Search

Your search keyword '"Robert P. Heaney"' showing total 31 results
Start Over Author "Robert P. Heaney" Publisher elsevier
31 results on '"Robert P. Heaney"'

2. List of Contributors

Author

David Abraham, Maria Almeida, Elena Ambrogini, Andrew Arnold, Bence Bakos, Clemens Bergwitz, Daniel D. Bikle, John P. Bilezikian, Neil Binkley, Alessandro Bisello, L.F. Bonewald, George Bou-Gharios, Roger Bouillon, Mary L. Bouxsein, Brendan F. Boyce, Steven Boyd, Maria Luisa Brandi, David B. Burr, Laura M. Calvi, Ernesto Canalis, Xu Cao, Geert Carmeliet, Thomas O. Carpenter, Wenhan Chang, Shek Man Chim, Shilpa Choudhary, Sylvia Christakos, Yong-Hee Patricia Chun, Cristiana Cipriani, Roberto Civitelli, Thomas L. Clemens, Michael T. Collins, Caterina Conte, Mark S. Cooper, Jillian Cornish, Serge Cremers, Bess Dawson-Hughes, Benoit de Crombrugghe, Hector F. DeLuca, David W. Dempster, Matthew T. Drake, Patricia Ducy, Frank H. Ebetino, Klaus Engelke, Reinhold G. Erben, David R. Eyre, Charles R. Farber, Marina Feigenson, Mathieu Ferron, Pablo Florenzano, Francesca Fontana, Brian L. Foster, Peter A. Friedman, Seiji Fukumoto, Laura W. Gamer, Thomas J. Gardella, Patrick Garnero, Harry K. Genant, Francesca Giusti, Andy Göbel, David Goltzman, Jeffrey P. Gorski, James Griffith, R. Graham G Russell, Kurt D. Hankenson, Fadil M. Hannan, Stephen E. Harris, Iris R. Hartley, Christine Hartmann, Robert P. Heaney, Geoffrey N. Hendy, Matthew J. Hilton, Lorenz C. Hofbauer, Gill Holdsworth, Yi-Hsiang Hsu, David M. Hudson, Marja Hurley, Karl L. Insogna, Robert L. Jilka, Mark L. Johnson, Rachelle W. Johnson, Glenville Jones, Stefan Judex, Harald Jüppner, Ivo Kalajzic, Gérard Karsenty, Hua Zhu Ke, Sundeep Khosla, Douglas P. Kiel, J. Klein-Nulend, Frank C. Ko, Yasuhiro Kobayashi, Martin Konrad, Paul J. Kostenuik, Christopher S. Kovacs, Richard Kremer, Venkatesh Krishnan, Henry M. Kronenberg, Peter A. Lakatos, Uri A. Liberman, Joseph A. Lorenzo, Conor C. Lynch, Karen M. Lyons, Y. Linda Ma, Christa Maes, Michael Mannstadt, Stavros Manolagas, Robert Marcus, David E. Maridas, Pierre J. Marie, Francesca Marini, Jasna Markovac, T. John Martin, Brya G. Matthews, Antonio Maurizi, Sasan Mirfakhraee, Sharon M. Moe, David G. Monroe, Carolina A. Moreira, Ralph Müller, David S. Musson, Teruyo Nakatani, Dorit Naot, Nicola Napoli, Tally Naveh-Many, Edward F. Nemeth, Thomas L. Nickolas, Michael S. Ominsky, Noriaki Ono, David M. Ornitz, Nicola C. Partridge, Vihitaben S. Patel, J. Wesley Pike, Carol Pilbeam, Lori Plum, John T. Potts, J. Edward Puzas, Tilman D. Rachner, Audrey Rakian, Rubie Rakian, Nora E. Renthal, Julie A. Rhoades (Sterling), Mara Riminucci, Scott J. Roberts, Pamela Gehron Robey, Michael J. Rogers, G. David Roodman, Clifford J. Rosen, Vicki Rosen, David W. Rowe, Janet Rubin, Clinton T. Rubin, Karl P. Schlingmann, Ego Seeman, Markus J. Seibel, Chris Sempos, Dolores M. Shoback, Caroline Silve, Justin Silver, Natalie A. Sims, Frederick R. Singer, Joseph P. Stains, Steve Stegen, Paula H. Stern, Gaia Tabacco, Istvan Takacs, Naoyuki Takahashi, Donovan Tay, Anna Teti, Rajesh V. Thakker, Ryan E. Tomlinson, Francesco Tonelli, Dwight A. Towler, Elena Tsourdi, Chia-Ling Tu, Nobuyuki Udagawa, Connie M. Weaver, Marc N. Wein, Lee S. Weinstein, MaryAnn Weis, Michael P. Whyte, Bart O. Williams, Xin Xu, Shoshana Yakar, Yingzi Yang, Stefano Zanotti, and Hong Zhou

