductions were also observed in eastern European countries. Overall, mortality from HL declined from 1.17/100,000 (age-standardized, world population) in 1980-1989 to 1.42/100,000 in 2000-2004 in men from the 15 member states of the European Union (EU) from western and northern Europe. In the EU 10 accession countries of central and eastern Europe, male mortality from HL was 1.42/100,000 in 1980-1984, 1.32 in 1990-1994, and declined to 0.76 in 2000-2004. Similar trends were observed in women. No consistent patterns were found for HL incidence., Conclusions: The present work confirms the persistent declines in HL mortality in western European countries, and shows favorable patterns over more recent calendar years in central/eastern ones, where rates, however, are still at levels observed in western Europe in the early 1990s.
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- 2009
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8. Fetal liver cells transplanted in utero rescue the osteopetrotic phenotype in the oc/oc mouse.
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Tondelli B, Blair HC, Guerrini M, Patrene KD, Cassani B, Vezzoni P, and Lucchini F
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- Animals, Crosses, Genetic, DNA Primers, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Fetus, Genotype, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Inbred Strains, Osteopetrosis embryology, Osteopetrosis pathology, Phenotype, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Pregnancy, Fetal Tissue Transplantation, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Liver Transplantation, Mutation, Osteopetrosis genetics, Osteopetrosis surgery, Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases genetics
- Abstract
Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) is a group of genetic disorders that involve defects that preclude the normal function of osteoclasts, which differentiate from hematopoietic precursors. In half of human cases, ARO is the result of mutations in the TCIRG1 gene, which codes for a subunit of the vacuolar proton pump that plays a fundamental role in the acidification of the cell-bone interface. Functional mutations of this pump severely impair the resorption of bone mineral. Although postnatal hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can partially rescue the hematological phenotype of ARO, other stigmata of the disease, such as secondary neurological and growth defects, are not reversed. For this reason, ARO is a paradigm for genetic diseases that would benefit from effective prenatal treatment. Using the oc/oc mutant mouse, a murine model whose osteopetrotic phenotype closely recapitulates human TCIRG1-dependent ARO, we report that in utero transplantation of adult bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells can correct the ARO phenotype in a limited number of mice. Here we report that in utero injection of allogeneic fetal liver cells, which include hematopoietic stem cells, into oc/oc mouse fetuses at 13.5 days post coitum produces a high level of engraftment, and the oc/oc phenotype is completely rescued in a high percentage of these mice. Therefore, oc/oc pathology appears to be particularly sensitive to this form of early treatment of the ARO genetic disorder.
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- 2009
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9. Cancer mortality in the European Union, 1970-2003, with a joinpoint analysis.
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Bosetti C, Bertuccio P, Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, and La Vecchia C
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- Breast Neoplasms mortality, Colorectal Neoplasms mortality, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms mortality, Humans, Male, Mortality trends, Prostatic Neoplasms mortality, Regression Analysis, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, Stomach Neoplasms mortality, Survival Rate, Tobacco Use Cessation statistics & numerical data, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms mortality, Uterine Neoplasms mortality, European Union statistics & numerical data, Neoplasms mortality
- Abstract
Background: Cancer mortality peaked in the European Union (EU) in the late 1980s and declined thereafter., Materials and Methods: We analyzed EU cancer mortality data provided by the World Health Organization in 1970-2003, using join point analysis., Results: Overall, cancer mortality levelled off in men since 1988 and declined in 1993-2003 (annual percent change, APC = -1.3%). In women, a steady decline has been observed since the early 1970s. The decline in male cancer mortality has been driven by lung cancer, which levelled off since the late 1980s and declined thereafter (APC = 2.7% in 1997-2003). Recent decreases were also observed for other tobacco-related cancers, as oral cavity/pharynx, esophagus, larynx and bladder, as well as for colorectal (APC = -0.9% in 1992-2003) and prostate cancers (APC = -1.0% in 1994-2003). In women, breast cancer mortality levelled off since the early 1990s and declined thereafter (APC = -1.0% in 1998-2003). Female mortality declined through the period 1970-2003 for colorectal and uterine cancer, while it increased over the last three decades for lung cancer (APC = 4.6% in 2001-2003). In both sexes, mortality declined in 1970-2003 for stomach cancer and for a few cancers amenable to treatment., Conclusion: This update analysis of the mortality from cancer in the EU shows favorable patterns over recent years in both sexes.
