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Background: Major depressive disorder is prevalent across different societies, affecting individuals from various cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds. Dysregulation of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway and increased oxidative stress have been implicated as contributing factors. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the antidepressant potential of β-caryophyllene in a mouse model subjected to maternal separation stress, with a focus on its effects on oxidative stress and nitrite levels. Study Design: The research involved 40 male mice, which were divided into five groups. Methods: The control group received 1 ml/kg of normal saline, while the maternal separation (MS) groups were administered normal saline in conjunction with β-caryophyllene at doses of 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg. Various behavioral tests, including the open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and splash test, were employed to assess the impact of β-caryophyllene. Additionally, measurements of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrite levels in the hippocampus were conducted. Results: The findings demonstrated that maternal separation stress induced depressive-like behaviors in mice, as evidenced by increased immobility time in the FST and decreased grooming behavior in the splash test. Furthermore, MS was associated with elevated MDA and nitrite levels and reduced TAC in the hippocampus. However, administration of β-caryophyllene increased grooming activity in the splash test and decreased immobility time in the FST. Additionally, β-caryophyllene exhibited antioxidant properties, lowering MDA and nitrite levels while enhancing TAC in the hippocampus. Conclusion: These results suggest that β-caryophyllene may possess antidepressant-like effects in mice subjected to maternal separation, likely due to its antioxidant actions in the hippocampus.

This research represents a crucial step forward in the design and application of magnetized ternary hybrid nanofluids, paving the way for innovations in thermal management and medical treatment technologies. Optimization analysis of nanoscale heat transport for magnetized ternary hybrid bio nanofluid containing SiO2, TiO2, and Al2O3 nanoparticles over a three-dimensional wedge geometry is made in this article. Heat transport analysis is studied through thermal and joule heating effects and the ternary hybrid composition is chosen to leverage the combined thermal properties of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, detail streamlines of flow pattern are investigated for different physical parameters. Physical system is formulated with the system of Partial differential equation (PDEs) and it is processed with similarity transformation to convert it into system of ordinary differential equation (ODEs). Furthermore, Keller box scheme is applied to fetch its numerical solution and compared with finite element technique for validation and found smooth agreement.Temperature is increased with pressure gradient, shear strain and thermal radiation parameter. Magnitude of drag force is increasing with increasing Weissenberg number. For We = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, skin friction increases in ternary nanofluid with 13 %,17 %, 21 %, 23 % and 26 % respectively. For β = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, skin friction decreases in ternary nanofluid with 30 %,25 %, 20 %, 15 % and 10 % respectively.

Thermal radiations are extensively utilized in the medical sciences, and the investigation of thermal radiation combined with double diffusive phenomena is the burning research area because of its enormous applications in treatment of various diseases. Cilia play significant part in many physiological processes of animal and humans. A novel mathematical prodigy for Prandtl nanofluid with thermal radiations and double diffusion convection by implementing slip at boundaries is presented for cilia induce flow in an asymmetric microchannel. Mathematical scheme for the physiological flow is developed and then pertinent equations are designed exploiting low Reynolds number and long wavelength simplifications. Solution for the physiological nanofluid is gathered by emphasizing on the novel BVP4C technique in MATLAB and resulting outcomes are elaborated with aid of graphical illustrations. Pros and cons of various physical flow parameters like thermal slip parameters, Prandtl fluid parameters, Grashof parameter, Prandtl parameter , Brownian motion parameter, thermal radiation parameter, Brinkmann number, Soret parameter are examined on the velocity, magnetic force function, temperature profile, concentration and nanoparticles volume fraction. It is reported that slip parameter really effects the nanofluid transport within the ciliated microchannel, it reduces the fluid flow, diffusion phenomena of the nanoparticles in the ciliated microchannel surges when radiation parameter is strengthened. The reported investigation will be instrumental in heat radiation effect for regulation of blood circulation to cure the cancer tissues in multiple drug delivery systems and will pave the way for the designs of certain diagnostic and pharmacological devices.

Significance: Incorporation of nanoparticles in base fluid water is significant for analysis of thermal behavior of nanofluid mixtures, which has various applications in materials science and thermal engineering, and supervised neural scheme predicts the thermal behavior by solving Carreau nanofluid model. Motive: This article brings the investigation related to prediction of thermal transport of a ternary magnetized hybrid nanofluid [(Al2O3, CuO, TiO2)/H2O] with a three-dimensional Carreau nanofluid model over a wedge. Three nanoparticles dispersed in water (H2O). Inclined magnetic field is considered for judgement of velocity profile and thermal radiation is utilized to scrutinize the temperature distribution of nanofluid. The Carreau mathematical model is chosen to depict the rheological characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids at very high and very low shear rate. Methodology: Physical assumptions creates the system of Partial differential equations (PDEs) and these are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by similarity tool. Further ODEs are dealt with bvp4c scheme and further prediction of solution is made by Levenberg-Marquardt neural network (LM-NN) supervised neural scheme. Findings: Increased volume friction coefficients of nanoparticles increases the transport of heat. High inclined magnetic effect, thermal radiation, pressure gradient and shear strain parameter predict higher thermal transport.

