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The growth in industrialization ultimately enhances the toxic discharges of wastewater containing hazardous dyes from various industrial units as a consequence severe ecological and public health issue exhibit a major challenge to conventional system to decontaminate water. Depending upon experimental constrains various physicochemical and biological treatment process have been made possible to remove pollutant of interest according to their functional abilities. In spite of all the treatment techniques, Adsorption process is considered one of the most excellent option due to the cost-effectiveness, ease of operation, high removal efficiency and regeneration of adsorbents. Over the decades, metal oxides and their composites-based absorbents showed tremendous efficiency in wastewater decontamination by dyes. The ample surface-active sites, tunable surface chemistry, ease to synthesize and functionalization, high accessible surface area, economic viability, and good recyclability make the metal oxide-based nanomaterials potential adsorbents for fast and effective removal of a wide range of heavy metal and metalloid ions. The presence of toxic dye molecules in water system poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystem. This paper comprehensively reviews the source of contamination, possible health hazards, and adsorption technique by metal oxides to eliminate dyes from wastewater. Also, an environmentally friendly and self-sustainable treatment method should be explored to address this problem for emerging contaminants.

Metal/metal oxide nano systems (M-NSs) of tunable and manipulative properties are emerging suitable for cancer management via immunity development, early-stage diagnosis, nanotherapeutics, and targeted drug delivery systems. However, noticeable toxicity, off-targeted actions, lacking biocompatibility, and being expensive limit their acceptability. Moreover, involving high energy (top-down routes) and hazardous chemicals (bottom-up chemical routes) is altering human cycle. To manage such challenges, biomass (plants, microbes, animals) and green chemistry-based M-NSs due to scalability, affordability, are cellular, tissue, and organ acceptability are emerging as desired biogenic M-NSs for cancer management with enhanced features. The state-of-art and perspective of green metal/metal oxide nano systems (GM-NSs) as an efficient anti-cancer agent including, imaging, immunity building elements, site-specific drug delivery, and therapeutics developments are highlighted in this review critically. It is expected that this report will serve as guideline for design and develop high-performance GM-NSs for establishing them as next-generation anti-cancer agent capable to manage cancer in personalized manner., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)