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- 2008
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10. Worldwide mortality from cirrhosis: an update to 2002.
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Bosetti C, Levi F, Lucchini F, Zatonski WA, Negri E, and La Vecchia C
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- Age Distribution, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Americas epidemiology, Asia epidemiology, Causality, Comorbidity, Death Certificates, Europe epidemiology, Europe, Eastern epidemiology, Female, Hepatitis B epidemiology, Hepatitis C epidemiology, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis epidemiology, Male, Sex Distribution, Alcohol Drinking mortality, Global Health, Hepatitis B mortality, Hepatitis C mortality, Liver Cirrhosis mortality
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Background/aims: Cirrhosis mortality has registered large changes over the last few decades., Methods: Age-standardized (world standard) cirrhosis mortality rates per 100,000 were computed for 41 countries worldwide over the period 1980-2002 using data from the WHO mortality database., Results: In the early 1980s, the highest rates were in Mexico, Chile (around 55/100,000 men and over 14/100,000 women), France, Italy, Portugal, Austria, Hungary and Romania (around 30-35/100,000 men and 10-15/100,000 women). Mortality from cirrhosis has been steadily declining in most countries worldwide since the mid or late 1970s (annual percent change, APC, between -5% and -1.5% in the last decade only for both sexes). In southern Europe, rates in the early 2000s were less than halved compared to earlier decades. In contrast, rates have been rising in Eastern European countries to reach extremely high values in the mid 1990s, and declined only thereafter. In the UK rates were still steadily rising (APC around +7% in men and +3% in women from England and Wales, and +9% in men and +7% in women from Scotland)., Conclusions: Mortality from cirrhosis shows favourable trends in most countries of the world, following the reduction in alcohol consumption and hepatitis B and C virus infection. The steady upward trends observed over more recent calendar periods in the UK and central and eastern European countries are attributed to the persistent increase in the prevalence of alcohol consumption.
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- 2007
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11. Continuing declines in cancer mortality in the European Union.
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Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, and La Vecchia C
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- Age Distribution, Breast Neoplasms mortality, Europe epidemiology, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Intestinal Neoplasms mortality, Lung Neoplasms mortality, Male, Mortality trends, Prostatic Neoplasms mortality, Sex Distribution, Time Factors, European Union statistics & numerical data, Neoplasms mortality
- Abstract
Background: From 1988 to 1997 age-standardised total cancer mortality rates in the European Union (EU) fell by around 9% in both sexes. Available cancer mortality data in Europe up to 2002 allow a first check of the forecast of further declines in cancer mortality., Patients and Methods: We considered trends in age-standardised mortality from major cancer sites in the EU during the period 1980-2002., Results: For men, total cancer mortality, after a peak of 191.1/100,000 in 1987 declined to 177.8 in 1997 (-7%), and to 166.5 in 2002. Corresponding figures for females were 107.9/100,000, 100.5 and 95.2, corresponding to falls of 7% from 1987 to 1997, and to 5% from 1997 to 2002. Over the last 5 years, lung cancer declined by 1.9% per year in men, to reach 44.4/100,000, but increased by 1.7% in women, to reach 11.4. In 2002, for the first year, lung cancer mortality in women was higher than that for intestinal cancer (11.1/100,000), and lung cancer became the second site of cancer deaths in women after breast (17.9/100,000). From 1997 to 2002, appreciable declines were observed in mortality from intestinal cancer in men (-1.6% per year, to reach 18.8/100,000), and in women (-2.5%), as well as for breast (-1.7% per year) and prostate cancer (-1.4%)., Conclusions: Despite the persisting rises in female lung cancer, the recent trends in cancer mortality in the EU are encouraging and indicate that an 11% reduction in total cancer mortality from 2000 to 2015 is realistic and possible.