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. List of Contributors

Author

John S. Adams, Judith E. Adams, Jawaher A. Alsalem, Paul H. Anderson, Panagiota Andreopoulou, Edith Angellotti, Leggy A. Arnold, Gerald J. Atkins, Antonio Barbáchano, Shari S. Bassuk, Sarah Beaudin, Anna Y. Belorusova, Nancy A. Benkusky, Carlos Bernal-Mizrachi, Ishir Bhan, Harjit P. Bhattoa, Daniel D. Bikle, John P. Bilezikian, Neil C. Binkley, Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, Charles W. Bishop, Ida M. Boisen, Fabrizio Bonelli, Adele L. Boskey, Barbara J. Boucher, Roger Bouillon, Manuella Bouttier, Barbara D. Boyan, Danny Bruce, Laura Buburuzan, Andrew J. Burghardt, Thomas H.J. Burne, Mona S. Calvo, Carlos A. Camargo, Jorge B. Cannata-Andia, Margherita T. Cantorna, Carsten Carlberg, Geert Carmeliet, Thomas O. Carpenter, Graham D. Carter, Kevin D. Cashman, Lisa Ceglia, Sylvia Christakos, Kenneth B. Christopher, Rene F. Chun, Fredric L. Coe, Frederick Coffman, Juliet Compston, Cyrus Cooper, Elizabeth M. Curtis, Natalie E. Cusano, Michael Danilenko, G. David Roodman, Bess Dawson-Hughes, Pierre De Clercq, Hector F. DeLuca, Julie Demaret, Marie B. Demay, David W. Dempster, Elaine M. Dennison, Puneet Dhawan, Vassil Dimitrov, Katie M. Dixon, Maryam Doroudi, Shevaun M. Doyle, Adriana S. Dusso, Aleksey Dvorzhinskiy, Peter R. Ebeling, John A. Eisman, Gregory R. Emkey, Ervin H. Epstein Jr., Sol Epstein, Darryl Eyles, Murray J. Favus, David Feldman, Gemma Ferrer-Mayorga, David M. Findlay, James C. Fleet, Brian L. Foster, Renny T. Franceschi, David R. Fraser, Jessica M. Furst, Rachel I. Gafni, Edward Giovannucci, Christian M. Girgis, James L. Gleason, Francis H. Glorieux, Elzbieta Gocek, David Goltzman, José Manuel González-Sancho, Laura A. Graeff-Armas, William B. Grant, Natalie J. Groves, Conny Gysemans, Lasse Bøllehuus Hansen, Nicholas C. Harvey, Catherine M. Hawrylowicz, Colleen E. Hayes, Robert P. Heaney, Geoffrey N. Hendy, Pamela A. Hershberger, Martin Hewison, Michael F. Holick, Bruce W. Hollis, Philippe P. Hujoel, Elina Hyppönen, Karl L. Insogna, Nina G. Jablonski, Martin Blomberg Jensen, David A. Jolliffe, Glenville Jones, Kerry S. Jones, Harald Jüppner, Enikö Kallay, Andrew C. Karaplis, Martin Kaufmann, Mairead Kiely, Tiffany Y, Kim, Martin Konrad, Christopher S. Kovacs, Richard Kremer, Roland Krug, Rajiv Kumar, Noriyoshi