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1. Which comes first? New insights on comorbidity between eating disorders and bipolar disorders

Author

Ambra Craba, Marianna Mazza, Giuseppe Marano, Lucio Rinaldi, Gabriele Sani, and Luigi Janiri

Subjects
Bipolar disorders, Eating disorders, Comorbidity, Prognostic impact, Aetiopathology, Personalized medicine, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

Aims: Bipolar disorders (BDs) and eating disorders (EDs) are both common and severe mental illness and present wide areas of symptomatological overlap. The present study aims to focus on the most significant aspects of this comorbidity. Methods: This review summarizes epidemiology, aethiopathology, prognostic impact, assessment, treatment of comorbidity between BDs and EDs, and comorbidity between bipolar or eating disorders and other psychiatric disorders. We have reviewed articles published in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, ScienceDirect from 2005 to 2020 concerning comorbidity between eating and bipolar disorders, and systematic reviews or metanalysis on comorbidities between EDs or BDs and other psychiatric disorders. Results: Studies that specifically evaluate the prevalence of EDs in patients with bipolar disorder are more than the studies that investigate the opposite. In BDs, binge eating disorder (BED) represents the most common eating disorder with a prevalence ranging from 8,8% to 28,8%, whereas BN has a prevalence ranging from 4,8% to 10%, and AN from 1% to 7,4%. Instead, in ED patients, prevalence of bipolar disorders ranges from 11,5% to 68.1%.The relationship between EDs and BDs has not been yet investigated enough and consequently has not been totally understood. The presence of EDs has been considered as a marker of clinical severity in patients with bipolar disorders, whereas the presence of bipolar disorder in patients with EDs seems not to have a considerable effect on the age at onset of ED symptoms and on their severity. Comorbidities between EDs or BDs and other psychiatric disorders were also examined. Discussion: Given the strong co-occurrence of eating and bipolar disorder, the treatment for one of these should consider that the other one may co-exist, and therefore should focus on both of them. In patients suffering from one of these disorders, the early screening for the other one should be made. As for pharmacological treatment, it is mandatory to consider that pharmacological treatment effective for one of the two disorders could worsen symptoms of the other, for instance many psychotropic medications could cause weight gain. Further studies are needed to reach an early diagnosis through the development of screening tools, and to deepen aspects of this comorbidity that remain still unknown with particular regard to pharmacological treatment and to biopsychological aspects that might be useful in determining the aetiopathology.

Published
2021
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2. Contributors

Author

Fayeza S. Ahmed, Abit Aktas, Eyad M.T. Ali, Gamze Altun, Belmira Lara da Silveira Andrade-da-Costa, Ruth H. Asch, Ricielle Lopes Augusto, Graciela Avitia, Mario Barbagallo, Olivia E. Bogucki, John William Capps, Sabrina Castellano, Carol L. Cheatham, Andrea J. Connor, Lisette C.P.G.M. de Groot, Ricardo Augusto de Melo Reis, Raphael Fabricio de Souza, Peter J. Dearborn, Ligia J. Dominguez, Andrew Elagizi, Merrill F. Elias, H.M. Francis, Hércules Rezende Freitas, Fabio Galvano, Grace E. Giles, Justyna Godos, Jacqueline F. Gould, Giuseppe Grosso, Christine Heberden, Alinny Rosendo Isaac, Hiroyasu Iso, Luigi Janiri, Corinne Joffre, Semra Kaçar, Robin B. Kanarek, Arife Ahsen Kaplan, Süleyman Kaplan, Junhwan Kim, Elfide Gizem Kıvrak, M. Yulianto Kurniawan, Cyrus E. Kuschner, Carl J. Lavie, Sophie Layé, Rafael Longhi, Yolanda Loya Méndez, Caroline R. Mahoney, Gisele Gus Manfro, Giuseppe Marano, Tomislav Mašek, Elise Maximin, Marianna Mazza, Salvatore Mazza, Robert K. McNamara, Humberto Milani, Robert R. Miller, Utako Murai, Agnès Nadjar, Daniela Velasquez Oliveira, Marissa Owen, Georg Reiser, Charlotte Rey, Veronica Portillo Reyes, Gilberto Reyes Leal, Danitsa Marcos Rodrigues, Erika Rodriguez-Guzman, Christine Scanlan, Peter Schönfeld, Kelly W. Sheppard, Patrícia Pelufo Silveira, Vikas Singh, Lisa G. Smithers, R.J. Stevenson, Vasanti Suvarna, Gianandrea Traversi, Rie Usuki, Ondine van de Rest, Kathryn VanEgmond, Jennifer L. Watts, Taylor K. Wessel, Tsukasa Yagi, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Kıymet Kübra Yurt, and Charles N. Zawatsky

Published
2019
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3. Alcoholism in Bipolar Disorders: An Overview of Epidemiology, Common Pathogenetic Pathways, Course of Disease, and Implications for Treatment

Author

Isabella Panaccione, Lorenzo Moccia, Vittoria Rachele Ferri, Marco Di Nicola, and Luigi Janiri

