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Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with healthcare offers a viable way to treat difficult issues like children's speech-sound disorder (SSD).AAC, or augmentative alternative communication, has shown great promise in helping people with SSD, and AI-driven methods hold even more promise for improving diagnosis and therapy. This review paper explores the synergy of AI, ML, and AAC in pediatric speech and language impairments. It also highlights current developments and potential future directions. Healthcare providers can improve communication outcomes for kids with speech impairments, increase early detection, and provide personalised therapy by utilizing AI and ML techniques. In addition to encouraging parental involvement, the combination of AI and AAC technologies spurs advancements in speech therapy applications. AI has the potential to transform healthcare and improve the quality of life for people with speech and language problems as it develops and works in tandem with medical knowledge.

Among cancer-related disorders, lung carcinoma is one of the leading causes of mortality. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) belongs to tyrosine kinase receptor family and exhibits similar characteristics to insulin type receptors. The treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) associates with ALK gene rearrangement has significantly improved since the approval of Crizotinib in 2011 as the first generation ALK inhibitor. In continuation, the second-generation drugs like ceritinib, alectinib, and brigatinib were developed to address and counteract resistance that was associated with the first-generation agents. However, resistance can develop over time, necessitating ongoing research to enhance their effectiveness. Therefore, the third-generation drug lorlatinib, which has demonstrated broad-spectrum potency against the majority of known resistance mutations and better lipophilicity, has been developed. According to current reports, the USFDA has approved five ALK-TKIs crizotinib, ceritinib, alectinib, brigatinib, and lorlatinib for ALK-associated lung cancer. Currently, several clinical trials are underway in search of better ALK inhibitors. Trials such as TPX-0131 and NVL-655 are considered fourth-generation ALK inhibitors for the treatment of patients with advanced ALK-positive or metastatic NSCLC. This review aims to provide specifics information on research works involving various ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors, clinical studies, and the development of ALK TKIs. Additionally, we suggest potential future strategies involving sequential therapy and combination techniques for managing non-small cell carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Background: Cancer, a diverse class of illnesses that have a serious impact on the human population, is a severe, complicated challenge in health care delivery and public policy. A healthy lifestyle may help us avoid several types of cancer. In 2020, there were 10.3 million cancer deaths and 19.3 million new cases worldwide. A lot of anticancer medications have been discovered due to extensive screening of synthetic compounds and natural chemicals over the last 50 years. The search for new chemotherapeutic agents that are more effective, more selective, less toxic, and more unique is still underway. Purpose: Plant-derived anticancer drugs are potent inhibitors of cancer cell lines and are therefore in high demand. The exploitation of these active ingredients must be managed to keep up with demands and be sustainable. Study design: This paper describes various natural phytoconstituents from plant origin that have anticancer potential. The main goal of this article is to increase the use of natural products and also to increase the interest of the whole world in the anti-cancer activity of natural compounds. Conclusion: Plant-derived drugs are desirable for cancer treatment because they are natural and readily available. Several useful anti-cancer compounds come from plants and these compounds have played an important role in the treatment of various types of cancer. The list of these agents includes Vinblastine, Vincristine, Docetaxel, Etoposide derived from Epipodophyllotoxin and Paclitaxel (Taxol), Flavonoids, Ginkgo biloba, Curcuma longa, Berberine, etc. However, marine organisms and microbiological organisms provided various bioactive agents/compounds with high therapeutic effects Anti-cancer treatment potential alongside herbal natural products. Examples of such drugs are trabectedin, dolastin, halichondrin, anthracyclines and enediynes. This paper focuses on novel research to explore the potential anticancer activities of several natural products that have been reported to target the tumor cell microenvironment.

Fluoroquinolones are of pivotal interest for scientists because of their excellent pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profiles. They have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and show several promising features such as, greater bioavailability, admirable tissue penetration and comparatively lower incidence of antagonistic and lethal effects. These have made the compounds highly desirable to combat several infectious diseases. Various synthetic conventions have been established to hasten the fluoroquinolone’s amination rate and to improve yield. Such methods have significant disadvantages including, costly reagents, usage of vast quantities of harmful solvents, excessive heat and sideways reactions. These drawbacks aren’t appropriate in current pharmaceutical market. Hence, it is highly desirable to develop a newer green and more efficient process for fluoroquinolones synthesis. Green chemistry methodology endeavours to achieve sustainability at the molecular level. The field of green chemistry has shown how chemists can design next-generation products and processes to make them more cost-effective while being virtuous for human health and the environment. This graphical review demonstrates the current developments in the synthesis of fluoroquinolones employing the principles of green chemistry by using the novel, recyclable and environmental-friendly catalysts and solvents.

Thiazolidin-4-one has been known as a powerful moiety present in various approved medications. Thiazolidin-4-ones are amongst the most effective and actively explored fields of current antimicrobial and antiviral chemotherapy that portray broad spectrum and potent activity. The wide range of medicinal properties of thiazolidin-4-one related drugs encourages the medicinal chemists to synthesize a significant variety of new medicinal substances. Microwave induced organic reactions earned substantial coverages in recent years due to many advantages such as ease of work, cost-effectiveness, short reaction time and excellent yield. Microwave radiations provide a substitute for traditional heating by incorporating energy to the reactions. The usage of microwave irradiation has contributed to the emergence of innovative ideas in chemistry, as energy absorption and propagation in microwave irradiation is entirely dissimilar to the traditional heating method. In synthetic chemistry, microwave heating is a rapidly growing area of research. This review cover organic synthesis of thiazolidin-4-one analogues via the use of microwave irradiation as an effective technique and the antiviral and antimicrobial action of thiazolidin-4-one based compounds.