Kurihara, Emma Laing, Joseph M. Lane, Dean P. Larner, María Jesús Larriba, Gilles Laverny, Nathalie Le Roy, Seong M. Lee, Michael A. Levine, Richard Lewis, Paul Lips, Thomas S. Lisse, Eva S. Liu, Philip T. Liu, Yan Li, Yan Chun Li, James G. MacKrell, Leila J. Mady, Sharmila Majumdar, Makoto Makishima, Peter J. Malloy, Elizabeth H. Mann, JoAnn E. Manson, Adrian R. Martineau, Rebecca S. Mason, Chantal Mathieu, Toshio Matsumoto, Donald G. Matthews, John J. McGrath, Daniel Metzger, Mark B. Meyer, Denshun Miao, Mathew T. Mizwicki, Rebecca J. Moon, Howard A. Morris, Li J. Mortensen, Alberto Muñoz, Yuko Nakamichi, Carmen J. Narvaez, Faye E. Nashold, Tally Naveh-Many, Carrie M. Nielson, Anthony W. Norman, Yves Nys, Melda Onal, Lubna Pal, Kristine Y. Patterson, Steven Pauwels, Pamela R. Pehrsson, Martin Petkovich, John M. Pettifor, Paul E. Pfeffer, Katherine M. Phillips, J. Wesley Pike, Stefan Pilz, Anastassios G. Pittas, Pawel Pludowski, David E. Prosser, Sri Ramulu N. Pullagura, L. Darryl Quarles, Rithwick Rajagopal, Katherine J. Ransohoff, Saaeha Rauz, Brian J. Rebolledo, Jörg Reichrath, Sandra Rieger, Amy E. Riek, Natacha Rochel, Jeffrey D. Roizen, Janet M. Roseland, Cliff Rosen, Mark S. Rybchyn, Hiroshi Saitoh, Reyhaneh Salehi-Tabar, Anne L. Schafer, Karl P. Schlingmann, Inez Schoenmakers, Zvi Schwartz, Kayla Scott, Christopher T. Sempos, Lusia Sepiashvili, Mukund Seshadri, Elizabeth Shane, Tatiana Shaurova, Irene Shui, Justin Silver, Ravinder J. Singh, Linda Skingle, René St-Arnaud, Jessica Starr, Keith R. Stayrook, Emily M. Stein, Ryan E. Stites, George P. Studzinski, Tatsuo Suda, Fumiaki Takahashi, Naoyuki Takahashi, Jean Y. Tang, Christine L. Taylor, Hugh S. Taylor, Peter J. Tebben, Thomas D. Thacher, Ravi Thadhani, Kebashni Thandrayen, Susan Thys-Jacobs, Dov Tiosano, Roberto Toni, Dwight A. Towler, Donald L. Trump, Nobuyuki Udagawa, André G. Uitterlinden, Aasis Unnanuntana, Jeroen van de Peppel, Bram C.J. van der Eerden, Marjolein van Driel, Johannes P.T.M. van Leeuwen, Natasja van Schoor, An-Sofie Vanherwegen, Aria Vazirnia, Lieve Verlinden, Annemieke Verstuyf, Reinhold Vieth, Carol L. Wagner, Graham R. Wallace, Connie Weaver, JoEllen Welsh, John H. White, Susan J. Whiting, Michael P. Whyte, John J. Wysolmerski, Sachiko Yamada, Olivia B. Yu, Kathryn Zavala, Christoph Zechner, Meltem Zeytinoglu, and Hengguang Zhao