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- 2007
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12. Lung cancer mortality in European women: recent trends and perspectives.
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Bosetti C, Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, and La Vecchia C
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- Adult, Epidemiologic Studies, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Smoking adverse effects, Smoking Prevention, Lung Neoplasms mortality, Mortality trends
- Abstract
Background: Lung cancer mortality in men has been declining since the late 1980s in most European countries. In women, although rates are still appreciably lower than those for men, steady upward trends have been observed in most countries. To quantify the current and future lung cancer epidemic in European women, trends in lung cancer mortality in women over the last four decades were analyzed, with specific focus on the young., Patients and Methods: Age-standardized (world standard) lung cancer mortality rates per 100,000 women-at all ages, and truncated 35--64 and 20--44 years-were derived from the WHO for the European Union (EU) as a whole and for 33 separate European countries. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify points where a significant change in trends occurred., Results: In the EU overall, female lung cancer mortality rates rose by 23.8% between 1980--1981 and 1990--1991 (from 7.8 to 9.6/100,000), and by 16.1% thereafter, to reach the value of 11.2/100,000 in 2000--2001. Increases were smaller in the last decade in several countries. Only in England and Wales, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia and Ukraine did female lung cancer mortality show a decrease over the last decade. In several European countries, a decline in lung cancer mortality in young women (20--44 years) was observed over the last decade., Conclusions: Although female lung cancer mortality is still increasing in most European countries, the more favorable trends in young women over recent calendar years suggest that if effective interventions to control tobacco smoking in women are implemented, the lung cancer epidemic in European women will not reach the levels observed in the USA.
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- 2005
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13. Trends in cancer mortality in the European Union and accession countries, 1980-2000.
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Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, Zatonski W, Boyle P, and La Vecchia C
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- Europe, European Union, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Time Factors, Mortality trends, Neoplasms mortality
- Abstract
Cancer mortality rates and trends over the period 1980-2000 for accession countries to the European Union (EU) in May 2004, which include a total of 75 million inhabitants, were abstracted from the World Health Organization (WHO) database, together with, for comparative purposes, those of the current EU. Total cancer mortality for men was 166/100,000 in the EU, but ranged between 195 (Lithuania) and 269/100,000 (Hungary) in central and eastern European accession countries. This excess related to most cancer sites, including lung and other tobacco-related neoplasms, but also stomach, intestines and liver, and a few neoplasms amenable to treatment, such as testis, Hodgkin's disease and leukaemias. Overall cancer mortality for women was 95/100,000 in the EU, and ranged between 100 and 110/100,000 in several central and eastern European countries, and up to 120/100,000 in the Czech Republic and 138/100,000 in Hungary. The latter two countries had a substantial excess in female mortality for lung cancer, but also for several other sites. Furthermore, for stomach and especially (cervix) uteri, female rates were substantially higher in central and eastern European accession countries. Over the last two decades, trends in mortality were systematically less favourable in accession countries than in the EU. Most of the unfavourable patterns and trends in cancer mortality in accession countries are due to recognised, and hence potentially avoidable, causes of cancer, including tobacco, alcohol, dietary habits, pollution and hepatitis B, plus inadequate screening, diagnosis and treatment. Consequently, the application of available knowledge on cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment may substantially reduce the disadvantage now registered in the cancer mortality of central and eastern European accession countries.
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- 2004
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14. Declining mortality from kidney cancer in Europe.
