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"Cases of SCMR" is a case series on the SCMR website (https://www.scmr.org) for the purpose of education. The cases reflect the clinical presentation, and the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. The 2022 digital collection of cases are presented in this manuscript., Competing Interests: Competing interests There are no competing interests. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In this study Pergularia daemia unripe fruits were used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (Pd-ZnONPs). UV-vis Spectroscopy detected the production of ZnONPs. XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM studies were used to characterize the synthesized Pd-ZnONPs. Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) third instar larvae were analyzed to diverse concentrations of Pd-unripe fruit extract and Pd-ZnONPs for 24 hours to assess the larvicidal effect. Mortality was also detected in Ae. aegypti larvae under laboratory conditions, with corresponding LC 50 and LC 90 values of 11.11 and 21.20 µg/ml respectively. As a result of this study, the levels of total proteins, esterases, acetylcholine esterase, and phosphatase enzymes in the third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti were significantly lower than the control. These findings suggest that Pd-ZnONPs could be used to suppress mosquito larval populations., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Quorum sensing (QS) is a density-dependent form of cell-cell communication that triggers the functional coordination of cooperative behaviors such as the production of virulence factors and biofilm formation. Quorum quenching (QQ) refers to all processes involved in the disruption of QS and is regarded as a promising strategy for treating bacterial infections. Herein, four compounds with closely related chemical structures to homoserine γ-lactone were synthesized and fully characterized. The compounds are termed TGK-series compounds. These compounds were subsequently tested in their QS inhibition activity using an E. coli Top 10 QS biosensor strain, a GFP QS reporter, that probes the capacity of bacteria to detect their cognate autoinducer N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-homoserine lactone (3OC 6 HSL) substrate by means of a single intracellular protein LuxR. All TGK-series compounds were found to significantly inhibit the ability of bacteria to produce GFP but without exerting toxicity when applied at a concentration of 50 µM. In parallel, the interaction of TGK-series compounds with LuxR were studied by molecular docking simulations. These studies revealed that TGK-series compounds bound to the natural substrate N-(3-oxo-octanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (OOHL) binding site and that the binding ability of the compounds with the TraR protein (a surrogate of LuxR) was even more favorable in comparison with the natural substrate. It was also uncovered that TGK-series compounds form stronger hydrophobic interactions with the TraR protein than 3OC 6 HSL does, thus providing a rationale for the enhancement of the QQ activity of the synthetic TGK-series compounds. This study will serve to guide future works aimed to design promising novel QS inhibitor candidates on a rational basis., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest We declare that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized using haemocyanin (Hc-ZnONPs) purified from haemolymph of Penaeus semisulcatus were characterized using various techniques. HR-TEM and SEM microscopy indicated Hc-ZnONPs had a typical size of 20-50 nm and were spherical. The objective of current investigation was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of Hc-ZnONPs on the development and activity of digestive and metabolic enzymes, as well as the antioxidant levels in P. semisulcatus. Trial basal diets were supplemented with Hc-ZnONPs at rates of 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg kg -1 (dry feed weight) and were fed to P. semisulcatus for 30 d. For 60 mg kg -1 Hc-ZnONPs-supplemented feed, significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced endurance, development, and activity of the digestive enzyme were observed. The enzymatic antioxidants and metabolic enzymes activities in the muscle exhibited no significant changes when 10-60 mg kg -1 Hc-ZnONPs-supplemented feed was fed to P. semisulcatus. Conversely, feeding the P. semisulcatus with 80 mg kg -1 Hc-ZnONPs produced a harmful outcome, with significant increase in the enzymatic antioxidants and metabolic enzymes. Consequently, 80 mg kg -1 Hc-ZnONPs was identified as lethal to P. semisulcatus. Hence, it is proposed that the diet of P. semisulcatus can be supplemented with up to 60 mg kg -1 Hc-ZnONPs for improving the endurance, development and immunity., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Anomalies of origin of coronary arteries are an uncommon occurrence and found in approximately 1-2% of the general population. While a large