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2. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Reitsma, MB, Kendrick, PJ, Ababneh, E, Abbafati, C, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abhilash, ES, Abila, DB, Aboyans, V, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adebayo, OM, Advani, SM, Aghaali, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, H, Aji, B, Akunna, CJ, Al-Aly, Z, Alanzi, TM, Alhabib, KF, Ali, L, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amin, TT, Amini, S, Amu, H, Amul, GGH, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, CAT, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arian, ND, Arora, M, Asaad, M, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Ayano, G, Aynalem, GL, Azari, S, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Bakhshaei, MH, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Behzadifar, M, Bekuma, TT, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berfield, KSS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bintoro, BS, Biondi, A, Birara, S, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Alberto Camera, L, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Cattaruzza, MSS, Chang, J-C, Chen, S, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, Molla, MD, Dessie, GA, Desta, AA, Dharmaratne, SD, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Hoa, TD, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Kalan, ME, Edvardsson, K, Elbarazi, I, El Tantawi, M, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Farinha, CSES, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Prendes, CF, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Filippidis, F, Fischer, F, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gallus, S, Geberemariyam, BS, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Giampaoli, S, Gill, PS, Glozah, FN, Gnedovskaya, EV, Golechha, M, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Greaves, F, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, B, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Hamadeh, RR, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hartono, RK, Hassankhani, H, Hay, SI, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Hird, TR, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsiao, T, Huang, J, Iannucci, VC, Ibitoye, SE, Idrisov, B, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, JY, Islam, RM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islami, F, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jaafari, J, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jang, S-I, Janjani, H, Jayaram, S, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Karimi, SE, Katikireddi, SV, Kebede, HK, Kelkay, B, Kennedy, RD, Khoja, AT, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, Y-E, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Lam, JO, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lee, DW, Lee, YH, Leung, J, Li, S, Lin, H, Linn, S, Liu, W, Lopez, AD, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lugo, A, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez-Raga, J, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Medina-Solis, CE, Mehata, S, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Misra, S, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Murray, CJL, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Nair, S, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Nayak, S, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nduaguba, SO, Kandel, SN, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Son, HN, Trang, HN, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Oren, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Pakhale, MPAS, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Park, E-K, Kan, FP, Patton, GC, Pawar, S, Pestell, RG, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, MA, Pirouzpanah, S, Pokhrel, KN, Polibin, RV, Prashant, A, Pribadi, DRA, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, A, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Rajai, N, Ram, P, Ranabhat, CL, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Renzaho, AMN, Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu, L, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Riaz, MA, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roy, A, Roy, B, Sacco, S, Saddik, B, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schaub, MP, Schmidt, MI, Ceola Schneider, IJ, Schutte, AE, Schwendicke, F, Seidu, A-A, Kumar, NS, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Shafaat, O, Shah, SM, Shaikh, MA, Shalash, AS, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shivakumar, KM, Shivalli, S, Shrestha, R, Siabani, S, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Santos Silva, DA, Silva, JP, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinha, DN, Sitas, F, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soboka, M, Soriano, JB, Soroush, A, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, IN, Spurlock, EE, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Steiropoulos, P, Stortecky, S, Straif, K, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Sundstrom, J, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, SK, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, EG, Tamiru, AT, Tareke, M, Tareque, MI, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tichopad, A, Tolani, MA, Topouzis, F, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Tripathy, JP, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimparis, N, Tymeson, HD, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Unim, B, Updike, RL, Vacante, M, Valdez, PR, Vardavas, C, Varona