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Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, and La Vecchia C
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- Adult, Age Factors, Carcinoma, Renal Cell epidemiology, Carcinoma, Renal Cell mortality, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Kidney Neoplasms mortality, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality trends, Sex Factors, Time Factors, Kidney Neoplasms epidemiology
- Abstract
Mortality rates from kidney cancer increased throughout Europe up until the late 1980s or early 1990s. Trends in western European countries, the European Union (EU) and selected central and eastern European countries have been updated using official death certification data for kidney cancer abstracted from the World Health Organisation (WHO) database over the period 1980-1999. In EU men, death rates increased from 3.92 per 100,000 (age standardised, world standard) in 1980-81 to 4.63 in 1994-95, and levelled off at 4.15 thereafter. In women, corresponding values were 1.86 in 1980-81, 2.04 in 1994-95 and 1.80 in 1998-99. Thus, the fall in kidney cancer mortality over the last 5 years was over 10% for both sexes in the EU. The largest falls were in countries with highest mortality in the early 1990s, such as Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands. Kidney cancer rates levelled off, but remained very high, in the Czech Republic, Baltic countries, Hungary, Poland and other central European countries. Thus, in the late 1990s, a greater than three-fold difference in kidney cancer mortality was observed between the highest rates in the Czech Republic, the Baltic Republics and Hungary, and the lowest ones in Romania, Portugal and Greece. Tobacco smoking is the best recognised risk factor for kidney cancer, and the recent trends in men, mainly in western Europe, can be related to a reduced prevalence of smoking among men. Tobacco, however, cannot account for the recent trends registered in women.
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- 2004
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15. Trends in oral cancer mortality in Europe.
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La Vecchia C, Lucchini F, Negri E, and Levi F
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- Adult, Aged, Death Certificates, Europe epidemiology, European Union, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality trends, Pharyngeal Neoplasms mortality, Sex Factors, Mouth Neoplasms mortality
- Abstract
Mortality from oral cancer has been rising appreciably in most European countries up to the late 1980s, essentially for men. To update trends in oral cancer, death certification data from oral and pharyngeal cancer for 27 European countries were abstracted and analysed from the WHO mortality database over the period 1980-99. Oral cancer mortality in men has started to decline since the late 1980s in most western countries, although some persisting upward trends were registered for Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Portugal, or Scotland. Persisting rises were observed for most central and eastern Europe up to the mid 1990s, reaching exceedingly high rates in Hungary (20.2/100000 at all ages, 51.4 at age 35-64), Slovakia, Slovenia, and the Russian Federation. Some levelling of rates in some countries, such as Poland or the Czech Republic, was observed over more recent calendar years. Oral cancer was low, but moderately upwards in European women, mainly from central and eastern Europe. These trends should be essentially interpreted in terms of patterns and changes in exposure to alcohol and tobacco, and call for urgent control of these factors, as well as for improved diagnosis and management of oral cancer in central and eastern Europe.
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- 2004
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16. Processed meat and the risk of selected digestive tract and laryngeal neoplasms in Switzerland.
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Levi F, Pasche C, Lucchini F, Bosetti C, and La Vecchia C
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- Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Switzerland, Diet, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms etiology, Laryngeal Neoplasms etiology, Meat Products adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Processed meat has been related to the risk of digestive tract neoplasms but the evidence remains inconclusive. We examined data from a network of case-control studies conducted between 1992 and 2002 in the Swiss Canton of Vaud., Patients and Methods: We studied 316 patients with incident, histologically confirmed oral and pharyngeal cancer, 138 patients with oesophageal cancer, 91 patients with laryngeal cancer and 323 patients with colorectal cancer. Controls were 1271 subjects admitted to the same hospital for a wide spectrum of acute non-neoplastic conditions, unrelated to long-term modification of diet., Results: There were strong direct trends in risk between consumption of processed meat and the various neoplasms considered: the multivariate odds ratios for the highest quartile of intake compared to the lowest were 4.7 for oral and pharyngeal cancer, 4.5 for oesophageal cancer, 3.4 for laryngeal cancer and 2.5 for colorectal cancer. The association was stronger in younger subjects, in moderate drinkers and in non-smokers., Conclusion: Processed meat represents a strong indicator of unfavourable diet for digestive tract and laryngeal cancer risk in this population.
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- 2004
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17. Monitoring falls in gastric cancer mortality in Europe.
