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Accurate, rapid, and automated landslide detection is crucial for early warning, emergency management, and landslide mechanism analysis. Increasingly general-purpose detection models are being deployed for these complex and dynamic tasks involving features that are difficult to characterize. However, these models are computationally expensive and memory-hungry, while the accuracy and detection efficiency remain wanting. To address the above problems, this paper proposes an end-to-end model with high-precision and lightweight design for integrated landslide detection and segmentation. Here, we customized the backbone utilizing the advanced Efficient MOdel (EMO), and further used the linear cheap operation from GhostNet to reduce computational complexity. As a result, the total parameters of our models were reduced by up to 48.13%, compared to the baseline. Building on this, we employed a dynamic detection head with multiple attention mechanisms, and proposed a lightweight attention enhancement module for strengthened multi-scale feature extraction and fusion. The results demonstrate that our model outperforms the baseline on all metrics, achieving an outstanding F1 score of 96.75%.

Ultraviolet radiation combined with free chlorine (UV/chlorine) is an attractive alternative to UV or chlorination alone for disinfection. However, •OH and Cl• radicals from UV/chlorine have recently raised increasing concerns about the possible formation of chlorinated products. A significant quantity of alkyl halides was generated from aliphatic carboxylic acids in the UV/chlorine process, in contrast to the absence of any detectable alkyl halides during chlorination alone. During the UV/chlorine process, the formation of CH3Cl, CH3CH2Cl and CH3CH2CH2Cl were was observed from acetic acid, propionic acid and n-butyric acid, respectively. The maximum yield of CH3Cl was up to 54.6 % when acetic acid was treated at a chlorine to precursors (Cl/P) ratio of 4.0. In addition to CH3Cl, CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 were also detected as the products of acetic acid. The presence of bromide ions resulted in a reduction in the yields of chloroalkanes, the formation of bromine byproducts, and an increase in the total amount of halocarbons. Hydroxyl radicals and chlorine radicals were identified as key reactants in the radical quenching experiments. The reactions described in this paper contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of halogenated byproduct formation during the UV/chlorine process. Synopsis: The radicals resulting from UV/chlorine lead to the conversion of carboxylic acids into a significant amount of alkyl halides that would not be generated by chlorination alone.

Summary: Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have prospered a rechargeable world, predominantly relying on various metal oxide cathode materials for their abilities to reversibly de-/intercalate lithium-ion, while also serving as lithium sources for batteries. Despite the success of metal oxide, issues including low energy density have raised doubts about their suitability for next-generation lithium batteries. This has sparked interest in metal chlorides, a neglected cathode material family. Metal chlorides show promise with factors like energy density, diffusion coefficient, and compressibility. Unfortunately, challenges like high solubility hamper their utilization. In this review, we highlight the opportunities for metal chlorides in the post-lithium-ion era. Subsequently, we summarize their dissolution challenges. Furthermore, we discuss recent advancements, encompassing liquid-state electrolyte engineering, solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) cooperation, and LiCl-based cathodes. Finally, we provide an outlook on future research directions of metal chlorides, emphasizing electrode fabrication, electrolyte design, the application of SSEs, and the exploration of conversion reactions.