Perez, P, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vetrova, MV, Bay, V, Giang, TV, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Welding, K, Werdecker, A, Whisnant, JL, Wickramasinghe, ND, Yamagishi, K, Yandrapalli, S, Yatsuya, H, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaw, Y, Yimmer, MZ, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, TZ, Zaman, MS, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zar, HJ, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zavala-Arciniega, L, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, Gakidou, E, Reitsma, MB, Kendrick, PJ, Ababneh, E, Abbafati, C, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abhilash, ES, Abila, DB, Aboyans, V, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adebayo, OM, Advani, SM, Aghaali, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, H, Aji, B, Akunna, CJ, Al-Aly, Z, Alanzi, TM, Alhabib, KF, Ali, L, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amin, TT, Amini, S, Amu, H, Amul, GGH, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, CAT, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arian, ND, Arora, M, Asaad, M, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Ayano, G, Aynalem, GL, Azari, S, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Bakhshaei, MH, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Behzadifar, M, Bekuma, TT, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berfield, KSS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bintoro, BS, Biondi, A, Birara, S, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Alberto Camera, L, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Cattaruzza, MSS, Chang, J-C, Chen, S, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, Molla, MD, Dessie, GA, Desta, AA, Dharmaratne, SD, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Hoa, TD, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Kalan, ME, Edvardsson, K, Elbarazi, I, El Tantawi, M, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Farinha, CSES, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Prendes, CF, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Filippidis, F, Fischer, F, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gallus, S, Geberemariyam, BS, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Giampaoli, S, Gill, PS, Glozah, FN, Gnedovskaya, EV, Golechha, M, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Greaves, F, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, B, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Hamadeh, RR, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hartono, RK, Hassankhani, H, Hay, SI, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Hird, TR, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsiao, T, Huang, J, Iannucci, VC, Ibitoye, SE, Idrisov, B, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, JY, Islam, RM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islami, F, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jaafari, J, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jang, S-I, Janjani, H, Jayaram, S, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Karimi, SE, Katikireddi, SV, Kebede, HK, Kelkay, B, Kennedy, RD, Khoja, AT, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, Y-E, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Lam, JO, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lee, DW, Lee, YH, Leung, J, Li, S, Lin, H, Linn, S, Liu, W, Lopez, AD, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lugo, A, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez-Raga, J, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Medina-Solis, CE, Mehata, S, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Misra, S, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Murray, CJL, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Nair, S, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Nayak, S, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nduaguba, SO, Kandel, SN, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Son, HN, Trang, HN, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Oren, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Pakhale, MPAS, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Park, E-K, Kan, FP, Patton, GC, Pawar, S, Pestell, RG, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, MA, Pirouzpanah, S, Pokhrel, KN, Polibin, RV, Prashant, A, Pribadi, DRA, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, A, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Rajai, N, Ram, P, Ranabhat, CL, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Renzaho, AMN, Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu, L, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Riaz, MA, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roy, A, Roy, B, Sacco, S, Saddik, B, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schaub, MP, Schmidt, MI, Ceola Schneider, IJ, Schutte, AE, Schwendicke, F, Seidu, A-A, Kumar, NS, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Shafaat, O, Shah, SM, Shaikh, MA, Shalash, AS, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shivakumar, KM, Shivalli, S, Shrestha, R, Siabani, S, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Santos Silva, DA, Silva, JP, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinha, DN, Sitas, F, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soboka, M, Soriano, JB, Soroush, A, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, IN, Spurlock, EE, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Steiropoulos, P, Stortecky, S, Straif, K, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Sundstrom, J, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, SK, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, EG, Tamiru, AT, Tareke, M, Tareque, MI, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tichopad, A, Tolani, MA, Topouzis, F, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Tripathy, JP, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimparis, N, Tymeson, HD, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Unim, B, Updike, RL, Vacante, M, Valdez, PR, Vardavas, C, Varona Perez, P, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vetrova, MV, Bay, V, Giang, TV, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Welding, K, Werdecker, A, Whisnant, JL, Wickramasinghe, ND, Yamagishi, K, Yandrapalli, S, Yatsuya, H, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaw, Y, Yimmer, MZ, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, TZ, Zaman, MS, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zar, HJ, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zavala-Arciniega, L, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, and Gakidou, E