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Levi F, Lucchini F, Gonzalez JR, Fernandez E, Negri E, and La Vecchia C
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- Adult, Death Certificates, Epidemiologic Studies, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Russia epidemiology, Mortality trends, Stomach Neoplasms mortality
- Abstract
We have considered trends in age-standardized mortality from gastric cancer in 25 individual European countries, as well as in the European Union (EU) as a whole, in six selected central-eastern European countries and in the Russian Federation over the period 1950-1999. Steady and persisting falls in rates were observed, and the fall between 1980 and 1999 was approximately 50% in the EU, 45% in eastern Europe and 40% in Russia. However, the declines were greater in Russia and eastern Europe, since rates were much higher, in absolute terms. Joinpoint regression analysis indicated that the falls were proportionally greater in the last decade for men (-3.83% per year in the EU) and in the last 25 years for women (-3.67% per year in the EU) than in previous calendar years. Moreover, steady declines in gastric cancer mortality were observed in the middle-aged and the young population as well, suggesting that they are likely to persist in the near future. In terms of number of deaths avoided, however, the impact of the decline in gastric cancer mortality will be smaller, particularly in the EU.
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- 2004
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18. Mortality from major cancer sites in the European Union, 1955-1998.
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Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, Boyle P, and La Vecchia C
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Death Certificates, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Lung Neoplasms epidemiology, Lung Neoplasms mortality, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, World Health Organization, Mortality trends, Neoplasms mortality
- Abstract
After long-term rises, over the last decade age-standardised mortality from most common cancer sites has fallen in the European Union (EU). For males, the fall was 11% for lung and intestines, 12% for bladder, 6% for oral cavity and pharynx, and 5% for oesophagus. For females, the fall was 7% for breast and 21% for intestines. There were also persisting declines in stomach cancer (30% in both sexes), uterus (mainly cervix, -26%) and leukaemias (-10%). Mortality rates for other common neoplasms, including pancreas for both sexes, prostate and ovary, tended to stabilise. The only unfavourable trends were observed for female lung cancer (+15%). Lung cancer rates in women from the EU are approximately one-third of those in the USA, and 50% lower than breast cancer rates in the EU. Lung cancer rates in European women have also tended to stabilise below the age of 75 years. Thus, effective interventions on tobacco control could, in principle, avoid a major lung cancer epidemic in European women.
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- 2003
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19. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer.
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Levi F, Pasche C, Lucchini F, and La Vecchia C
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- Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Colorectal Neoplasms chemically induced, Contraceptives, Oral adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Only limited information and understanding are available on the potential relation between oral contraceptive use and the risk of colorectal cancer. Further data on the issue are therefore useful and may help informed choice of contraception., Methods and Results: Data were derived from a case-control study of colorectal cancer conducted between 1992 and 2001 in the Swiss Canton of Vaud, including 131 women with colorectal cancer and 373 controls admitted in the same hospital as the cases with diagnosis of acute, non-neoplastic disease, unrelated to long-term modification of diet. Oral contraceptive use was reported by 11% of cases versus 17% of controls, corresponding to multivariate odds ratio of 0.8 (95% CI: 0.4-1.7). The odds ratio was non-significantly below unity across strata of duration, time since first and last oral contraceptive use., Conclusion: These findings add further evidence on a possible inverse relation between oral contraceptive and colorectal cancer risk.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Lung cancer mortality in European regions (1955-1997).
- Author
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Borràs JM, Fernandez E, Gonzalez JR, Negri E, Lucchini F, La Vecchia C, and Levi F
- Subjects
- Databases, Factual, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms etiology, Male, Mortality trends, Sex Distribution, World Health Organization, Lung Neoplasms mortality
- Abstract
Background: The different spread of tobacco smoking across European countries has caused a substantial variability in lung cancer mortality. The objective of this investigation was to analyse the trends in lung cancer mortality rates in three broad European regions (Northern and Western countries, Eastern countries, and Mediterranean countries) during the second half of the 20th century., Patients and Methods: Mortality data were obtained from the World Health Organisation database. Lung cancer mortality rates were age-standardised by the direct method to the world standard population. Trends from 1955 to 1997 were assessed by means of joinpoint regression analysis., Results: In men, rates in Eastern Europe increased to reach in the 1990s the highest values ever registered, while downward trends were observed in Northern and Western Europe since 1979, and in Mediterranean countries since the 1990s. In women, upward trends were observed in the three regions considered for the whole period., Conclusions: Different smoking prevalences over time explain the shift of almost one decade in the trends in Mediterranean men as compared with Northern and other Western European men. The persisting upward trends in women in the three regions are of concern.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Glycaemic index, breast and colorectal cancer.
