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After secondary treatment, discharged waste from the pulp paper industry contains several organic and inorganic pollutants, mostly above their permissible limit. These wastes (after secondary treatment) are laden with high concentrations of metals which are a risk for human health and environmental pollution as well. Such wastes also contain a significant amount of persistent organic pollutants such as furane 2,5-dimethyl, n-hexadecanoic acid, nonacosane, and tetradecanoic acid, etc. Present work also highlighted that pulp paper industry wastes are mainly responsible for the significant release of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu Cr, Pb, and Ni) along with the lignin and other copollutants. Some potential plants such as Eclipta alba, Rumex dentatus, Cammelina benghalensis, Ricinus cummunis, Phragmites cummunis, and Solanum nigrum were reported to accumulate a significant quantity of metals, that is, Cd, Pd, Ni, Fe, and Cu in their root, shoot, and leaves.

The content gives a brief idea of various bioremediation strategies by genetically engineered bacteria. The use of engineered bacteria for remediation of xenobiotic/recalcitrant compounds is more feasible as compared to the physicochemical methods for remediation. Different biotechnological approaches like metabolic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, and omics approach are used for designing an efficient bioremediation strategy. Metabolic engineering of microbial regulatory pathways can offer the best way for increasing the ability of the microorganism to remediate bulk/large volume waste. Recombinant DNA technologies like construction of novel expression vectors, modification of gene regulatory networks, and methods to report the genetically modified organisms can serve as novel systems for bioremediation. Combination of metabolic engineering, rDNA technology, and omics has the potential to become an important tool, especially for the onsite bioremediation strategy.

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, water resources are being severely polluted, especially due to the release of domestic and municipal wastewaters, laden with organics, nutrients, inorganic salts, metals, and harmful bacterial masses, etc. In this regard, bioremediation technologies and bioreactors have gained increasing attention due to their low cost, operational viability, and appreciable efficiencies. However, the selection of an appropriate bioreactor technology is limited by energy requirements and quantities of active (live) and inactive (dead) biomass. This chapter highlights the various types of biological treatment processes, along with their typically used performance parameters and commonly faced operational stresses. Further, an overview of field-scale applications of various types of bioreactors, that is, aerobic, anaerobic, advanced aerobic, and natural wastewater treatment systems, treating domestic or municipal wastewaters is also presented in this chapter. Typical treatment performance of these reactors is also presented in this chapter.

Developing phytoremediation technologies has been a concern in securing sustainable development. Further, with the advent of industrial revolution, a variety of pollution causing effluents and contaminants concurrently scaled up. At present, to meet the bioremediation challenge, investigations have been shifted toward the genetic engineering approach. In this regard, investigations to improve the remediation potential of plants have been focused in using various techniques involving combinational omics approaches. Among the various genetic engineering tools, clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–Cas9 has come up with magnificent potential to alter the gene expression regulation at determined sites, and expedite new insights into the plant functional genomics. Basically, it is an effortless technique that provides a pragmatic approach to improve genotypes bioremediation potential. Precise and targeted modifications using genomic sequences as well as genome expression can be carried out efficiently in crop, ornamental, and model plants without involving foreign DNA. This chapter deals with the recent advancements made in the phytoremediation sector using CRISPR-based system and provides us insights on phenotype advancements.

Biosurfactants act as a bridge between the air and liquid interface as they are amphiphilic molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions providing them the ability to reduce the surface tension. This decrease in the surface tension of water promotes the mobilization of heavy metals from unsaturated soils, and makes the heavy metals more available for remediation. Biosurfactants are biological compounds that are produced by microorganisms (bacteria or yeast), plants, animals, and even humans. These can be divided into low-molecular-weight molecules that lower surface and interfacial tensions efficiently and high-molecular-weight polymers. Due to the anionic nature of biosurfactants and their complexation ability, they can remove heavy metal ions from soil. The purpose of this chapter is to study the effectiveness of various biosurfactant-producing bacteria and their potent role in heavy metal remediation.

Every year a huge amount of pollutants is generated due to the rapid development of industries and population progression. These pollutants are not only harming human life but affecting our ecosystem also. Recently, researchers are focusing on developing new strategies to enhance microbial activities to degrade these contaminants. Microbial remediation has a great potential to remove these pollutants from our environment. However, little information is available about the factors responsible for controlling the degradation process in current environmental conditions, which causes restrictions on its wide usage. Nowadays, advanced tools such as transcriptomics, proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics, have gained importance for designing strategies to remove these pollutants in an ecofriendly manner. Earlier, the main focus was on the microbial remediation using genetic engineering; however, the present chapter renders the integrative approaches through GMOs to the multiomics. In addition, this chapter also addresses the role of multiomics methods to understand and discover the basic and functional characteristics of these microorganisms-mediated remediation processes within environmental contaminated sites.

The genus Acinetobacter consists of 31 validly published species ubiquitously distributed in nature and primarily associated with nosocomial infection. We report the 4.4Mb genome of Acinetobacter gerneri strain MTCC 9824T. The genome has a G+C content of 38.0% and includes 3 rRNA genes (5S, 23S16S) and 64 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase genes.

The genus Acinetobacter consists of 31 validly published species ubiquitously distributed in nature and primarily associated with nosocomial infection. We report the 3.4Mb genome of Acinetobacter haemolyticus strain MTCC 9819T. The genome has a G+C content of 40.0% and includes 3 rRNA genes (5S, 23S, 16S) and 65 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase genes.

Till date, only one draft genome has been reported within the genus Mangrovibacter. Here, we report the second draft genome shotgun sequence of a Mangrovibacter sp. strain MP23 that was isolated from the roots of Phargmites karka (P. karka), an invasive weed growing in the Chilika Lagoon, Odisha, India. Strain MP23 is a facultative anaerobic, nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria that grows optimally at 37°C, 7.0 pH, and 1% NaCl concentration. The draft genome sequence of strain MP23 contains 4,947,475bp with an estimated G+C content of 49.9% and total 4392 protein coding genes. The genome sequence has provided information on putative genes that code for proteins involved in oxidative stress, uptake of nutrients, and nitrogen fixation that might offer niche specific ecological fitness and explain the invasive success of P. karka in Chilika Lagoon. The draft genome sequence and annotation have been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession number LYRP00000000.