Published
2021

3. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of chewing tobacco use in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Kendrick, PJ, Reitsma, MB, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abhilash, ES, Aboyans, V, Adebayo, OM, Advani, SM, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, H, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alhabib, KF, Ali, T, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alomari, MA, Amin, TT, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arian, ND, Arora, M, Artanti, KD, Asmare, WN, Atnafu, DD, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Ayano, G, Aynalem, GL, Azari, S, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Banerjee, SK, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bekuma, TT, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Benziger, CP, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Car, J, Carreras, G, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Cattaruzza, MSS, Chang, J-C, Chaturvedi, P, Chen, S, Chido-Amajuoyi, OG, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Ciobanu, LG, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Gela, JD, Molla, MD, Desta, AA, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, M, Eagan, AW, Kalan, ME, Edvardsson, K, Effiong, A, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Filip, I, Filippidis, F, Fischer, F, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gallus, S, Geberemariyam, BS, Gebregiorgis, BG, Getacher, L, Obsa, AG, Ghafourifard, M, Gheshlagh, RG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gil, GF, Gill, PS, Ginawi, IA, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Grivna, M, Guha, A, Guimaraes, RA, Guo, Y, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Hamadeh, RR, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hay, S, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Hird, TR, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsiao, T, Huang, J, Ibeneme, CU, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, JY, Islam, RM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islami, F, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Jaafari, J, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jang, S-I, Jayaram, S, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kebede, KM, Kelkay, B, Kennedy, RD, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khayamzadeh, M, Kim, GR, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lee, DW, Lee, YH, Leung, J, Li, S, Lin, H, Liu, W, Lugo, A, Kunjathur, SM, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Mathur, P, Mazidi, M, McKee, M, Medina-Solis, CE, Mehata, S, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Misra, S, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moradzadeh, R, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Murray, CJL, Nagaraju, SP, Naghavi, M, Naik, N, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Nazari, J, Nduaguba, SO, Negoi, RI, Kandel, SN, Nguyen, HLT, Nigatu, YT, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Pakshir, K, Pana, A, Panagiotakos, D, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Park, E-K, Kan, FP, Pathak, M, Pawar, S, Pestell, RG, Pham, HQ, Pinheiro, M, Pokhrel, KN, Pourshams, A, Prashant, A, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Ram, P, Rana, J, Ranabhat, CL, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Riaz, MA, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roy, A, Roy, B, Saddik, B, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sao Jose, BP, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saya, GK, Schwendicke, F, Seidu, A-A, Kumar, NS, Sepanlou, SG, Shafaat, O, Shah, SM, Shaikh, MA, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shivakumar, KM, Shivalli, S, Shrestha, R, Siabani, S, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, JP, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinha, DN, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soroush, A, Soyiri, IN, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Steiropoulos, P, Stortecky, S, Straif, K, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Sundstrom, J, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, EG, Tamiru, AT, Tareke, M, Tareque, MI, Tarigan, IU, Thakur, B, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tolani, MA, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Tripathy, JP, Tsegaye, GW, Tymeson, HD, Ullah, S, Unim, B, Updike, RL, Uthman, OA, Vacante, M, Vardavas, C, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vidale, S, Vo, B, Vu, GT, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Welding, K, Werdecker, A, Whisnant, JL, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wubishet, BL, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaw, Y, Yimmer, MZ, Yonemoto, N, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaman, MS, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, Gakidou, E, Kendrick, PJ, Reitsma, MB, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abhilash, ES, Aboyans, V, Adebayo, OM, Advani, SM, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, H, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alhabib, KF, Ali, T, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alomari, MA, Amin, TT, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arian, ND, Arora, M, Artanti, KD, Asmare, WN, Atnafu, DD, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Ayano, G, Aynalem, GL, Azari, S, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Banerjee, SK, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bekuma, TT, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Benziger, CP, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Car, J, Carreras, G, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Cattaruzza, MSS, Chang, J-C, Chaturvedi, P, Chen, S, Chido-Amajuoyi, OG, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Ciobanu, LG, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Gela, JD, Molla, MD, Desta, AA, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, M, Eagan, AW, Kalan, ME, Edvardsson, K, Effiong, A, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Filip, I, Filippidis, F, Fischer, F, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gallus, S, Geberemariyam, BS, Gebregiorgis, BG, Getacher, L, Obsa, AG, Ghafourifard, M, Gheshlagh, RG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gil, GF, Gill, PS, Ginawi, IA, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Grivna, M, Guha, A, Guimaraes, RA, Guo, Y, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Hamadeh, RR, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hay, S, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Hird, TR, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsiao, T, Huang, J, Ibeneme, CU, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, JY, Islam, RM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islami, F, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Jaafari, J, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jang, S-I, Jayaram, S, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kebede, KM, Kelkay, B, Kennedy, RD, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khayamzadeh, M, Kim, GR, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lee, DW, Lee, YH, Leung, J, Li, S, Lin, H, Liu, W, Lugo, A, Kunjathur, SM, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Mathur, P, Mazidi, M, McKee, M, Medina-Solis, CE, Mehata, S, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Misra, S, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moradzadeh, R, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Murray, CJL, Nagaraju, SP, Naghavi, M, Naik, N, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Nazari, J, Nduaguba, SO, Negoi, RI, Kandel, SN, Nguyen, HLT, Nigatu, YT, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Pakshir, K, Pana, A, Panagiotakos, D, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Park, E-K, Kan, FP, Pathak, M, Pawar, S, Pestell, RG, Pham, HQ, Pinheiro, M, Pokhrel, KN, Pourshams, A, Prashant, A, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Ram, P, Rana, J, Ranabhat, CL, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Riaz, MA, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roy, A, Roy, B, Saddik, B, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sao Jose, BP, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saya, GK, Schwendicke, F, Seidu, A-A, Kumar, NS, Sepanlou, SG, Shafaat, O, Shah, SM, Shaikh, MA, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shivakumar, KM, Shivalli, S, Shrestha, R, Siabani, S, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, JP, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinha, DN, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soroush, A, Soyiri, IN, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Steiropoulos, P, Stortecky, S, Straif, K, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Sundstrom, J, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, EG, Tamiru, AT, Tareke, M, Tareque, MI, Tarigan, IU, Thakur, B, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tolani, MA, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Tripathy, JP, Tsegaye, GW, Tymeson, HD, Ullah, S, Unim, B, Updike, RL, Uthman, OA, Vacante, M, Vardavas, C, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vidale, S, Vo, B, Vu, GT, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Welding, K, Werdecker, A, Whisnant, JL, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wubishet, BL, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaw, Y, Yimmer, MZ, Yonemoto, N, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaman, MS, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, and Gakidou, E