Subjects
Divalproex, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Addiction, media_common.quotation_subject, Alcohol use disorder, medicine.disease, Impulsivity, Comorbidity, Group psychotherapy, Mood, mental disorders, medicine, Bipolar disorder, medicine.symptom, Psychiatry, business, media_common
Abstract

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) represents a frequent comorbidity in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), with a prevalence rate of 30%–35%. AUD and BD show common genetic and neurophysiological pathways. Alcohol misuse negatively affects long-term mood stability, influencing several neurotransmitter functions and disrupting sleep architecture. Alcohol may also aggravate bipolar disorder neuro-progression via oxidative stress. Allostatic changes in the brain reward system may render BD patients more vulnerable to drug addiction. Patients with AUD-BD comorbidity show earlier onset, a more severe course of illness, higher impulsivity levels, worse treatment response, and increased suicide risk compared to patients with BD alone. Despite the prevalence and clinical impact of AUD-BD comorbidity, there is still a lack of evidence on effective treatments for patients with AUD and BD. Divalproex is the only medication that has been found significantly effective in reducing alcohol intake in bipolar patients. Psychotherapy and Integrated Group Therapy are also indicated.

Published
2019
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4. List of Contributors

Author

Ricardo Abadie-Guedes, Paula Abate, Charles W. Abbott, Elio Acquas, Samuel F. Acuff, Bonnie Alberry, Paula A. Albrecht, Kiyoshi Ameno, Jackie Andrade, Asier Angulo-Alcalde, Justin J. Anker, Liana Asatryan, Dragan Babić, Jessica A. Baker, Alex Bekker, Richard L. Bell, Susan E. Bergeson, Ranilson de Souza Bezerra, Claudia D. Bianco, Joël Billieux, Henry L. Blanton, Nadka Ivanova Boyadjieva, Anna Brancato, Patricia S. Brocardo, Salvatore Campanella, Liliana M. Cancela, Carla Cannizzaro, Valerie Cardenas, Verónica Casañas-Sánchez, Patricia A. Cesconetto, Magali Chartier, Lucie Chevillard, Adriano Chiò, Doo-Sup Choi, M. Gabriela Chotro, Jason M. Coates, Alessandra Concas, Jason P. Connor, Mercè Correa, María-Teresa Cortés-Tomás, Victor Diego Cupertino Costa, Daryl L. Davies, Antônio-Carlos Guimarães de Almeida, Arthur Guerra de Andrade, Antonio Gomes de Castro-Neto, Pollyanna Fausta Pimentel de Medeiros, Rani De Troyer, Aurelie De Vos, Ashley A. Dennhardt, Romina Deza-Ponzio, Marco Di Nicola, Mario Díaz, Robert Didden, Julian Dilley, Manuel Alves dos Santos, Donald M. Dougherty, Fabien D’Hondt, Fabrizio D’Ovidio, Magí Farré, Gerald F.X. Feeney, George Fein, Vittoria Rachele Ferri, Janice Froehlich, Mirari Gaztañaga, John Germov, Fabien Gierski, Joana Gil-Mohapel, José-Antonio Giménez-Costa, Rueben Gonzales, Emilio Gonzalez-Arnay, Emilio González-Reimers, Keshamalini Gopalsamy, Judith E. Grisel, Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes, Josée Guindon, Matthew J. Gullo, Kristin M. Hamre, Jaanus Harro, Julie Hepworth, Karla Hernández-Fonseca, Nathalie Hill-Kapturczak, Kelly J. Huffman, Nhat Huynh, Baharudin Ibrahim, Bruce Imbert, Asuka Ito, Michael W. Jakowec, Mostofa Jamal, Luigi Janiri, Martin A. Javors, Jérôme Jeanblanc, Sarah Jesse, Jorge Juárez, Chella Kamarajan, Seungwoo Kang, Dalibor Karlović, Tara E. Karns-Wright, Victor Karpyak, David J. Kavanagh, Sheraz Khoja, Hiroshi Kinoshita, Haruki Koike, Nathan J. Kolla, L. Darren Kruisselbrink, Matt G. Kushner, Séverine Lannoy, Philippe Laramée, Rose Leontini, Annukka K. Lindell, Jo Lindsay, Laura López-Cruz, Marisa Lopez-Cruzan, Lu Lu, Albert Ludolph, Danielle Macedo, Umberto Manera, Marko Martinac, Candelaria Martín-González, Mara S. Mattalloni, Pierre Maurage, Jon May, Gavan P. McNally, Bruno Mégarbane, Milagros Méndez, Lorenzo Moccia, Luz M. Molina-Martínez, Daniel J. Morgan, A. Leslie Morrow, Robert Muga, Eva M. Müller-Oehring, James G. Murphy, Mickael Naassila, Todd B. Nentwig, Sudan P. Neupane, Emily Nicholson, Isabella Panaccione, Arturo Panduro, Esther Papaseit, Ricardo Marcos Pautassi, Alessandra T. Peana, José A. Pérez, O. Pierrefiche, Patrizia Porcu, Simona Porru, Asheeta A. Prasad, Victor R. Preedy, Geraldine Quintero-Platt, David Quinto-Alemany, Shafiqur Rahman, Rajkumar Rajendram, Rossana Carla Rameh-de-Albuquerque, Omar Ramos-Lopez, Linda Richter, Ingrid Rivera-Iñiguez, Mario Rivera-Meza, John D. Roache, Antônio Márcio Rodrigues, David J. Rohac, Benjamin Rolland, Sonia Roman, Lucía Romero-Acevedo, John D. Salamone, Francisco Santolaria-Fernández, Luiz Eduardo Canton Santos, Arantza Sanvisens, Youssef Sari, Simona Scheggi, Toni Schofield, Elisa Schröder, Tilman Schulte, Carla Alessandra Scorza, Fúlvio Alexandre Scorza, Nimisha Shiwalkar, Shiva M. Singh, Caren Nádia Soares de Sousa, Christophe Stove, Saranya Sundaram, Sian Supski, Ayaka Takakura, Naoko Tanaka, Claire Tanner, Roberta Uchôa, Mariliis Vaht, Maria Lozanova Valcheva-Traykova, Neomi van Duijvenbode, Joanne E.L. VanDerNagel, Miroslava Georgieva Varadinova, Germana Silva Vasconcelos, Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos, Meera Vaswani, Ashley A. Vena, Miriam B. Virgolini, Christine C. Wang, Katheryn Wininger, Ayako Yamashita, Jiang-Hong Ye, Shin-ichi Yoshioka, Ross McD. Young, Ali M. Yurasek, Ariane Zamoner, Paola Zuluaga, and Wanhong Zuo

