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Introduction: This manuscript offers an in-depth comparative examination of the effectiveness of higher-dose (double standard-dose and high-dose) influenza vaccines in contrast to a single standard-dose vaccine when it comes to alleviating major cardiovascular events., Study Design: Meta-Analysis., Methods: To conduct this study, an exhaustive search was carried out in the medical English literature using databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane CENTRAL until 10 April 2024. The evaluation of associations was achieved through the calculation of pooled relative risks (RRs) accompanied by their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs)., Results: A meticulous analysis encompassed a comprehensive cohort of 68,713 patients. Among these participants, 34,430 individuals were randomly assigned to receive a higher-dose influenza vaccination, whereas 34,283 received the standard influenza vaccination. Contrary to initial expectations, a higher-dose influenza vaccine did not manifest elevated efficacy compared to the standard-dose vaccine in terms of mitigating major cardiovascular events. The computed pooled RR stood at 1.0, accompanied by a 95% CI ranging from 0.93 to 1.10., Conclusion: While this systematic review and meta-analysis did not find a statistically significant advantage of higher-dose influenza vaccines over a single standard-dose vaccine in preventing major cardiovascular events, the observed trend towards risk reduction warrants continued investigation. These findings contribute to the ongoing dialogue surrounding vaccination strategies and their implications for cardiovascular outcomes., (Copyright © 2024 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: There are growing reports of the neurological involvement among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Headache, confusion, and anosmia after olfactory nerve disruption are the most prevalent presentation of the neurological involvement related to COVID-19. However, small numbers of the central nervous system involvement have been reported., Case Report: A 49-year-old man was referred to our hospital with abrupt vision loss. Three weeks earlier he was admitted to the hospital based on his respiratory symptoms and was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. Initial brain magnetic resonance imaging indicated diffuse restricted bilateral foci in both parietal and occipital lobes in favor of acute infarction. Diffuse weighted imaging demonstrated restricted bilateral hyperintense signals in parietal and occipital region. Occipital cortex biopsy showed brain tissue with focal infiltration of foamy macrophages mixed with reactive astrocytes and no plasma cell infiltration. Considering all of the evidence, post-COVID-19 encephalitis diagnosis was considered for the patient, and methyl prednisolone pulse therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin were initiated. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Although there are growing reports of neurological involvement among patients, blindness is rarely observed as a complication of post-COVID-19 encephalitis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of post-COVID-19 encephalitis that presented with bilateral vision loss primarily. This case may raise physicians' awareness of neurological complications of COVID-19., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Risk assessment is an important tool in predicting the possible risk to health. It heightens awareness by estimating the probability of adverse health effects in humans who are exposed to chemicals in the course of their work. Therefore, the present work aims to determine the occupational exposure of operating room staff to the volatile anesthetic gases, isoflurane and sevoflurane, and estimates non-cancer risk using the United States Environmental Protection Agency method. Air samples from the breathing zone of staff members were collected using the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Method 103 and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The results indicate that the measured concentrations of isoflurane and sevoflurane are below the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health standard (2 ppm) for technicians and nurses, but not for anesthesiologists and surgeons. Moreover, the estimated non-cancer risk due to isoflurane is above the acceptable value for anesthesiologists (but acceptable for other occupational categories). A sensitivity analysis indicates that exposure time has the most effect on calculated risk (53.4%). Occupational exposure to anesthetic gases may endanger the health of operating room personnel. Therefore, control measures, such as daily testing of anesthetic devices, ensuring the effectiveness of ventilation systems, advanced scavenging methods, and regular training of staff are highly recommended., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This study aimed to optimize a new sample preparation method using N-doped mesoporous carbon sorbent for simultaneous measurement of 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol, the biomarkers of exposure to naphthalene. The samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography supplied with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). N-doped mesoporous carbon sorbent was obtained via the hard template procedure. The synthesized nanosorbent was then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and elemental analysis (CHN). The effective factors in the extraction of the studied biomarkers were examined by the Box-Behnken (BBD) methodology. Regarding the optimum conditions, the sketched calibration curve for naphthols was linear in the concentration levels of 1-600 µg L -1 for human urine samples. The accuracy and reproducibility of the introduced method were determined using the relative recovery (RR %) and relative standard deviation (RSD %) tests on the fortified urine samples. RR% and RSD% were found to be 97.0-101.2% and 3.1-9.0%, respectively. The calculated method detection limit of the optimized procedure was 0.3 µg L -1 and 0.5 µg L -1 for 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol, respectively., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In this study, occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the rendering plant of poultry slaughterhouse was determined and subsequently, carcinogen and non-carcinogenic risks were assessed using the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) methods of 1501 and 1600 were used to measure VOCs in the breathing zone of the workers. Samples were analyzed by GC/MS. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks and sensitivity analysis were carried out using Monte Carlo simulations technique. The concentration of benzene and CS 2 was higher than the occupational exposure limits (OEL). The hazard quotient (HQ) values for all measured compounds was more than 1, which indicating the high potential for non-carcinogenic risks. Furthermore, the calculated Lifetime Cancer Risks (LCR) for carcinogenic compounds revealed that cancer risk due to benzene is higher than the maximum acceptable level provided by USEPA (10 -6 ). Based on the sensitivity analysis, the concentration and exposure frequency are the most important variable influencing both carcinogen and non-carcinogenic risks. Therefore, the concentration levels of the VOCs and exposure frequency should be controlled using engineering control measures., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)