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Background: Long-term studies reporting the effects of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular risk factors and events are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze reduction of multiple cardiovascular risk factors and rates of coronary events in morbidly obese patients treated with bariatric surgery and with>10 years of follow-up., Methods: This was a prospective uncontrolled study with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Cardiovascular risk factors (fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, blood pressure) have been previously determined both at surgery and 12-18 months after in 650 patients treated with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding from 1993 to 1999. Cardiovascular risk status was again determined in 2010, and the rate of coronary events during long-term (>10 years) follow-up was collected., Results: A total of 318 patients (58 men and 260 women) were retrieved. Age at surgery was 38.6 ± 10.4 years. Body mass index was 46.7 ± 7.2 kg/m(2). Follow-up was 12.7 ± 1.5 years. Weight loss was 17.6% ± 15.7% of baseline weight at 12-18 months and 17.1% ± 14.8% at 12.7 years. A significant reduction in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed at the short-term evaluation and confirmed in the long term. HDL-C was unchanged at 12-18 months and significantly increased at 12.7 years. Five coronary events (1.6%) were recorded during long-term follow-up. The rate of observed events was compared with the rate of events expected according to baseline 10-year probability of myocardial infarction calculated with the Prospective Cardiovascular Munster study (PROCAM) score. Observed rate (1.6%) was slightly lower than the expected rate (2.0%± 4.9%)., Conclusions: Stable weight loss and significant improvement of cardiovascular risk profile were observed in morbidly obese patients 10 years after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding., (Copyright © 2014 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To analyze the effects of the surgical removal of subcutaneous adipose tissue by ultrasound-assisted megalipoplasty (UAM) on energy expenditure and adipocytokine concentrations in obese women., Methods: Fifteen premenopausal obese women with BMI 37.5+/-6.3 kg/m(2) (range: 30.7-53.6 kg/m(2)) underwent UAM. Body composition (by DEXA), resting metabolic rate (REE) by indirect calorimetry, insulin resistance (by the HOMA method), leptin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, resistin and adiponectin were measured before and 1, 3, 28 and 180 days after the procedure., Results: UAM significantly reduced fat mass at day 3, without further changes in the following days. REE increased at day 3 after UAM, returned to baseline levels at day 28 and significantly declined at day 180. Leptin levels transiently increased after UAM and then declined according to fat mass reduction. C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and resistin levels acutely increased after UAM and then returned to the baseline levels. Adiponectin levels acutely declined after the procedure and then stabilized to a plasma level slightly lower than at baseline. Insulin resistance deteriorated in the acute post-operative phase and then improved., Conclusion: The surgical removal of subcutaneous fat was associated to an acute inflammatory reaction with high REE and insulin-resistance. Later on, the metabolic effects of fat mass removal appeared, with a reduction of leptin levels and REE and an improvement of insulin resistance.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate possible alterations in body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE) in type 1 multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL)., Subjects and Methods: Thirteen men aged from 40 to 78 years affected by type I MSL were compared with 13 healthy control subjects. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were determined by DEXA using both standard analysis and specifically for the lipomatous region. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry., Results: FM was higher in MSL subjects at proximal arm level, but significantly lower at distal leg level than in controls (left 1.63+/-0.55 vs. 2.26+/-0.49 kg, P<0.05; right 1.63+/-0.53 vs. 2.40+/-0.54 kg, P<0.01). Arm FFM was similar in the two groups, while distal leg FFM was significantly lower in MSL cases (left: 7.8+/-1.3 vs. 8.7+/-0.8 kg, P<0.05; right: 8.0+/-1.5 vs. 9.2+/-0.9 kg, P<0.05). FFM strongly correlated with REE (r:0.86;P<0.001). REE, expressed as an absolute value and adjusted for FFM (1830+/-215 vs. 1675+/-120 kcal, P<0.05) was higher in MSL patients., Conclusion: In conclusion, MSL patients had a marked FFM and FM atrophy in the lower segments of the legs and an altered energy expenditure (hypermetabolism).