proportion of these anomalies are clinically silent, a few might be hemodynamically significant and may even result in sudden cardiac death. Comprehensive knowledge of the normal as well as variant anatomies of the coronary artery origin and familiarity with imaging appearances and clinical significance of these anomalies is imperative for precise diagnosis and subsequent planning of treatment, whenever required. Multidetector computed tomography angiography, on account of its non-invasiveness, faster scan times and multiplanar reconstruction capabilities, is increasingly being utilized for characterization of coronary artery origin anomalies and their three-dimensional spatial relations. It shows a superior rate of detection of these anomalies compared to conventional angiography, providing more accurate delineation of the ostium as well as course. With the advent of newer generation CT scanners and use of advanced dose reduction techniques, images can be obtained rapidly having excellent spatial resolution and with minimal radiation dose. In this review article, we present the multidetector CT angiography imaging findings of the spectrum of anomalous coronary artery origin, using a third-generation dual-source CT scanner., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Growing demand for e-healthcare across the globe has raised concerns towards the secure and authentication enhanced medical image sharing. One of the services offered by health informatics in hospitals include an user interface through the Local Area Network (LAN) for enabling storage and access of medical records. In this paper, a security enhanced DICOM image sharing over a LAN addressing confidentiality, integrity and authentication has been proposed. Initially, the AES encrypted patient history was combined along with the thumb impression and Quick Response (QR) code of patient ID as watermark. This watermark was encrypted employing Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT), chaotic map and attractors with confusion-diffusion operations. Further, the encrypted watermark was embedded in the selected Region Of Non-Interest (RONI) pixels of DICOM image. Username & unique password credentials, Face identification and FPGA generated One Time Password (OTP) form the three layer authentication scheme for secure DICOM image access through the LAN. Web publishing medium of storing secured DICOM images in cloud has also been addressed in this work. To validate the proposed hybrid crypto-watermarking system, parameters such as key sensitivity, key space, correlation, entropy, histogram, cropping attack, Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM) were performed and the results obtained have proved the strength of the proposed algorithm against brute force, statistical and cropping attacks., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In this study, we developed positively charged liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCN) coated with chitosan (CHI) to enhance the skin permeation and distribution of 5α-reductase inhibitors for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. LCN and surface-modified LCN (CHI-LCN) were prepared by ultrasonication method, and their physicochemical properties were characterized. In vitro and in vivo skin permeation and retention were studied using porcine abdominal skin and mice skin using the Franz diffusion cell. Skin distribution and cellular uptake of LCN and CHI-LCN were also investigated. The particle size and surface charge were 244.9 ± 2.1 nm and -19.2 ± 1.1 mV, respectively, for LCNs and 300.0 ± 7.6 nm and 24.7 ± 2.4 mV, respectively, for CHI-LCN. The permeation of 5α-reductase inhibitors was significantly greater with CHI-LCN compared with LCN, whereas there was no significant difference observed in the skin distribution. In fluorescence studies, fluorescence intensity was higher for CHI-LCNs throughout the skin, whereas more intense fluorescence was seen only in the epidermis layer for LCN. CHI-LCN showed greater cellular uptake than LCN, resulting in internalization of 98.5 ± 1.9% of nanoparticles into human keratinocyte cells. In conclusion, surface modification of LCN with CHI is a promising strategy for increasing skin permeation of 5α-reductase inhibitors for topical delivery., (Copyright © 2017 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Herein, we report a simple, one step synthesis of hybrid copper oxide nanoneedles on graphene oxide sheets (GO-CuONNs) through sonochemical method. The present method affords a facile mean for controlling effective concentration of the active CuO nanoneedles on the graphene oxide sheets, and also offers the necessary stability to the resulting GO-CuONNs structure for adsorption transformations.Furthermore, this hybrid GO-CuONNs is successfully employed in the removal of a series of hazardous ionic organic dyes namely coomassie brilliant blue, methylene blue, congo red and amidoblack 10B. Through careful investigation of the material, we found that the synergetic effect between CuONNs and GO play a