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Iron oxide @ biochar (FeO/C) promotes bacterial growth and facilitates electron transfer, thereby effectively promoting malathion degradation by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (S. oneidensis MR-1). This study elucidated the underlying mechanism of FeO/C-enhanced malathion degradation by S. oneidensis MR-1 through a combination of metabolomics and proteomics analysis. The kinetic fitting results from the degradation experiment indicated that 0.1 g/L FeO/C exerted the most significant enhancement effect on malathion degradation by S. oneidensis MR-1. Observations from Scanning Electron Microscopy and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy, along with physiological and biochemical analysis, showed that FeO/C enhanced the growth and oxidative response of S. oneidensis MR-1 under malathion stress. In addition, metabolomics and proteomics analysis revealed an increase in certain electron transfer related metabolites, such as coenzymes, and the upregulation of proteins, including coenzyme A, sdhD, and petC. Overall, spectroscopic analysis suggested that Fe 2+ , which was reduced from Fe 3+ by S. oneidensis MR-1 in FeO/C, promoted electron transfer in S. oneidensis MR-1 to enhance the degradation of malathion. This study offers enhanced strategies for efficient removal of malathion contaminants., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Previous studies have reported the correlations between bacterial communities and coral bleaching, but the knowledge of fungal roles in coral bleaching is still limited. In this study, the taxonomic and functional diversities of fungi in unbleached, partly bleached and bleached stony coral Acropora intermedia were investigated through the ITS-rRNA gene next-generation sequencing. An unexpected diversity of successfully classified fungi (a total of 167 fungal genera) was revealed in this study, and the partly bleached coral samples gained the highest fungal diversity, followed by bleached and unbleached coral samples. Among these fungi, 122 genera (nearly 73.2%) were rarely found in corals in previous studies, such as Calostoma and Morchella, which gave us a more comprehensive understanding of coral-associated fungi. Positively correlated fungal genera (Calostoma, Corticium, Derxomyces, Fusicolla, Penicillium and Vishniacozyma) and negative correlated fungal genera (Blastobotrys, Exophiala and Dacryopinax) with the coral bleaching were both detected. It was found that a series of fungal genera, dominant by Apiotrichum, a source of opportunistic infections, was significantly enriched; while another fungal group majoring in Fusicolla, a probiotic fungus, was distinctly depressed in the bleached coral. It was also noteworthy that the abundance of pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium, Didymella and Trichosporon showed a rising trend; while the saprotrophic fungi, including Tricladium, Botryotrichum and Scleropezicula demostrated a declining trend as the bleaching deteriorating. The rising of pathogenic fungi and the declining of saprotrophic fungi revealed the basic rules of fungal community transitions in the coral bleaching, but the mechanism of coral-associated fungal interactions still lacks further investigation. Overall, this is an investigation focused on the differences of fungal communities at taxonomic and functional levels in stony coral A. intermedia under different bleaching statuses, which provides a better comprehension of the correlations between fungal communities and the coral bleaching., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Cellular motility is crucial for effective colonization of the rhizosphere, but it is not yet clear whether bacterial motility is particularly linked to other genetic traits. Here, we applied genome-resolved metagenomics and phylogenomics to investigate the ecological significance of cellular motility for niche differentiation and the links between the genetic makeup of motile bacteria and rhizosphere colonization within a four-decade maize field experiment. Indeed, highly diverse sets of genes encoding cellular motility, including chemotaxis, flagellar assembly and motility proteins, and utilization of polymeric carbon were the important predictors of bacterial niche differentiation between bulk and rhizosphere soils. This is well exemplified by metagenome-assembled genomes encoding high motility capacity (hmc_MAGs). Their collective abundance was, on average, sixfold higher in rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. All bulk-soil-derived MAGs showed low motility capacities (lmc). The hmc_MAGs were highly enriched in beneficial traits involved in carbohydrate utilization, assimilatory (nasA) and dissimilatory (nirBD) nitrate reduction, inorganic phosphate solubilization (gcd), and organic phosphate mineralization (phoD). Belonging to the families Sphingomonadaceae, Burkholderiaceae and Steroidobacteraceae, the hmc_MAGs showed a ninefold