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Momordica charantia L. is a kind of vegetable with medicinal value. As the main component of the vegetable, Momordica charantia polysaccharides (MCPs) mainly consist of galactose, galacturonic acid, xylose, rhamnose, mannose and the molecular weight range is 4.33 × 10 3 -1.16 × 10 6  Da. MCPs have been found to have various biological activities in recent years, such as anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-brain injury, anti-obesity, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammation. In this review, we systematically summarized the extraction methods, structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of MCPs. Especially MCPs modulate gut microbiota and cause the alterations of metabolic products, which can regulate different signaling pathways and target gene expressions to exert various functions. Meanwhile, the potential structure-activity relationships of MCPs were analyzed to provide a scientific basis for better development or modification of MCPs. Future researches on MCPs should focus on industrial extraction and molecular mechanisms. In East Asia, Momordica charantia L. is used as both food and medicine. It is not clear whether MCP has its unique biological effects. Further study on the difference between MCPs and other food-derived polysaccharides will be helpful to the development and potential application of Momordica charantia L., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The ecological restoration of rare earth mines and the management of rare earth tailings have consistently posed global challenges, constraining the development of the rare earth industry. In this study, Zeolite A is efficiently prepared from the tailings of an ion-type rare earth mine in the southern Jiangxi Province of China. The resulting Zeolite A boasts exceptional qualities, including high crystallinity, a substantial specific surface area, and robust thermal stability. The optimum conditions for Zeolite synthesis are experimental determination and the adsorption properties of Zeolite A for typical pollutants (Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , NH 4 + , PO 4 3- and F - ) in rare earth mines. The synthesised Zeolite A material is found to have strong adsorption properties. The adsorption mechanism is mainly cation exchange, and the priority of adsorption of pollutants is Cu 2+ > Cd 2+ > NH 4 + > PO 4 3- > F - . Notably , the sodium Zeolite A material synthesized at room temperature can be effectively recycled multiple times. In summary, we propose a method to synthesise low cost and high adsorption zeolites using rare earth tailings. This will facilitate the reduction of rare earth tailings and the rehabilitation of rare earth mines. Our method has great potential as a rehabilitation technology for rare earth mines., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. We certify that it is the original work of us, and we have participated sufficiently in the work to take responsibility for the appropriateness of the research design and method, and the analysis, and interpretation of the data. All authors have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approve it for publication. This manuscript has not been published nor is it being considered for publication elsewhere., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials were widely applied for adsorption and photodegradation of pollutants for wastewater treatment. New efficient LDH materials with adsorption and photodegradation abilities will be promising candidates for pollutants removal. Hence, a series of NiFe-LDH/biochar (NiFe/BC) were fabricated by the coprecipitation method for synergistic adsorption and photodegradation anionic dyes of reactive red 120 (RR120). The removal experiment showed that the addition of an appropriate amount of biochar into NiFe-LDH enhanced the adsorption capacity and its photocatalytic ability. The optimized NiFe/BC2 composite can remove 88.5 % of RR120 under visible light by adsorption and photocatalysis, which was much better than NiFe-LDH (63.3 %) and biochar (2.6 %). The photodegradation kinetic constant of the NiFe/BC2 composite was 3.1 and 104.8 times that of NiFe-LDH and BC. In addition, active species capture experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) tests revealed the removal mechanisms of NiFe/BC composites for RR120 removal. This work affords a feasible strategy for preparing LDH-based photocatalyst with excellent adsorption and photocatalytic performance for wastewater treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A series of ceria-zirconia solid solutions (Ce x Zr 1-x O 2 ) were prepared by co-precipitation method and then sulfated with SO 2 + O 2 at 200 °C. Subsequent testing with the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH 3 (NH 3 -SCR) showed that the activity of the sulfated Ce x Zr 1-x O 2 catalysts oxide catalysts exhibited a volcano-type tendency with increasing Zr content. Furthermore, the sulfated Ce 0.6 Zr 0.4 O 2 catalyst showed the most desirable NH 3 -SCR activity at 250-300 °C, and exhibited much better SO 2 resistance at 250 °C. Detailed characterization results demonstrated that Ce 0.6 Zr 0.4 O 2 could adsorb more surface sulfate species and then produce more stable acid sites than pure CeO 2 at 200 °C. After sulfation treatment, more Ce 3+ and oxygen vacancies were formed on the surface of Ce 0.6 Zr 0.4 O 2 . In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS) experiments suggested that the nitrates species deposited on the surface of as-prepared Ce 0.6 Zr 0.4 O 2 , which showed no reactivity, could barely deposit on the same sample after sulfation. While, the sulfated Ce 0.6 Zr 0.4 O 2 had more reactive acid sites to participate in the NH 3 -SCR and the reaction proceeded via Eley-Rideal mechanism. This work proved that sulfation treatment could be used in designing an efficient cerium-zirconium based NH 3 -SCR catalyst with great application prospect., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A series of toxicity bioassays was conducted to monitor the ecotoxicity of soils in the different phases of bioremediation. Artificially oil-contaminated soil was inoculated with a petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial consortium containing Burkholderia cepacia GS3C, Sphingomonas GY2B and Pandoraea pnomenusa GP3B strains adapted to crude oil. Soil ecotoxicity in different phases of bioremediation was examined by monitoring total petroleum hydrocarbons, soil enzyme activities, phytotoxicity (inhibition of seed germination and plant growth), malonaldehyde content, superoxide dismutase activity and bacterial luminescence. Although the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration in soil was reduced by 64.4%, forty days after bioremediation, the phytotoxicity and Photobacterium phosphoreum ecotoxicity test results indicated an initial increase in ecotoxicity, suggesting the formation of intermediate metabolites characterized by high toxicity and low bioavailability during bioremediation. The ecotoxicity values are a more valid indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of bioremediation techniques compared with only using the total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations. Among all of the potential indicators that could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of bioremediation techniques, soil enzyme activities, phytotoxicity (inhibition of plant height, shoot weight and root fresh weight), malonaldehyde content, superoxide dismutase activity and luminescence of P. phosphoreum were the most sensitive., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)