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The contamination of water by heavy metals from various industrial effluents is a significant factor contributing to the scarcity of clean water worldwide. To address this issue, there is a need to develop low-cost adsorbents to remove heavy metals from contaminated water reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based composites are efficient adsorbers of heavy metals. In this study, a green and rapid single-step heating process was utilized to prepare both rGO and rGO/ZnO composite materials, avoiding the use of any toxic reagents. The rGO/ZnO composite synthesized from sucrose and zinc acetate demonstrates a remarkable ability to adsorb hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The Cr adsorption studies were carried out by varying adsorbent, contact time, initial pH, and concentration. The adsorption efficiency of the composite is five times higher than that of pure rGO. The adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) onto the adsorbent is electrostatic interaction, complexation, pore filling, and reduction, identified through Zeta potential measurement, BET, EDX, and XPS analysis. These studies suggest that rGO/ZnO composite has great potency as a cost-effective and efficient adsorbent for removing Cr(VI) contaminants from industrial effluents.

This study describes a modified SILAR technique for depositing Tin monosulphide (SnS) thin films on diverse substrates, such as glass, ITO coated glass, and OHP sheet, all at room temperature. This simple, less expensive, environmentally friendly, and industrially scalable method allows excellent control over the deposition rate and thickness, as well as many experimental flexibilities. The advantages of depositing films at room temperature include energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for heat-sensitive materials. The deposited SnS thin films underwent comprehensive analysis through XRD, FESEM, EDAX, XPS, TGA, and UV–visible spectroscopy to thoroughly understand their properties. The results showed that the films were polycrystalline, orthorhombic, single-phase, and nearly stoichiometric, with a bandgap value in the visible region. The deposition conditions were optimized to achieve high-quality thin films, and the impact of substrate variations on film characteristics was also investigated. The study showcased the simplicity of doping in the modified SILAR process. Furthermore, the study demonstrated the photocatalytic degradation effectiveness of SnS thin films against the dye Rhodamine B. Various analyses, including UV-visible spectroscopy studies, ROS scavenger tests, ROS indicator tests, and kinetic analysis, were performed. The photodegradation process was effectively described by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism.

Summary: Metabolic routing of nicotinamide (NAM) to NAD+ or 1-methylnicotinamide (MeNAM) has impacts on human health and aging. NAM is imported by cells or liberated from NAD+. The fate of 2H4-NAM in cultured cells, mice, and humans was determined by stable isotope tracing. 2H4-NAM is an NAD+ precursor via the salvage pathway in cultured A549 cells and human PBMCs and in A549 cell xenografts and PBMCs from 2H4-NAM-dosed mice and humans, respectively. 2H4-NAM is a MeNAM precursor in A549 cell cultures and xenografts, but not isolated PBMCs. NAM released from NAD+ is a poor MeNAM precursor. Additional A549 cell tracer studies yielded further mechanistic insight. NAMPT activators promote NAD+ synthesis and consumption. Surprisingly, NAM liberated from NAD+ in NAMPT activator-treated A549 cells is also routed toward MeNAM production. Metabolic fate mapping of the dual NAM sources across the translational spectrum (cells, mice, humans) illuminates a key regulatory node governing NAD+ and MeNAM synthesis.

Tin monosulfide (SnS) thin films were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature utilising a simple, inexpensive, and modified chemical approach known as Successive Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SLAR). The properties of the films were thoroughly studied using an XRD, SEM, EDAX, and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. It was possible to deposite smooth, homogeneous, and uniform thin films with pollycrystalline nature, orthorombic structure, and UV-VIS absorption. Under visible light irradiation, SnS thin films demonstrated high photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue. It showed effective degradation of a common textile dye available in the marker as well. Dye degradation was found to be of first order, following the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Theoretical band structure calculations suggested that the relative positions of the highest valence band and lowest conduction band were 1.605 eV and -0.085 eV, respectively. The photocatalyst's reusability, the involvement of the hydroxyl radical in photodegradation, and the variation in photocatalytic performance of SnS thin films with dye solution pH and initial dye concentration were all examined. Changes in the cationic precursor's molarity caused changes in the thin film's crystallinity, stoichiometry, and bandgap. Non-stoichiometric films demonstrated higher photocatalytic activity.