greater enrichment in these traits than proteobacterial lmc_MAGs and a twofold greater enrichment than 264 genomes publicly available for the above three families, thereby substantiating that a specific rhizosphere effect acted on the microbes represented by the hmc_MAGs. The particular link between the genetic capacities for high cellular motility and increased carbohydrate depolymerization as the key determinant for plant-selected rhizosphere colonization was further substantiated by the analysis of public bulk-rhizosphere soil metagenomes retrieved from wheat and cucumber field sites., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Rare earth elements (REE) are extensively exploited in the agricultural ecosystems due to their various beneficial roles on plant growth. However, the ecotoxicological effects and environmental risk of REE are poorly assessed. Here, we investigated the effects of lanthanum and cerium nitrate on soil prokaryote and viral metal resistance genes (MRGs) and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) using a metagenomic-based approach. We found that relative abundances of prokaryote phyla Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi decreased with increasing of both REE compounds. In addition, low level REE nitrate (0.05 and 0.1 mmol kg -1 soil) inhibited the viral family Phycodanaviridae, Rudiviridae, Schitoviridae, whereas high level (0.16 and 0.32 mmol kg -1 soil) REE nitrate suppressed the viral family Herelleviridae, Iridoviridae, Podoviridae. ARGs were not significantly affected by low level of REE nitrate. However, high level of both REEs nitrate increased the abundances of dominant prokaryote genes resisting to most of the drug classes, such as aminoglycoside, elfamycin, fluoroquinolone, macrolide, rifamycin. Abundance of MRGs in prokaryote did not change consistently with REE nitrate compound type and input rate. MRGs were only partially detected in the virome in some of the treatments, while ARGs was not detected in virome. Together, we demonstrated that overuse of REE nitrate in agriculture would increase the risk of dissemination of ARGs through prokaryotes but not virus, although viral community was substantially shifted., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Lung cancer was one of the most common malignancies around the world. It has great significance in to search for the mechanism of occurrence and development of lung cancer. LIM Domain Binding protein 2 (LDB2) belongs to the LIM-domain binding family, it can be used as a binding protein that combined with other transcription factors to form the transcription complex for regulating the expression of target genes. The expression of microRNA-96-5p (miR-96-5p) has been investigated in various tumors. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential role of LDB2 and miR-96-5p in lung cancer., Methods: Real-time quantitative PCR was applied to detect the expression of LDB2 and miR-96-5p. The proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of H1299 cells were analyzed by CCK8, transwell, and wound healing assay after LDB2 or miR-96-5p transfection. Luciferase activities assay and western blot were used to reveal the targeted regulation between LDB2 and miR-96-5p., Results: Here the authors found LDB2 was down-regulated in lung cancer tissues and negatively correlated with miR-96-5p expression, it could promote or inhibit the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of H1299 cells after LDB2 knockdown or overexpression and regulate the expression of cyclinD1, MMP9, Bcl-2, and Bax via ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, miR-96-5p exerted its function by directly binding to 3'-UTR of LDB2 and regulating expression of LDB2. miR-96-5p could promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of H1299 cells., Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that LDB2 can act as a new regulator to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and miR-96-5p may be a potential promising molecular by targeting LDB2 in lung cancer., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 HCFMUSP. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Revealing the responses of rare and abundant bacteria to environmental change is crucial for understanding microbial community assembly and ecosystem function. However, both the environmental adaptability and the ecological assembly processes exhibited by rare and abundant soil bacteria remain poorly understood. Here we investigated the assembly processes of rare and abundant bacteria along a chronosequence of a 35-year reforestation succession (8, 17, and 35 years), particularly with regard to their environmental adaptations. Compared to the abundant taxa, the phylogenetic clustering of rare taxa was tighter but their environmental breadth wider. Homogeneous selection (65.8%) belonging to deterministic processes dominated the rare bacterial assembly, whereas homogenizing dispersal and undominated process (57.9%) belonging