Published
2021

4. OPTIMAL RANGE FOR LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) FOR DIABETIC PATIENTS ON STATIN THERAPY FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS

Author

Riaz Mahmood, DO, MS

Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Therapeutic Area: CVD Prevention – Primary and Secondary Background: Cholesterol-lowering medications such as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or statins are a guideline recommendation for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes over the age of 40. High-intensity statins can reduce low-density lipoprotein LDL cholesterol levels by as much as 50%. The optimal LDL level for statin medication patients has not been well studied. Our study aimed to determine the optimal LDL range for cardiovascular outcomes for primary and secondary prevention among patients with diabetes taking a statin. Methods: A retrospective observational study of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving statin therapy was evaluated and separated into groups based on their low-density lipoprotein (LDL) values, 100 mg/dL. The primary outcome of acute coronary syndrome and ischemic cerebrovascular accidents were analyzed in primary prevention and secondary prevention groups. A chi-squared analysis was used to determine which LDL range was deemed more effective and whether the LDL range was dependent on prevention outcomes. Additionally, a multinomial logistic regression was used to determine predictors for successful prevention management. Results: Of the 11,529 patients, most of the patients were male (52.2%) and had an LDL range of >100 mg/dL (50.98%), followed by 71-100 mg/dL (26.90%), 51-70 mg/dL (12.23%), and < 50mg/dL (9.87%). Primary prevention and LDL range were statistically dependent (χ2=12.92, p=0.044), with the LDL range of 56-70 mg/dL displaying a lower-than-expected frequency for outcomes in primary prevention (z=-2.91). On multinomial logistic regression for cardiovascular outcomes LDL group was not a significant predicator (OR , 95% CI 0.86-1.60, p

Published
2024
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5. Pentachlorophenol-induced hemotoxicity diminishes antioxidant potential and oxidizes proteins, thiols, and lipids in rat blood: An in vivo study

