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The effects of mixing vanes (MVs) attached to a grid spacer on the characteristics of air–water annular flows were experimentally investigated. To know the effects, a grid spacer with or without MV was inserted in a vertical circular pipe of 16-mm internal diameter. For three cases (i.e., no spacer, spacer without MV, and spacer with MV), the liquid film thickness, liquid entrainment fraction, and deposition rate were measured by the constant current method, single liquid film extraction method, and double liquid film extraction method, respectively. The MVs significantly promote the re-deposition of liquid droplets in the gas core flow into the liquid film on the channel walls. The deposition mass transfer coefficient is three times higher for the spacer with MV than for the spacer without MV, even for cases 0.3-m downstream from the spacer. The liquid film thickness becomes thicker upstream and downstream for the spacer with MV, compared with the thickness for the spacer without MV and for the case with no spacer.

Arterioportal fistula (APF) combined with a visceral artery pseudoaneurysm is an exceptionally rare and critical vascular disorder of the abdominal viscera, with pseudoaneurysm rupture being potentially fatal and severe APF leading to portal hypertension, both of which necessitate immediate intervention. An 87-year-old woman with a history of pancreatitis presented with upper abdomen and back pain. Laboratory tests revealed elevated amylase levels and severe anemia. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large dorsal pancreatic artery (DPA) pseudoaneurysm with a fistula to the main portal vein. Given her advanced age, surgery was deemed high-risk, and endovascular treatment was selected. Transcatheter arterial embolization was successfully performed using coils to embolize the DPA pseudoaneurysm. A follow-up CT 1 week postprocedure confirmed the absence of a pseudoaneurysm and no further progression of anemia.

Hepatolithiasis is well known to be a late complication after biliary reconstruction. However, there were few reports regarding hepatolithiasis in late complications of long-term, native liver survivors in postoperative patients of biliary atresia. Here, we present a 52-year-old woman who underwent Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia type Ⅲ at the age of 110 days. She was asymptomatic for over 30 years, and birthed three normal babies. Then she suffered from repeated cholangitis due to multiple hepatolithiasis since age 50. A lithotripsy via Roux-en-Y limb was performed but failed due to hepatic hilum strictures. Finally, she underwent living donor liver transplantation. Endoscopic lithotripsy and hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis often fail in biliary atresia patients due to unresolvable intrahepatic or hilar bile duct stenosis and liver dysfunction. Therefore, we consider that liver transplantation is curative and strongly recommended for symptomatic hepatolithiasis as a late complication after biliary atresia surgery.