to stochastic processes governed the abundant taxa. Neutral processes had a significant impact on shaping the rare taxa compared to the abundant taxa. Rare taxa were environmentally less constrained than abundant taxa. Soil EC was the major determinant factor for the assembly processes of both rare and abundant taxa. Ecological assembly processes showed a significant negative correlation with rare bacterial functional redundancies, while they had a significant positive correlation with the abundant taxa. Microbial network modularity further demonstrated that rare taxa developed stronger environmental adaptation strategies than their abundant counterparts. Our study significantly advances the knowledge of the environmental adaptability of rare and abundant bacteria and emphasizes their key role in reforestation ecological succession soils., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A link between microbial life history strategies and soil organic carbon storage in agroecosystems is presumed, but largely unexplored at the gene level. We aimed to elucidate whether and how differential organic material amendments (manure versus peat-vermiculite) affect, relative to sole chemical fertilizer application, the link between microbial life history strategies and soil organic carbon storage in a wheat-maize rotation field experiment. To achieve this goal, we combined bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS amplicon sequencing, metagenomics and the assembly of genomes. Fertilizer treatments had a significantly greater effect on microbial community composition than aggregate size, with soil available phosphorus and potassium being the most important community-shaping factors. Limitation in labile carbon was linked to a K-selected oligotrophic life history strategy (Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria) under sole chemical fertilizer application; defined by a significant enrichment of genes involved in resource acquisition, polymer hydrolysis, and competition. By contrast, excess of labile carbon promoted an r-selected copiotrophic life history strategy (Cytophagales, Bacillales, Mortierellomycota) under manure treatment; defined by a significant enrichment of genes involved in cellular growth. A distinct life history strategy was not observed under peat-vermiculite treatment, but rather a mix of both K-selected (Acidobacteria) and r-selected (Actinobacteria, Mortierellomycota) microorganisms. Compared to sole chemical fertilizer application, soil organic carbon storage efficiency was significantly increased by 26.5% and 50.0% under manure and peat-vermiculite treatments, respectively. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of organic material amendments, but in particular a one-time peat-vermiculite application, to promote soil organic carbon storage as a potential management strategy for sustainable agriculture., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The soil microbiome, existing as interconnected communities closely associated with soil aggregates, is the key driver in nutrient cycling. However, the underlying genomic information encoding the machinery of the soil microbiome involved in nutrient cycling at the soil aggregate scale is barely known. Here comparative metagenomics and genome binning were applied to investigate microbial functional profiles at the soil aggregate scale under different organic material amendments in a long-term field experiment. Soil samples were sieved into large macroaggregates (>2 mm), macroaggregates (0.25-2 mm) and microaggregates (<0.25 mm). Microbial taxonomic and functional alpha diversity were significantly correlated to soil NO 3 - and SOC. The highest abundance of nasB, nirK, and amoA genes, which are responsible for denitrification and ammonia oxidizers driving nitrification, was observed in microaggregates. Both manure and peat treatments significantly decreased the abundance of napA and nrfA that encode enzymes involved in dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). As a biomarker for soil inorganic P solubilization, the relative abundance of gcd was significantly increased in macroaggregates and large macroaggregates. Three nearly complete genomes of Nitrososphaeraceae (AOA) and seven bacterial genomes were shown to harbor a series of genes involved in nitrification and P solubilization, respectively. Our study provides comprehensive insights into the microbial genetic potential for DNRA and P-solubilizing activity across different soil aggregate fractions and fertilization regimes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate the risk factors and predictive model of diarrhea among patients with severe stroke., Methods: The study analyzed the retrospective clinical data of patients with new-onset stroke who had been admitted to the intensive care unit at the Department of Neurology of X Hospital, between September 2017 and April 2018. All data were analyzed with a binary logistic regression, and a logistic regression