Author

Nikhil Maheshwari, Aijaz Ahmed Khan, Riaz Mahmood, and Samreen Salam

Subjects
Pentachlorophenol, Oxidative stress, RBC, Antioxidant status, Liver, Histopathology, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an excessively used wood preservative and pesticide, which has resulted in human exposure raising concerns about its potential toxic effects. This study is designed to evaluate the hemotoxicity of PCP in adult rats. Wistar rats were orally administered PCP (25–150 mg/kg bw) for five days while untreated (control) rats received corn oil. Animals were sacrificed, blood was taken and fractionated into plasma and red blood cells (RBC). PCP administration increased methemoglobin formation but decreased methemoglobin reductase activity. Significantly increased hydrogen peroxide level indicates initiation of oxidative stress condition in blood. PCP increased the oxidation of thiols, proteins and lipids, lowered glutathione levels, and compromised the antioxidant status of RBC in treated rats. Enzymes of the pathways of glucose breakdown, glycolysis and phosphogluconate pathway, were inhibited. Markers of liver damage were increased in the plasma of PCP-treated rats suggesting hepatotoxicity. This was confirmed by histopathological analysis of stained liver sections. Activity of xanthine oxidase, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating pro-oxidant enzyme, was increased. These hematological changes could be a result of the increased generation of ROS or direct chemical transformation by transient reaction species. These results show that PCP induces redox imbalance, diminishes antioxidant potential, inhibits metabolic pathways, and oxidizes cellular components in rat blood.This study suggests an elaborated possible molecular mechanism of PCP toxicity, and similar compounds so that methods can be devised to minimize its damaging effect.

Published
2023
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6. Fluoride enhances generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, oxidizes hemoglobin, lowers antioxidant power and inhibits transmembrane electron transport in isolated human red blood cells

Author

Nikhil Maheshwari, Neha Qasim, Ruhi Anjum, and Riaz Mahmood

Subjects
Sodium fluoride, Oxidative stress, Red blood cells, Antioxidant power, Hemoglobin, Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Fluoride is a widespread environmental pollutant that at high levels exerts numerous deleterious effects on human health. The toxic effects of fluoride are a matter of serious concern since many countries have regions of endemic fluorosis. The main source of fluoride exposure for humans is intake of contaminated groundwater. Fluoride is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and enters the circulating blood, where the abundant red blood cells (RBC) are an early and major target of fluoride toxicity. Chronic fluoride exposure generates free radicals, reactive species which leads to redox imbalance, cytotoxicity and hematological damage. This study aimed to determine the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on human RBC under in vitro conditions. Isolated RBC were incubated with different concentrations of NaF (10–500 µM) for 8 h at 37 °C. Several biochemical parameters were determined in hemolysates or whole cells. Treatment of RBC with NaF enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This increased the oxidation of hemoglobin to yield methemoglobin and oxoferrylhemoglobin, which are inactive in oxygen transport. NaF treatment increased the degradation of heme causing release of free iron from its porphyrin ring. Cellular antioxidant power was significantly decreased in NaF-treated RBC, lowering the metal reducing and free radical quenching ability of cells. The two pathways of glucose metabolism in RBC i.e. glycolysis and hexose monophosphate shunt, were inhibited. NaF also inhibited the plasma membrane redox system, and its associated ascorbate free radical reductase, to disrupt transmembrane electron transport. These results suggest that fluoride generates reactive species that cause extensive oxidative modifications in human RBC.

Published
2021
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7. Wound healing potentials of Thevetia peruviana: Antioxidants and inflammatory markers criteria

Author

Nazneen Rahman, Haseebur Rahman, Mir Haris, and Riaz Mahmood

Subjects
T. peruviana, Wound healing, Antioxidants, Anti-inflammation, Antimicrobial, Medicine
Abstract