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. List of Contributors

Author

John S. Adams, Judith E. Adams, Jawaher A. Alsalem, Paul H. Anderson, Panagiota Andreopoulou, Edith Angellotti, Leggy A. Arnold, Gerald J. Atkins, Antonio Barbáchano, Shari S. Bassuk, Sarah Beaudin, Anna Y. Belorusova, Nancy A. Benkusky, Carlos Bernal-Mizrachi, Ishir Bhan, Harjit P. Bhattoa, Daniel D. Bikle, John P. Bilezikian, Neil C. Binkley, Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, Charles W. Bishop, Ida M. Boisen, Fabrizio Bonelli, Adele L. Boskey, Barbara J. Boucher, Roger Bouillon, Manuella Bouttier, Barbara D. Boyan, Danny Bruce, Laura Buburuzan, Andrew J. Burghardt, Thomas H.J. Burne, Mona S. Calvo, Carlos A. Camargo Jr., Jorge B. Cannata-Andia, Margherita T. Cantorna, Carsten Carlberg, Geert Carmeliet, Thomas O. Carpenter, Graham D. Carter, Kevin D. Cashman, Lisa Ceglia, Sylvia Christakos, Kenneth B. Christopher, Rene F. Chun, Fredric L. Coe, Frederick Coffman, Juliet Compston, Cyrus Cooper, Elizabeth M. Curtis, Natalie E. Cusano, Michael Danilenko, G. David Roodman, Bess Dawson-Hughes, Pierre De Clercq, Hector F. DeLuca, Julie Demaret, Marie B. Demay, David W. Dempster, Elaine M. Dennison, Puneet Dhawan, Vassil Dimitrov, Katie M. Dixon, Maryam Doroudi, Shevaun M. Doyle, Adriana S. Dusso, Aleksey Dvorzhinskiy, Peter R. Ebeling, John A. Eisman, Gregory R. Emkey, Ervin H. Epstein Jr., Sol Epstein, Darryl Eyles, Murray J. Favus, David Feldman, Gemma Ferrer-Mayorga, David M. Findlay, James C. Fleet, Brian L. Foster, Renny T. Franceschi, David R. Fraser, Jessica M. Furst, Rachel I. Gafni, Edward Giovannucci, Christian M. Girgis, James L. Gleason, Francis H. Glorieux, Elzbieta Gocek, David Goltzman, José Manuel González-Sancho, Laura A. Graeff-Armas, William B. Grant, Natalie J. Groves, Conny Gysemans, Lasse Bøllehuus Hansen, Nicholas C. Harvey, Catherine M. Hawrylowicz, Colleen E. Hayes, Robert P. Heaney, Geoffrey N. Hendy, Pamela A. Hershberger, Martin Hewison, Michael F. Holick, Bruce W. Hollis, Philippe P. Hujoel, Elina Hyppönen, Karl L. Insogna, Nina G. Jablonski, Martin Blomberg Jensen, David A. Jolliffe, Glenville Jones, Kerry S. Jones, Harald Jüppner, Enikö Kallay, Andrew C. Karaplis, Martin Kaufmann, Mairead Kiely, Tiffany Y. Kim, Martin Konrad, Christopher S. Kovacs, Richard Kremer, Roland Krug, Rajiv Kumar, Noriyoshi