- Author
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Levi F, Pasche C, Lucchini F, Bosetti C, and La Vecchia C
- Subjects
- Aged, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Breast Neoplasms physiopathology, Case-Control Studies, Colorectal Neoplasms epidemiology, Colorectal Neoplasms physiopathology, Diet, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Switzerland epidemiology, Breast Neoplasms etiology, Colorectal Neoplasms etiology, Dietary Carbohydrates adverse effects, Glycemic Index
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Macronutrients and colorectal cancer: a Swiss case-control study.
- Author
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Levi F, Pasche C, Lucchini F, and La Vecchia C
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Colonic Neoplasms epidemiology, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Dietary Proteins administration & dosage, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Rectal Neoplasms epidemiology, Switzerland epidemiology, Colonic Neoplasms etiology, Diet adverse effects, Rectal Neoplasms etiology
- Abstract
Background: A role of energy and various nutrients, including protein, sugar, saturated and unsaturated fats, in colorectal cancer risk has been suggested, but should be better defined., Patients and Methods: The association between dietary intake of various macronutrients and colorectal cancer risk was analysed using data from a case-control study conducted between 1992 and 2000 in the Swiss Canton of Vaud. The study comprised 286 case subjects (174 males, 112 females; median age 65 years) with incident, histologically confirmed colon (n = 149) or rectal (n = 137) cancer, and 550 control subjects (269 males, 281 females; median age 59 years) admitted to the same University Hospital for a wide spectrum of acute non-neoplastic conditions. Dietary habits were investigated using a validated food frequency questionnaire, including questions on 79 foods or recipes and on individual fat intake pattern. Multivariate odds ratios (OR) were obtained after allowance for age, sex, education, physical activity and energy intake., Results: The risk of colon and rectal cancer increased with total energy intake (OR in highest and lowest tertile, 2.0 and 2.2, respectively). There was no significant relation with starches or proteins, a significant inverse relation with sugars (OR for the highest tertile, 0.5), a direct trend in risk of borderline significance for saturated fats (OR = 1.4 for the highest tertile), and significant inverse trends for monounsaturated (OR = 0.6) and polyunsaturated fats (OR = 0.6)., Conclusions: These findings confirm that energy intake is directly related to colorectal cancer risk, and that different types of fat may have different roles in colorectal carcinogenesis.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Changed trends of cancer mortality in the elderly.
- Author
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Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, Boyle P, and La Vecchia C
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Epidemiologic Studies, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Japan epidemiology, Male, Sex Factors, United States epidemiology, Aging, Mortality trends, Neoplasms mortality
- Abstract
Background: Trends in cancer mortality for the elderly have long been unfavourable., Materials and Methods: Mortality from 12 major cancer sites, plus total cancer mortality at age 65-84 in 23 European countries, the US and Japan was analyzed., Results: Between the late 1980s and the late 1990s total cancer mortality at age 65 to 84 has been declining in the European Union (UE) (-5.5% in males, -4.5% in females), in United States (US) males (-2.3%), but not females (+4.4%), and in Japanese females (-5.6%), but not males (+6.3%). Cancer mortality in the elderly rose for both sexes in eastern Europe. Gastric cancer mortality declined in all the areas. Lung cancer rates declined over the last decade by 8.5% in males in the EU. and by 0.9% in the US. Rates were still increasing in eastern Europe, in Japanese males and in females in all areas. Pancreatic mortality rates were increasing in both sexes in the EU and Japan up to the late 1980s, and in eastern Europe up to the 1990s, whereas rates for US males have been declining over recent years. Breast cancer mortality has declined over the last decade by 8% in the US and by 3% in the EU, while it has risen in eastern Europe and in Japan. Mortality from breast and prostate as well as ovarian cancer remained however low in elderly Japanese. Prostate cancer mortality declined in the EU and in the US, whereas it rose in eastern Europe and in Japan. Mortality from lymphomas and multiple myeloma rose in both sexes and various geographic areas, but improved diagnosis and certification may have played a role in these trends. Mortality from leukemia in the elderly increased in eastern Europe and Japan. but was stable in the US and the EU., Conclusions: Cancer mortality in the elderly has stopped systematically rising, and is on the decline in males since the late 1980s.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Western and eastern European trends in testicular cancer mortality.
