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Acute renal failure due to primary renal Burkitt lymphoma in children is extremely rare. We report a case with acute secondary renal failure in a 4-year-old boy who presented with abdominal pain, anorexia, and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography scans showed bilateral nephromegaly with multiple hypoenhancing regions. Renal biopsy confirmed Burkitt lymphoma. There was no lymphadenopathy or evidence of other solid organ involvement. The patient was responsive to treatment using the EPOCH-R protocol (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab). Here, we describe the clinical and imaging features associated with this rare entity.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy that arises from the adrenal cortex and can be classified as either non-functioning or functioning. A patient with non-functioning ACC may present no specific symptoms. Imaging analysis can provide some information to a clinician who suspects ACC, such as tumor size, density, washout, necrosis, hemorrhage, and calcification. Histopathology is used to confirm and determine the origin of the malignancy and can provide relevant prognostic information. Microscopic findings can be used to obtain information such as the Weiss score, resection surface features, Ki-67 proliferative index, and the degree of capsular and vascular invasion. Surgery can be curative for localized tumors, and adjuvant therapy using mitotane and cytotoxic chemotherapy is often employed for advanced-stage tumors. We describe a case report of a 32-year-old man with a non-functioning ACC that highlights the importance of radiological and pathological features in the diagnosis of ACC and their use as prognostic factors.

Lipomatous pseudohypertrophy of the pancreas is a rare disease with unknown etiology, and the pancreas parenchyma is replaced by pancreatic parenchyma by fat tissue. In this article, we aimed to report the case of a 26-year-old male patient admitted to hospital with loss of appetite for 6 months. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed diffuse enlargement and fatty replacement over the whole pancreas, with scattered remnants of pancreatic parenchyma. Histologic results defined lipomatous pseudohypertrophy of the pancreas. To summarize, this case report is to put forward this extremely rare presentation and to sensitize clinicians that this entity can be a cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which requires patient follow-up for the appropriate treatment.

Malignant tumors that originate from the mesenchymal tissue of the mammary gland, known as breast sarcomas, are very rare and can be divided into 2 types: primary and secondary (therapy-related development). Breast sarcomas are aggressive tumors associated with a poor prognosis. Treatment options include the coordination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. We present a case of a 51-year-old female who presented to the hospital after noticing a palpable mass in the left breast and bloody nipple discharge. These symptoms lasted for more than 4 months. Postoperative histopathology revealed an undifferentiated pleomorphic breast sarcoma. After 8 months of treatment, the patient experienced metastasis to the brain and lungs.

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is one possible treatment approach for bladder tumors. Bladder wall perforation is one potential complication of TURBT. Signs of perforation include abdominal distension, the inability to distend the bladder, and the low retrieval of irrigation fluids. Peritonitis may occur if a perforation diagnosis is delayed. Early detection and diagnosis are crucial for the prevention of severe complications, such as peritonitis and sepsis. Here, we describe a case of a 69-year-old male with a bladder rupture secondary to TURBT.

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is rare and may develop secondary to inner ear malformation. A possible diagnosis of CSF leak should be considered in any pediatric patient who presents with hearing impairment, rhinorrhea, or otorrhea. Temporal bone computed tomography should be performed in children with hearing impairments. We describe a case of congenital inner ear anomaly in a 12-month-old girl who presented with intermittent rhinorrhea after birth and detected hearing problems when she was 6 months. After diagnosis, the CSF leak was surgically repaired without complications.

Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma is an uncommon tumor composed of myxoid mesenchymal tissue with fluid accumulation. Here, we report a case of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma in a 3-year-old patient who was referred to the hospital with abdominal pain and a slight fever. An abdominal ultrasound suggested a liver abscess; however, computed tomography revealed a mass with both cystic and solid components. Liver biopsy confirmed hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma, and this patient underwent the complete removal of this tumor.

Urinoma is an uncommon and severe complication that commonly results from ureteral stone formation, causing urinary tract obstruction, urinary tract trauma, or a pelvis mass. Ureter perforation due to malignancy, leading to subcapsular urinoma, is rare. In this article, we aimed to describe a case of secondary subcapsular urinoma in an adult male. The patient was diagnosed with ureter perforation secondary to the invasion of embryonal carcinoma lymph node metastasis.

A respiratory fungal infection is a severe clinical problem caused by endemic or opportunistic fungi. Although pulmonary fungal infections may be associated with no symptoms, the patient may also present with cough, fever, chest pain, and hemoptysis. Trichophyton spp., a dermatophyte fungus, is a dermatologic pathogen and can cause a deep, sometimes fatal infection. Here, we report the first case of a deep Trichophyton spp. Infection in Vietnam and possibly the first case of Trichophyton spp. pneumonia in the literature, which responded completely to medical therapy. This article highlights the epidemiology of fungal lung infections and describes the clinical approach for when to suspect and how to diagnose this disease.

Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) is an extremely rare tumor of the respiratory system. The clinical presentation of PMEC is variable and nonspecific, including cough, hemoptysis, and wheezing, and may mimic other symptoms of pneumonia or asthma. Here, we present a case of PMEC in a 12-year-old male who was diagnosed with and treated for asthma for 2 years. The patient presented with symptoms of respiratory failure that did not respond to steroids or bronchodilator medications. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed an endotracheal tumor. The patient underwent complete tumor resection, with no signs of recurrence 6 months after treatment.