Published
2019
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5. Neurobiological Meaning of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Potential Role in the Treatment of Schizophrenia

Author

Salvatore Mazza, Marianna Mazza, Luigi Janiri, Giuseppe Marano, and Gianandrea Traversi

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Human organism, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Chronic persistent, medicine.disease, Bioinformatics, behavioral disciplines and activities, Pharmacological treatment, Human health, chemistry, Schizophrenia, mental disorders, medicine, Delirium, medicine.symptom, Antipsychotic, business, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder characterized by hallucinations, delirium, behavioral disorders, and a variable range of chronic persistent symptoms. The mainstay in the pharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia is represented by antipsychotic agents. Nevertheless, an increasing body of evidence suggests that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may improve the course and symptoms of schizophrenia. Omega-3 fatty acids are necessary for the human organism to develop and function optimally, in maintaining normal physiological conditions, and, consequently, in human health. Therefore, its intake is very important through all stages of life. The current paper discusses the growing body of research examining the relationship between schizophrenia and omega-3 fatty acids that supports the efficacy of polyunsaturated fatty acids as a supplemental treatment.

Published
2019
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6. The dimensional assessment of personality in pathologic and social gamblers: the role of novelty seeking and self-transcendence

Author

Pietro Bria, Valeria Poli, Luigi Janiri, Emanuela Giametta, Giovanni Martinotti, and Sara Andreoli

Subjects
Adult, Male, Parents, musculoskeletal diseases, Self-transcendence, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Adolescent, Personality Inventory, Substance-Related Disorders, lcsh:RC435-571, media_common.quotation_subject, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, lcsh:Psychiatry, medicine, Personality, Humans, Big Five personality traits, Psychiatry, Temperament, media_common, Aged, urogenital system, Cooperativeness, Novelty seeking, Middle Aged, Self Concept, carbohydrates (lipids), Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Logistic Models, Italy, Case-Control Studies, Gambling, Exploratory Behavior, Temperament and Character Inventory, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Personality Assessment Inventory, Psychology
Abstract

Objective A few personality traits are characteristic of pathologic gamblers (PGs), but it is not clear if and how their personality profile differs from that of non-pathologic gamblers (non-PGs). Methods Sixty-five non-clinical subjects, differentiated into non-PGs and PGs with the means of the South Oak Gambling Screen (SOGS) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fourth Edition–Text Revision ( DSM-IV-TR ) criteria, were administered with the Temperament and Character Inventory; their values were compared with those of control subjects (CS). Results Novelty seeking (NS) and self-transcendence (ST) values were higher whereas self-directedness and cooperativeness values were lower in PGs with respect to both non-PGs and CS. A positive correlation was noted between SOGS score and NS ( r = 0.40) and ST ( r = 0.50) values, as well as a significant positive dependence between SOGS score and a family history of gambling ( t = 2.816; P = .007). The subsamples of PGs reporting a parental involvement in gambling showed higher NS than the remaining PGs. Conclusions Specific temperamental and character dimensions, especially NS and ST, differentiated PGs from both non-PGs and CS; the identification of a personality profile at risk for problem gambling may represent an important predictor of outcome and constitute a possible target for specific treatment approaches.

Published
2006

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