equation was used to build a predictive model of diarrhea among patients with severe stroke., Results: A total of 153 patients with severe stroke were included in this study, including 45 patients (29.41%) with diarrhea. The binary logistic multivariate analysis showed that the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission (odds ratio [OR], 1.123; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.016-1.242), the Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission (OR, 1.563; 95% CI, 1.048-2.330), antibiotic use (OR, 2.168; 95% CI, 1.041-4.514), gavage feeding time (OR, 1.260; 95% CI, 1.098-1.445), and hospital stay before the occurrence of diarrhea (OR, 0.652; 95% CI, 0.552-0.770). The receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.862 (95% CI, 0.799-0.925), the specificity was 0.778, and the sensitivity was 0.843., Conclusions: The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission, the Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission, antibiotic use, gavage feeding time, and hospital stay before the occurrence of diarrhea independently predict diarrhea among patients with severe stroke. This model can be used to predict the risk of diarrhea among patients with severe stroke., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The removal routes of pharmaceuticals especially biodegradation routes in the activated sludge process are still unclear. Some studies indicated pharmaceuticals were mainly removed via nitrification process (autotrophic biodegradation), while others suggested pharmaceuticals were mainly removed via COD degradation process (heterotrophic biodegradation). These unclear problems limited the improvements of pharmaceuticals removal. In this study, in order to elucidate three biodegradation routes (nitrification, COD degradation, or both nitrification and COD degradation), autotrophic and heterotrophic reactors were individually developed to separate nitrification and COD degradation form the activated sludge process (mix-trophic process including nitrification and COD degradation). Furthermore, the pharmaceuticals removal routes of adsorption, hydrolysis, and oxidation were also studied. Among six degradable pharmaceuticals, heterotrophic biodegradation and adsorption were the major removal routes. Two sulfonamides of five antibiotics were predominantly removed by COD degradation process, while nitrification and adsorption had no contributions. Adsorption, hydrolysis, nitrification, and COD degradation were the main elimination routes of cefalexin. COD degradation and adsorption were the dominant removal routes of norfloxacin. Tetracycline was mainly removed by the adsorption route, and hydrolysis and oxidation also played a role. For two drugs, ibuprofen was removed mainly via nitrification and COD degradation, and no adsorption occurred. Diclofenac could not be removed at all and was persistent in the aerobic conditions. Kinetic studies showed that biodegradation of the two sulfonamides, cefalexin, norfloxacin, and ibuprofen followed first-order kinetics rather than zero-order or second-order kinetics., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aims: MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) has been demonstrated as a tumor-suppressive miRNA, which shows a down-regulated pattern in several human malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the pathophysiologic roles of miR-1 and their mechanisms in HCC tumorigenesis are still not totally elucidated., Main Methods: Pre-miR-1 was cloned into pSuper plasmid to overexpress the miR-1 in hepatoma cells. Real-time PCR and Western blot were applied to detect miR-1, ET-1 mRNA and protein levels respectively. Dual luciferase reporter assay was conducted to investigate the binding site of miR-1 on 3'UTR of ET-1 mRNA. Proliferation of hepatoma cells was evaluated by MTT assay., Key Findings: We observed that over-expression of miR-1 by miRNA-expressing plasmid transfection in HepG2 and Hep3B cells significantly reduced the proliferation of these cells. To explore the mechanism, we examined the potential target genes of miR-1 by bioinformatics. A potent mitogen, Endothelin-1 (ET-1), attracted our attention. Elevated expression of ET-1 but reduced miR-1 level was detected both in human liver cancer tissues and in hepatoma cell lines using Western Blot and miRNA real-time PCR respectively. By the over-expression and inhibition of miR-1 in HepG2 and Hep3B, we confirmed that miR-1 negatively regulated ET-1 expression in hepatoma cells. A luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-1 regulation was established by pairing to a complementary binding site within the ET-1 3'UTR. Finally, attenuated proliferation of hepatoma cells by over-expression of miR-1 could be partially restored by exogenous ET-1 treatment., Significance: Our findings demonstrate that miR-1 could inhibit ET-1 expression to attenuate the proliferation of hepatoma cells., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)