1. Cryo-electron microscopy of extracellular vesicles associated with the marine toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum.
- Author
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Pernice MC, Closa D, and Garcés E
- Subjects
- Cryoelectron Microscopy, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Dinoflagellida, Extracellular Vesicles, Microbiota
- Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are likely an important strategy of transport and communication in marine microbial community. Their isolation and characterization from axenic culture of microbial eukaryotes represents a technological challenge not fully solved. Here, for the first time, we isolated EVs from a near-axenic culture of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. Pictures of the isolated vesicles were done with Cryo TEM (Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy). Based on their morphotype the EVs were clustered in five major groups (rounded, rounded electron-dense, lumen electron-dense, double and irregular) and each EV was measured resulting in an average size of 0.36 µm of diameter. Taking in account that in prokaryotes it has been demonstrated that EVs play an important role in the mechanism of toxicity, this descriptive work aims to be the first step to study the possible role of EVs in the toxicity of dinoflagellates., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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