significant role in the adsorption of all the dyes studied. The prepared hybrid material contains both hydrophobic and hydrophilic environment which is expected to enhance the electrostatic interaction between the adsorbent and the dye molecules, consequently favouring the adsorption process., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This paper proposes a novel encryption scheme based on combining multiple chaotic maps to ensure the safe transmission of medical images. The proposed scheme uses three chaotic maps namely logistic, tent and sine maps. To achieve an efficient encryption, the proposed chao-cryptic system employs a bio-inspired crossover and mutation units to confuse and diffuse the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) image pixels. The crossover unit extensively permutes the image pixels row-wise and column-wise based on the chaotic key streams generated from the Combined Logistic-Tent (CLT) system. Prior to mutation, the pixels of the crossed over image are decomposed into two images with reduced bit depth. The decomposed images are then mutated by XOR operation with quantized chaotic sequences from Combined Logistic-Sine (CLS) system. In order to validate the sternness of the proposed algorithm, the developed chao-cryptic scheme is subjected to various security analyses such as statistical, differential, key space, key sensitivity, intentional cropping attack and chosen plaintext attack analyses. The experimental results prove the proposed DICOM cryptosystem has achieved a desirable amount of protection for real time medical image security applications., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In the present study, we developed a novel drug-like self-micellizing anticancer lipid (SMAL), and investigated its anticancer activity and effects on cell death pathways in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Three self-assembled nanoparticles were prepared, namely, SMAL102 (lauramide derivative), SMAL104 (palmitamide derivative), and SMAL108 (stearamide derivative) by a thin-film hydration technique, and were characterized for physicochemical and biological parameters. SMAL102 were nanosized (160.23 ± 8.11 nm) with uniform spherical shape, while SMAL104 and SMAL108 did not form spherical shape but formed large size nanoparticles and irregular in shape. Importantly, SMAL102 showed a cytotoxic effect towards CRC cell lines (HCT116 and HT-29), and less toxicity to a normal colon fibroblast cell line (CCD-18Co). Conversely, SMAL104 and SMAL108 did not have an anti-proliferative effect on CRC cell lines. SMAL102 nanoparticles were actively taken up by CRC cell lines, localized in the cell membrane, and exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. The normal colon cell line showed significantly less cellular uptake and non-cytotoxicity as compared with the CRC cell lines. SMAL102 nanoparticles induced caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP cleavage in HT-29 cells, indicating the induction of apoptosis; whereas LC3B was activated in HCT116 cells, indicating autophagy-induced cell death. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SMAL102 induced cell death via activation of apoptosis and autophagy in CRC cell lines. The present study could be a pioneer for further preclinical and clinical development of such compounds., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Secured sharing of the diagnostic reports and scan images of patients among doctors with complementary expertise for collaborative treatment will help to provide maximum care through faster and decisive decisions. In this context, a tri-layer cryptic solution has been proposed and implemented on Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images to establish a secured communication for effective referrals among peers without compromising the privacy of patients. In this approach, a blend of three cryptic schemes, namely Latin square image cipher (LSIC), discrete Gould transform (DGT) and Rubik׳s encryption, has been adopted. Among them, LSIC provides better substitution, confusion and shuffling of the image blocks; DGT incorporates tamper proofing with authentication; and Rubik renders a permutation of DICOM image pixels. The developed algorithm has been successfully implemented and tested in both the software (MATLAB 7) and hardware Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) environments. Specifically, the encrypted data were tested by transmitting them through an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel model. Furthermore, the sternness of the implemented algorithm was validated by employing standard metrics such as the unified average changing intensity (UACI), number of pixels change rate (NPCR), correlation values and histograms. The estimated metrics have also been compared with the existing methods and dominate in terms of large key space to defy brute force attack, cropping attack, strong key sensitivity and uniform pixel value distribution on encryption., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)