- Author
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Levi F, La Vecchia C, Boyle P, Lucchini F, and Negri E
- Subjects
- Adult, Europe epidemiology, Europe, Eastern epidemiology, Humans, Male, Survival Analysis, Cause of Death, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Testicular Neoplasms mortality
- Abstract
Testicular cancer is curable if treated appropriately. We used national mortality data to compare specific death rates from the disorder in western and eastern Europe, the USA, and Japan. Testicular cancer mortality rates have fallen by about 70% in the USA and western Europe since the 1970s. In eastern Europe, however, death rates from testicular cancer have been declining only since the late 1980s, and at a much slower rate than that recorded elsewhere (about 20%). Consequently, many avoidable deaths, mainly in young adults, are still occurring in eastern Europe. Available effective treatment strategies for testicular cancer must be implemented in these countries.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Agenesis of the scapula in Emx2 homozygous mutants.
- Author
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Pellegrini M, Pantano S, Fumi MP, Lucchini F, and Forabosco A
- Subjects
- Animals, Collagen genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Homeodomain Proteins genetics, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Mutation, Paired Box Transcription Factors, RNA, Messenger analysis, Transcription Factors genetics, Homeodomain Proteins physiology, Ilium abnormalities, Scapula abnormalities
- Abstract
The shoulder and pelvic girdles represent the proximal bones of the appendicular skeleton that connect the anterior and posterior limbs to the body trunk. Although the limb is a well-known model in developmental biology, the genetic mechanisms controlling the development of the more proximal elements of the appendicular skeleton are still unknown. The knock-out of Pax1 has shown that this gene is involved in patterning the acromion, while the expression pattern candidates Hoxc6 as a gene involved in scapula development. Surprisingly, we have found that scapula and ilium do not develop in Emx2 knock-out mice. In the homozygous mutants, developmental abnormalities of the brain cortex, the most anterior structure of the primary axis of the body, are associated with important defects of the girdles, the more proximal elements of the secondary axis. These abnormalities suggest that the molecular mechanisms patterning the more proximal elements of the limb axis are different from those patterning the rest of appendicular skeleton. While Hox genes specify the different segments of the more distal part of the appendicular skeleton forming the limb, Emx2 is concerned with the more proximal elements constituting the girdles., (Copyright 2001 Academic Press.)
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Urinary bladder cancer death rates in Europe.
- Author
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La Vecchia C, Lucchini F, Negri E, and Levi F
- Subjects
- Adult, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms mortality
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Trends in mortality from cancer in the European Union, 1955-94.
- Author
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Levi F, Lucchini F, La Vecchia C, and Negri E
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms mortality, Male, Middle Aged, Cause of Death, European Union statistics & numerical data, Neoplasms mortality
- Abstract
Over the past few years, age-standardised mortality rates have levelled off or declined for most cancer sites in the European Union, with the main exception of lung cancer in women.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Declining cancer mortality in European Union.
- Author
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Levi F, La Vecchia C, Negri E, and Lucchini F
- Subjects
- European Union, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms mortality, Male, Neoplasms mortality
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Trends in mortality from nonneoplastic gallbladder disease.