Prodrugs, the inert derivatives of existing drugs have successfully contributed to the modification of their physicochemical properties. The improved antimicrobial potential due to enhanced lipophilicity of some of the synthesized prodrugs of antibacterial agents by various schemes has already been reported. In the current study, synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of some more lipid based prodrugs/compounds of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin has been carried out. The synthesized prodrugs/compounds have been screened for anthelmintic activity using Indian earthworms and cytotoxic activity against human lung cancer cell lines A-549 employing sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay method. The prodrugs FQF1, 6b, 6c, and 6k were found to possess promising anthelmintic activity due to improved partition coefficient. Growth of selected cells lines was found to decrease with increase in concentration of prodrugs as compared to parent drug. Prodrug, 6k having GI50 value 28.8, has been proved to be the most active among all the synthesized prodrugs. Results of present investigation reveal that some of the synthesized prodrugs/compounds were found to possess promising biological activity.

There are many ways to detect polymorphism. In this study we use the microsatellite markers to detect the polymorphism for the salt tolerance. This method has been successfully conducted in Oryza sativa and Brassica juncea. The results are reproducible. In contrast to previous methods, our method is simple and quite accurate for detecting the polymorphic bands. In this study instead of using agarose gel and ethidium bromide staining, we used non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel and a low-cost improved method for silver staining when we compare it to 11 other methods for their ability to detect simple sequence repeat polymorphisms as small as 50 bp in denaturing polyacrylamide gels. All methods detected the same alleles and banding pattern. However, important differences in sensitivity, contrast, time consumption and background were observed.

Keeping in view the immense biological importance of fluoroquinolones and aminobenzothiazoles as antimicrobials and in search for better antibacterial agents, design and synthesis of new fluoroquinolone derivatives having substituted piperazine rings at the C-7 position are described in the present communication. The synthesized compounds were characterized by suitable spectroscopic methods. Most of the new compounds (4a–l) demonstrated high in vitro antibacterial activity with some compounds exhibiting more potent activities against Gram-positive organisms than those of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and gatifloxacin. The results of the present study reveal that the compounds have significant antibacterial potential and are suitable candidates for further exploration.

A series of novel fluoroquinolone derivatives bearing N-thiomide linkage with 6-substituted-2-aminobenzothiazole substituents at the C-7 position were synthesized to obtain potent analogs active against bacterial strains. Some compounds exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus auerus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains. Among all the synthesized compounds 6-nitro substituted benzothiazole along with norfloxacin (4b) and gatifloxacin (4l) showed MIC 05 μg/ml when tested against S. auerus. Moreover, compounds 4d, 4f and 4l showed superior MIC (15, 10, and 15 μg/ml respectively) against B. subtilis. The results of the present study reveal that the compounds have significant antibacterial potential and are suitable candidates for further exploration.

Reduced levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are cause of quite a many diseases, and it cannot be directly introduced into the body to enhance its level because of the blood–brain barrier. Thus the technique used for the purpose involves the inhibition of aminobutyrate transaminase (ABAT), the enzyme catalyzing its degradation. The structure of human ABAT is not currently known experimentally, thus, it was predicted by homology modeling using pig ABAT as template due to high level of sequence similarity and conservation. A series of new γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives obtained from 4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanoic acid are used in this study. These γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives were used as ligand dockings against human ABAT as well as pig ABAT receptors.

The oxadiazole pharmacophore is considered a viable lead structure for the synthesis of more efficacious and broad spectrum antimicrobial agents. The significance of this study was to prepare various oxadiazole derivatives by introducing the 1,3,4 oxadiazole core into several molecules to explore the possibilities of some altered biological activities. Therefore, the study presents the synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant evaluation of a series of 1,3,4 substituted oxadiazole derivatives. Antimicrobial evaluation revealed that eighteen compounds were able to display variable growth inhibitory effects on the tested Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and fungal strains Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Among the synthesized derivative analogues 6f, 6l and 6r were found to be the most effective antibacterial agents. While the compounds 6c, 6l and 6q were found to be the most promising antifungal agents. On the other hand, all the synthesized compounds 6a–6r were subjected to antioxidant activity but only analogues 6l and 6q were found to exhibit potent antioxidant activity. Further compound 6l containing p-nitro phenyl moiety along with oxadiazole pharmacophore proved to be the most active antimicrobial and antioxidant agent.

In the present study novel derivatives of 4-thiazolidinone were prepared from biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against two Gram negative strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two Gram positive strains (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strain Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and C, H, N analyses. The results revealed that all synthesized compounds have a significant biological activity against the tested microorganisms. Among the synthesized derivatives 4g (biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid [2-(3-bromophenyl)-5-(3-nitrobenzylidene)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-amide) and 4i (biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid [5-(3-bromobenzylidene)-2-(3-bromophenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-amide) were found to be most effective antimicrobial compounds.