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Summary: Patients with Graves’ disease (GD) can develop Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), but the underlying pathological mechanisms driving this development remain unclear. In our study, which included patients with GD and GO, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and multiplatform analyses to investigate CD169+ classical monocytes, which secrete proinflammatory cytokines and are expanded through activated interferon signaling. We found that CD169+ clas_mono was clinically significant in predicting GO progression and prognosis, and differentiated into CD169+ macrophages that promote inflammation, adipogenesis, and fibrosis. Our murine model of early-stage GO showed that CD169+ classical monocytes accumulated in orbital tissue via the Cxcl12-Cxcr4 axis. Further studies are needed to investigate whether targeting circulating monocytes and the Cxcl12-Cxcr4 axis could alleviate GO progression.

Objective: Zishen Yutai Pill (ZYP) is a frequently used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation in women’s health. However, the effects of ZYP on endometrial epithelial response have not been fully explored. Herein, uterine natural killer cell (uNK) secretion medium was used to mimic the uterine microenvironment. Thereafter, an endometrial epithelial cell line (Ishikawa cells) was treated with ZYP-containing serum to elucidate the effects of ZYP on endometrial receptivity.Methods: uNK cells were isolated from decidual tissues of pregnant women undergoing pregnancy termination surgery, and thereafter, uNK secretion medium was collected. ZYP-containing serum was collected from rats after intragastrical administration of ZYP. Ishikawa cells were divided into three groups, one treated with blank control (control group), one treated with uNK secretion medium (uNK group), and one treated with both uNK secretion medium and ZYP-containing serum (ZYP + uNK group). Total RNAs were extracted. Gene expression profiles of Ishikawa in different groups were determined through microarray analysis. mRNA expressions of selected genes were determined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was determined using Western blotting (WB). Results: Compared with the uNK group, the gene expressions of ZYP group with a total of 1117 genes were significantly altered, among which 510 genes were upregulated and 607 genes were downregulated. Compared with uNK group, expressions of CSF1, CSF2, SPP1, and ICAM1 were upregulated (P

Objective: Zishen Yutai Pill (ZYP), containing 15 Chinese traditional medicine, is a safe and well quality-controlled TCM preparation with promising effects in many fields of reproduction. The current study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of ZYP on sperm quality and testis in varicocele (VC) rats. Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6), i.e., a sham group, a VC group, and VC groups treated with different dose of ZYP (1575 and 3150 mg/kg/d, respectively). The experimental VC model was established by partial ligation of left renal vein. Six weeks after model establishment, ZYP was orally administered once a day for the next 6 weeks. Parameters relating to testis and sperm quality were assessed. Hematoxylin–eosin staining was used to showed testicular tissue damage in experimental VC rats. Expressions of proteins relating to NLRP3 inflammasome pathways were determined using Western blot (WB). The mRNA expressions of relating genes were determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Results: ZYP could significantly improve sperm motility and decrease sperm DNA fragmentation index in VC rats (P