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1. Global update on the susceptibility of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors, 2013-2014

Author

Takashita, E, Meijer, A, Lackenby, A, Gubareva, L, Rebelo-de-Andrade, H, Besselaar, T, Fry, A, Gregory, V, Leang, S-K, Huang, W, Lo, J, Pereyaslov, D, Siqueira, MM, Wang, D, Mak, GC, Zhang, W, Daniels, RS, Hurt, AC, Tashiro, M, Takashita, E, Meijer, A, Lackenby, A, Gubareva, L, Rebelo-de-Andrade, H, Besselaar, T, Fry, A, Gregory, V, Leang, S-K, Huang, W, Lo, J, Pereyaslov, D, Siqueira, MM, Wang, D, Mak, GC, Zhang, W, Daniels, RS, Hurt, AC, and Tashiro, M

Abstract

Four World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centres for Reference and Research on Influenza and one WHO Collaborating Centre for the Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza (WHO CCs) tested 10,641 viruses collected by WHO-recognized National Influenza Centres between May 2013 and May 2014 to determine 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) data for neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir and laninamivir. In addition, neuraminidase (NA) sequence data, available from the WHO CCs and from sequence databases (n=3206), were screened for amino acid substitutions associated with reduced NAI susceptibility. Ninety-five per cent of the viruses tested by the WHO CCs were from three WHO regions: Western Pacific, the Americas and Europe. Approximately 2% (n=172) showed highly reduced inhibition (HRI) against at least one of the four NAIs, commonly oseltamivir, while 0.3% (n=32) showed reduced inhibition (RI). Those showing HRI were A(H1N1)pdm09 with NA H275Y (n=169), A(H3N2) with NA E119V (n=1), B/Victoria-lineage with NA E117G (n=1) and B/Yamagata-lineage with NA H273Y (n=1); amino acid position numbering is A subtype and B type specific. Although approximately 98% of circulating viruses tested during the 2013-2014 period were sensitive to all four NAIs, a large community cluster of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses with the NA H275Y substitution from patients with no previous exposure to antivirals was detected in Hokkaido, Japan. Significant numbers of A(H1N1)pdm09 NA H275Y viruses were also detected in China and the United States: phylogenetic analyses showed that the Chinese viruses were similar to those from Japan, while the United States viruses clustered separately from those of the Hokkaido outbreak, indicative of multiple resistance-emergence events. Consequently, global surveillance of influenza antiviral susceptibility should be continued from a public health perspective.

Published
2015

2. Global update on the susceptibility of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors, 2013-2014.

Author

Takashita E, Meijer A, Lackenby A, Gubareva L, Rebelo-de-Andrade H, Besselaar T, Fry A, Gregory V, Leang SK, Huang W, Lo J, Pereyaslov D, Siqueira MM, Wang D, Mak GC, Zhang W, Daniels RS, Hurt AC, and Tashiro M

Subjects
Acids, Carbocyclic, Amino Acid Substitution, China epidemiology, Cyclopentanes pharmacology, Disease Outbreaks statistics & numerical data, Drug Resistance, Viral genetics, Europe epidemiology, Guanidines pharmacology, Humans, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype genetics, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype genetics, Influenza B virus genetics, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Japan epidemiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Neuraminidase chemistry, Oseltamivir pharmacology, Phylogeny, Pyrans, Sialic Acids, Time Factors, United States epidemiology, World Health Organization, Zanamivir analogs & derivatives, Zanamivir pharmacology, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype drug effects, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype drug effects, Influenza B virus drug effects, Neuraminidase antagonists & inhibitors, Neuraminidase genetics
Abstract

Four World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centres for Reference and Research on Influenza and one WHO Collaborating Centre for the Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza (WHO CCs) tested 10,641 viruses collected by WHO-recognized National Influenza Centres between May 2013 and May 2014 to determine 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) data for neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir and laninamivir. In addition, neuraminidase (NA) sequence data, available from the WHO CCs and from sequence databases (n=3206), were screened for amino acid substitutions associated with reduced NAI susceptibility. Ninety-five per cent of the viruses tested by the WHO CCs were from three WHO regions: Western Pacific, the Americas and Europe. Approximately 2% (n=172) showed highly reduced inhibition (HRI) against at least one of the four NAIs, commonly oseltamivir, while 0.3% (n=32) showed reduced inhibition (RI). Those showing HRI were A(H1N1)pdm09 with NA H275Y (n=169), A(H3N2) with NA E119V (n=1), B/Victoria-lineage with NA E117G (n=1) and B/Yamagata-lineage with NA H273Y (n=1); amino acid position numbering is A subtype and B type specific. Although approximately 98% of circulating viruses tested during the 2013-2014 period were sensitive to all four NAIs, a large community cluster of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses with the NA H275Y substitution from patients with no previous exposure to antivirals was detected in Hokkaido, Japan. Significant numbers of A(H1N1)pdm09 NA H275Y viruses were also detected in China and the United States: phylogenetic analyses showed that the Chinese viruses were similar to those from Japan, while the United States viruses clustered separately from those of the Hokkaido outbreak, indicative of multiple resistance-emergence events. Consequently, global surveillance of influenza antiviral susceptibility should be continued from a public health perspective., (Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2015
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