Thevetia peruviana is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of external wounds, infected area, ring worms, tumours etc. in traditional system of medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the wound healing potentials of T. peruviana leaves hexane (LH) and fruit rind (FW) water extracts and to prove the folkloric claims. The antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials could be important strategies in defining potent wound healing drug. Based on these approaches the current study was designed using incision, excision and dead space wound models with the biochemical, antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory marker analysis. The fruit rind water extract showed highest WBS of 1133 ± 111.4 g. The extracts in excision model retrieved the excised wound i.e. complete healing of wound at day 14. The hydroxyproline content of FW and LH treated dry granuloma tissue was increased to 65.73 ± 3.2 mg/g and 53.66 ± 0.38 mg/g, accompanied by elevations of hexosamine and hexauronic acid with upregulation of GSH, catalase, SOD, peroxidase and the down regulation of the inflammatory marker (NO) and oxidative stress marker (LPO) in wet granulation tissue was documented. Conclusively, both the extracts showed enhanced WBS, rate of wound contraction, skin collagen tissue development, and early epithelisation. Therapeutic wound healing effect was further proven by reduced free radicals and inflammatory makers associated with enhanced antioxidants and connective tissue with histological evidence of more collagen formation. The present research could establish T. peruviana as potential source of effective wound healing drugs.

Published
2017
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8. Microwave assisted synthesis of novel thiazolidinone analogues as possible bioactive agents

Author

Adithya Adhikari, Balakrishna Kalluraya, Kizhakke Veedu Sujith, Kuluvar Gouthamchandra, and Riaz Mahmood

Subjects
4-Thiazolidinone, Solvent free reaction, Microwave assisted synthesis, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antifungal activity, Medicine (General), R5-920, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

A series of 5-{[(6-substituted-2-hydroxyquinolin-3-yl)methylidene]/5-[(7-substitutedtetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline-4-yl)methylidene]}-2-[(4-substitutedphenyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one was successfully synthesized under solvent free conditions by microwave irradiation in high yield. Structures of these newly synthesized compounds were established on the basis of spectral and analytical data. These novel compounds were also evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Published
2012
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9. Identification of Lysinibacillus sphaericus Binary toxin binding proteins in a malarial mosquito cell line by proteomics: A novel approach towards improving mosquito control.

Author

Riaz MA, Adang MJ, Hua G, Rezende TMT, Rezende AM, and Shen GM

Subjects
Animals, Bacillaceae, Carrier Proteins, Cell Line, Humans, Larva, Mosquito Control, Mosquito Vectors, Proteomics, Bacterial Toxins, Culex, Malaria, Zika Virus, Zika Virus Infection
Abstract

Bacterial insecticidal proteins, such as the Bin toxin from Lysinibacillus sphaericus, could be used more extensively to control insecticide resistant mosquitoes. This study was aimed at identification of mosquito cell proteins binding Bin toxin. Results showed that purified toxin was toxic to Anopheles gambiae larvae and Ag55 cultured cells. Clathrin heavy chain (an endocytosis protein) and glycolytic enzymes such as pyruvate kinase, enolase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase were identified as binders of Bin toxin. The viability of Ag55 cells in the presence of endocytosis inhibitor, pitstop2, was significantly decreased upon Bin treatment, while the inhibitor chlorpromazine did not affect Bin toxicity. Bin toxin treatment decreased ATP production and mitochondrial respiration in Ag55 cells, whereas non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption significantly increased after Bin toxin treatment. These findings are steps towards understanding how Bin toxin kills mosquitoes. SIGNIFICANCE: Mosquitoes are vectors of pathogens causing human diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever, zika virus and malaria. An insecticidal toxin from Lysinibacillus sphaericus called Binary, or Bin, toxin could be used more extensively to control insecticide resistant mosquitoes. Bin toxin enter cells in susceptible mosquitoes and induces apoptosis or autophagy. In the current research, we used the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae Ag55 cell line as a model. A proteomic-based approach identified proteins that interact with Bin toxin. Interacting proteins include clathrin heavy chain (endocytosis protein) and glycolysis enzymes such as pyruvate kinase, enolase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. In Ag55 cell toxicity assays, an endocytosis inhibitor, pitstop2, increased Bin toxicity. Real time assays with a Seahorse™ flux analyzer showed that Bin significantly affects mitochondrial respiration, a result consistent with cell death via apoptosis or autophagy. These research findings add insights into how an unusual binary protein exploits cellular machinery to kill mosquitoes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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