Kurihara, Emma Laing, Joseph M. Lane, Dean P. Larner, María Jesús Larriba, Gilles Laverny, Nathalie Le Roy, Seong M. Lee, Michael A. Levine, Richard Lewis, Paul Lips, Thomas S. Lisse, Eva S. Liu, Philip T. Liu, Yan Li, Yan Chun Li, James G. MacKrell, Leila J. Mady, Sharmila Majumdar, Makoto Makishima, Peter J. Malloy, Elizabeth H. Mann, JoAnn E. Manson, Adrian R. Martineau, Rebecca S. Mason, Chantal Mathieu, Toshio Matsumoto, Donald G. Matthews, John J. McGrath, Daniel Metzger, Mark B. Meyer, Denshun Miao, Mathew T. Mizwicki, Rebecca J. Moon, Howard A. Morris, Li J. Mortensen, Alberto Muñoz, Yuko Nakamichi, Carmen J. Narvaez, Faye E. Nashold, Tally Naveh-Many, Carrie M. Nielson, Anthony W. Norman, Yves Nys, Melda Onal, Lubna Pal, Kristine Y. Patterson, Steven Pauwels, Pamela R. Pehrsson, Martin Petkovich, John M. Pettifor, Paul E. Pfeffer, Katherine M. Phillips, J. Wesley Pike, Stefan Pilz, Anastassios G. Pittas, Pawel Pludowski, David E. Prosser, Sri Ramulu N. Pullagura, L. Darryl Quarles, Rithwick Rajagopal, Katherine J. Ransohoff, Saaeha Rauz, Brian J. Rebolledo, Jörg Reichrath, Sandra Rieger, Amy E. Riek, Natacha Rochel, Jeffrey D. Roizen, Janet M. Roseland, Cliff Rosen, Mark S. Rybchyn, Hiroshi Saitoh, Reyhaneh Salehi-Tabar, Anne L. Schafer, Karl P. Schlingmann, Inez Schoenmakers, Zvi Schwartz, Kayla Scott, Christopher T. Sempos, Lusia Sepiashvili, Mukund Seshadri, Elizabeth Shane, Tatiana Shaurova, Irene Shui, Justin Silver, Ravinder J. Singh, Linda Skingle, René St-Arnaud, Jessica Starr, Keith R. Stayrook, Emily M. Stein, Ryan E. Stites, George P. Studzinski, Tatsuo Suda, Fumiaki Takahashi, Naoyuki Takahashi, Jean Y. Tang, Christine L. Taylor, Hugh S. Taylor, Peter J. Tebben, Thomas D. Thacher, Ravi Thadhani, Kebashni Thandrayen, Susan Thys-Jacobs, Dov Tiosano, Roberto Toni, Dwight A. Towler, Donald L. Trump, Nobuyuki Udagawa, André G. Uitterlinden, Aasis Unnanuntana, Jeroen van de Peppel, Bram C.J. van der Eerden, Marjolein van Driel, Johannes P.T.M. van Leeuwen, Natasja van Schoor, An-Sofie Vanherwegen, Aria Vazirnia, Lieve Verlinden, Annemieke Verstuyf, Reinhold Vieth, Carol L. Wagner, Graham R. Wallace, Connie Weaver, JoEllen Welsh, John H. White, Susan J. Whiting, Michael P. Whyte, John J. Wysolmerski, Sachiko Yamada, Olivia B. Yu, Kathryn Zavala, Christoph Zechner, Meltem Zeytinoglu, and Hengguang Zhao