- Author
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La Vecchia C, Levi F, Lucchini F, and Franceschi S
- Subjects
- Adult, Americas epidemiology, Asia epidemiology, Australia epidemiology, Bias, Cholelithiasis mortality, Cholelithiasis surgery, Death Certificates, Europe epidemiology, Female, Gallbladder surgery, Gallbladder Diseases surgery, Humans, Information Systems, Male, Middle Aged, New Zealand epidemiology, Reproducibility of Results, Sex Factors, World Health Organization, Gallbladder Diseases mortality
- Abstract
Trends in mortality rates from gallstones and other nonneoplastic gallbladder and biliary tract diseases between 1955 and 1990 for 38 countries (8 from America, 3 from Asia, 25 from Europe, Australia, and New Zealand) were analyzed. Age-adjusted mortality rates standardized on the world population were computed from official death certifications derived from the World Health Organization database. There were generalized and substantial declines in the rates in both sexes and all countries considered, except for males in Czechoslovakia and Poland. Over the calendar period considered, the average declines were over 70% for males and over 80% for females in North America, over 60% for males and 70% for females in Latin America, although mortality remained relatively high in Chile. The declines were 80% for both sexes in Japan and over 70% for males and 80% for females in Australia. The pattern was more heterogeneous in Europe, with decreases of approximately 70 to 80% in northern Europe, but more modest in central and southern Europe, with particularly moderate downward trends for males. In several countries the decreases were rather steady over the calendar period considered, but in a few others the decline was restricted or larger during the most recent calendar period. The trends in gallstone and other gallbladder disease mortality in various areas are affected by differences and potential biases in death certification reliability, and by underlying variations and changes in the prevalence of gallstones and gallbladder surgical removal. A likely interpretation for the generalized decline in mortality over the last calendar period is, however, improved diagnosis and treatment of gallstone disease.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Worldwide patterns and trends in mortality from liver cirrhosis, 1955 to 1990.
- Author
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La Vecchia C, Levi F, Lucchini F, Franceschi S, and Negri E
- Subjects
- Female, Global Health, Humans, Male, Mortality trends, Liver Cirrhosis mortality
- Abstract
Trends in mortality rates for liver cirrhosis between 1955 and 1990 have been analyzed for 38 countries (two from North America, six from Latin America, five from Asia, 23 from Europe, and Australia and New Zealand) on the basis of official death certification data derived from the World Health Organization database. Chile and Mexico had exceedingly high rates (around 60/100,000 males and 15/100,000 females in the late 1980s), while in Canada, the United States, and Latin American countries that provided data, cirrhosis death rates were between 5 and 17/100,000 males and 3 and 5/100,000 females over the same calendar period. The pattern of trends was, however, similar in all American countries, with some increase between the 1950s and the 1970s, and declines thereafter. A similar trend was observed in Japanese males, whose rate was 13.6 in 1990. Conversely, cirrhosis mortality declined steadily from 8.0 to 4.6 in Japanese females. Appreciable downward trends were observed in Hong Kong and Singapore, whereas mortality increased in Thailand. In Europe, in the late 1950s, the highest rates were registered in Portugal (33.6/100,000 males and 14.6/100,000 females), followed by France (31.8/100,000 males and 14.1/100,000 females), Austria, Italy, Spain, and Germany. Most of these countries, however, after some further rise up to the 1970s, showed reversal of the trends over most recent years. Thus, in the late 1980s or early 1990s, only Austria, Italy, and Portugal had cirrhosis mortality around 30/100,000 males and 10/100,000 females. Britain, Ireland, and Nordic countries started from much lower values (2 to 4/100,000 males), but showed some, although discontinuous, upward trend.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Trends in diet-related cancers in Japan: a conundrum?
- Author
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Boyle P, Levi F, Lucchini F, La Vecchia C, Kevi R corrected to Levi F], and Lucchuni F corrected to Lucchini F]
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Cohort Studies, Dietary Fats adverse effects, Female, Humans, Japan epidemiology, Male, Meat adverse effects, Middle Aged, Mortality trends, Breast Neoplasms mortality, Colorectal Neoplasms mortality, Diet adverse effects, Prostatic Neoplasms mortality
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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