The advancement in bio nanotechnology due to its enormous application in the field of biomedical, for instance in drug delivery systems, in vitro assessment, in bioimaging, cure of cancer tumor, laser therapy has emerged as burning topic among many researchers. Gold nanomaterials can be mingled in multiple shapes and dimensions. Because of having such significant features, gold nonmaterial can transmute excellently, heal the infected cells, and finish them. A EMHD gold-blood nanofluid transport characteristics in asymmetric vessel under the influence of ciliary mechanism that produces a metachronal rhythm is investigated. The pertinent equations of flow dynamics are encountered by relying on low Reynolds and long wavelength and Debye-Huckel simplifications. A computation study is carried out in MATLAB with novel BVP4C methodology. Impact of relevant parameters on flow dynamics thoroughly interrogated with the aid pictorial illustrations. It has been revealed the shape factor of Gold nanofluids really effect the flow dynamics in a ciliated microchannel and it has been established that Brick shape nanofluid has higher fluid velocity in comparison to platelets and cylindrical shaped nanofluid. The axial velocity experiences surge in the bulk flow regime of ciliary vessels for rising electroosmosis phenomena. Also, it can be concluded that nanoparticles temperature concentration, and microorganism profile surges with enhanced Brownian phenomena and turnaround is experienced for temperature ratio parameter.

The present investigation delves into the analysis of mass and thermal transmission during the peristalsis of a two phase flow of a Prandtl fluid, within a symmetric channel by considering entropy generation and minimization. The considered flow is examined by taking into account the impacts of electroosmotic effects through Electric Debye Layer (EDL) and chemical reactions followed by the lubrication theory approximation. Numerical solutions are acquired for the consequential differential equations through artificial neural networks (ANN) based fitness functions. The artificial neural networks (ANN) based fitness function optimized through hybrid evolutionary algorithms especially ABC (artificial bee colony) and NNA (neural network algorithm) like ANN-ABC-NNA. For the efficiency and validation of the algorithm we conduct the one hundred (100) independent runs. The obtained results through ANN-ABC-NNA are compared with the exact solutions for validation of results. In the present examination, the velocity profile is noticed to increase by the rise in the electroosmotic factor and solid particles concentration, while it decreases for the Prandtl fluid parameter. This research holds practical significance in diverse applications, particularly in the design and optimization of microfluidic devices.

This manuscript addresses the rational solutions of a (3+1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli (BLMP) equation, emphasizing key aspects in response to specific questions. The study begins by elucidating the problem’s significance, highlighting the pursuit of rational solutions for the mentioned equation. The methodology involves obtaining the Hirota bilinear (HB) form through a transformative process. Furthermore, the analysis extends to the dimensionally reduced BLMP equation, specifically exploring lump and rogue wave-like (Rwl) solutions, along with the interaction between kink and lump solutions. The HB forms play a crucial role in this examination. Importantly, the solutions presented in this study are characterized as non-singular and localized. Visualizations of these solutions are instrumental in understanding the equation’s behavior, particularly how the solutions evolve under varying physical conditions. The outcomes are visually conveyed through 3D and surface graphs, offering a comprehensive representation for specific parameter values. In conclusion, this work contributes novel insights beyond previous efforts in the literature, showcasing the importance and advancements in the study of the (3+1)-dimensional BLMP equation.

Phonological Awareness (PA) in deep orthographies like English can be used to predict reading abilities in later grades. PA is a sensitive measure in identifying Arabic speaking children who struggle to read. The main objective of the present study was to compare two matched versions of a sound blending task to determine whether any of the two created versions (i.e., one with short vowels and the other without short vowels) of this task could yield a more accurate measure of PA in children speaking Jordanian Arabic. Data was collected from 20 randomly selected schools in Jordan. A randomly selected sample of 200 participants in grade 4 who were randomly divided into two groups (100 students each) and were tested on word blending, elision, word recognition, and oral reading fluency. Each group of participants was tested using a different version of the word blending task, while the other tasks used to test the two groups were the same. The major finding of the study revealed a significant difference between the two versions of the blending task in favor of the assumption that using a task without short vowels can produce inflated scores (i.e., the blending task without short vowels yielded higher scores); such scores demonstrated weak correlation with the reading measures. The implications of the current study support the presentation of blending tasks with all the constituent segments of the word including short vowels (i.e., presenting the word with consonants, long vowels, and short vowels), which can better contribute to gauging children's PA abilities.