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3 results on '"Michel Chalot"'

1. The potential of microorganisms as biomonitoring and bioremediation tools for mercury-contaminated soils

Author

Lorraine Meyer, Stéphane Guyot, Michel Chalot, and Nicolas Capelli

Subjects
Mercury contamination, Mercury-resistant microorganisms, Bioremediation, Biomonitoring, Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Mercury (Hg) pollution is a global issue due to the high toxicity and wide dispersion of Hg around the world. Whether due to anthropogenic activities or natural processes, Hg emissions are steadily increasing, with very high levels in some regions, directly threatening human and ecosystem health. However, bacteria and fungi have evolved and adapted in response to Hg-induced stress and have developed tolerance mechanisms, notably based on the mer operon system that is involved in Hg uptake and biovolatilization via Hg reduction reactions. Other processes, such as bioaccumulation or extracellular sequestration, are involved in Hg resistance, and the study of contaminated soils has allowed the isolation of a number of microorganisms capable of these mechanisms, with strong potential for the implementation of bioremediation approaches. In addition to playing an important role in determining the fate of Hg in the biogeochemical cycle, these microorganisms can indeed be applied to reduce Hg concentrations or at least stabilize Hg for the remediation of polluted soils. Moreover, thanks to the development of biotechnological tools, bioremediation based on Hg-tolerant microorganisms can be optimized. Finally, these microorganisms are relevant candidates for biomonitoring, for example, through the engineering of biosensors, because the detection of Hg is a major issue in preserving the health of living beings.

Published
2023
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2. Are nettle fibers produced on metal-contaminated lands suitable for composite applications?

Author

Philippe Evon, Pierre Ouagne, Loïc Yung, Thomas Jeannin, Vincent Placet, Michael Lecourt, Michel Chalot, Laurent Labonne, David Cazaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement - FCBA (FRANCE), Inovyn (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - UBFC (FRANCE), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI), Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes, INOVYN France, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes (ENIT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Génie de Production - ENI de Tarbes, ENI Tarbes-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes (ENIT), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)

Subjects
Matériaux, Composite number, Metal-contaminated lands, Biomass, Composite, 02 engineering and technology, Ecotoxicologie, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Nettle fibers, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Sylviculture, foresterie, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Fiber, Urtica dioica, Phytomanagement, 010302 applied physics, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], Contamination, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Agronomy, Single fiber test, Bast fibre, Environmental science, Short rotation coppice, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Mécanique des matériaux, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; This work assesses the potential of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) fibers produced on contaminated lands for composite applications. The nettles studied in this work grew spontaneously and in a prevalent manner in poplar short rotation coppice planted for the phytomanagement of a land contaminated by traces of metals. Results show that the contaminant contents in nettle bast fibers are low: only traces were measured. It makes it possible to consider this biomass for material use. The measured matter yield is lower than those obtained with traditional fiber crops cultivated in Europe on agricultural lands but the tensile properties of the bast fibers are equal to or better than those of hemp and flax, making spontaneous nettle an interesting supplement to traditional European fiber crops for composite applications

Published
2020
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3. 8 Techniques for the Study of Nitrogen Metabolism in Ectomycorrhiza

Author

Bernard Botton and Michel Chalot

Subjects
Ectomycorrhiza, Metabolic pathway, Biochemistry, Protein purification, Large range, Biology, Nitrogen cycle
Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter describes some immunological procedures already used in mycorrhiza to study protein synthesis as well as tissue and intracellular locations of a few enzymes. In addition to more generally used techniques such as those for the estimations of the different forms of nitrogen, the chapter covers a large range of enzymological techniques such as, purification, quantification, localization, and the use of enzyme inhibitors that appear to have considerable future potential in the study of nitrogen metabolism in mycorrhiza. Much research is devoted to electrophoretic and immunological procedures, which are very sensitive methods for elucidating metabolic pathways and are used after the protein purification steps which are the key to many areas of biochemical research on mycorrhiza. However, with the recent advances in gene cloning and expression it is not only protein researchers who need to be able to use these techniques, but also biochemists and molecular biologists, working on a wide range of problems. The chapter also discusses extraction and recovery of the nitrogen fractions.

Published
1991
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