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone

Author

Robert P. Heaney

Subjects
endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Osteomalacia, Hyperparathyroidism, Kidney, business.industry, Magnesium, chemistry.chemical_element, Parathyroid hormone, medicine.disease, Bone resorption, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Internal medicine, Magnesium deficiency (medicine), Vitamin D and neurology, medicine, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and magnesium interact at several levels at the whole organism level. The classical actions of PTH on bone, kidney, and gut are dependent upon adequate status of both vitamin D and magnesium. At the same time, high PTH activity increases the requirement for vitamin D and low vitamin D status is commonly associated with both subclinical magnesium deficiency and increased PTH activity.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Contributors

Author

Robert A. Adler, C.E. Ambrosini, Andrew Arnold, Zubair W. Baloch, Francisco Bandeira, Carlo Bartolozzi, Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, John P. Bilezikian, Jens Bollerslev, Maria Luisa Brandi, Edward M. Brown, Roger Bouillon, Glenda G. Callender, Tobias Carling, Vincenzo Carnevale, Monica Therese B. Cating-Cabral, Filomena Cetani, Luisella Cianferotti, Roberto Civitelli, Bart L. Clarke, Aline Correia, Felicia Cosman, Aline G. Costa, Natalie E. Cusano, Pierre D’Amour, Anthony F. De Giacomo, Marian Dejaeger, David W. Dempster, Marcella Donovan Walker, Richard Eastell, Thomas A. Einhorn, Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan, Dorothy A. Fink, Lorraine A. Fitzpatrick, Adam N. Freeman, Peter A. Friedman, Thomas J. Gardella, Andrea Giustina, David Goltzman, Didier Hans, Robert P. Heaney, Sarada Jaimunga, Sophie Jamal, Suzanne M. Jan De Beur, Harald Jüppner, Aliya A. Khan, Sundeep Khosla, Gordon L. Klein, Stavroula Kousteni, Christopher S. Kovacs, Richard Kremer, Henry M. Kronenberg, Benjamin Z. Leder, Michael A. Levine, E. Michael Lewiecki, Virginia A. Livolsi, Christa Maes, Michael Mannstadt, Claudio Marcocci, Robert Marcus, Giuliano Mariani, T. John Martin, Salvatore Mazzeo, P. Miccoli, Paul D. Miller, Salvatore Minisola, Deborah M. Mitchell, Jörgen Nordenström, Roberto Pacifici, A. Michael Parfitt, Munro Peacock, John T. Potts Jr, M. Zohair Rahman, Sudhaker D. Rao, Leila Revollo, Jeffrey Roizen, Elisabetta Romagnoli, Domenico Rubello, Mishaela R. Rubin, Isidro B. Salusky, Alfredo Scillitani, Elizabeth Shane, Dolores M. Shoback, Barbara C. Silva, Caroline Silve, Shonni J. Silverberg, Stuart M. Sprague, Elizabeth A. Streeten, Larry J. Suva, Laila Tabatabai, Rajesh V. Thakker, Dwight A. Towler, Robert Udelsman, Tamara Vokes, Robert A. Wermers, Katherine Wesseling-Perry, Michael P. Whyte, and John J. Wysolmerski

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Nutrition, Health Policy, and the Problem of Proof

Author

Robert P. Heaney and Sarah Roller

Subjects
business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Disease, Outcome (game theory), law.invention, Health promotion, Randomized controlled trial, law, Strong inference, Environmental health, Medicine, Operations management, business, Function (engineering), Health policy, Cohort study, media_common
Abstract

Both the establishing of nutrient intake recommendations and the ability of food producers to make health claims depend on development of an evidence base that links nutrient intake levels to specific health outcomes. The rules of evidence currently employed were developed for drugs and the treatment of disease. They are ill-suited to evaluating nutrients, the function of which is not treatment but health promotion. Moreover, a randomized controlled trial designed to establish a particular nutrient benefit requires that the control group be malnourished—that is, develop the disease outcomes associated with inadequate intake. Doing this is ethically impermissible. Advancement of nutrition at the policy level requires new approaches to determining optimal intake levels. Such alternative approaches include redefinition of “normal” for nutrients, the use of multisystem global outcome indices, and a modification of the non-concurrent cohort study design that avoids the ethical barrier of a controlled trial but still permits reasonably strong inference.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Calcium in the Treatment of Osteoporosis

Author

Robert P. Heaney

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Calcium intakes, business.industry, Osteoporosis, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, medicine.disease, Bone remodeling, Endocrinology, Increased calcium, chemistry, Internal medicine, Medicine, business, Bone mass
Abstract

Calcium seems to be an intuitively integral part of the treatment of osteoporosis. This is for several reasons. First, osteoporosis, in its original definition, is effectively a disease characterized by a reduced calcium nutrient reserve (i.e., bone mass). Second, animals reared on reduced calcium intakes fail to develop the full bone mass programmed into their genomes. Third, adult animals placed on calcium-deficient diets, lose bone, that is, they draw upon their calcium reserve to support their extraskeletal needs for calcium. Consistent with this intuitive involvement of calcium in the genesis and treatment of osteoporosis is a substantial body of human evidence showing that, so long as intakes of other nutrients are adequate, increased calcium intake produces a substantial antiosteoporosis effect. However, certain features of the action of calcium remain unclear and even puzzling. This chapter will review this use and the questions attending it, while Chapter 32 (Heaney) covers what is known of the metabolism of calcium, and the basis for the calcium intake requirement.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Contributors

Author

Robert A. Adler, Dennis E. Anderson, Asma Arabi, Timothy R. Arnett, Laura K. Bachrach, Ghada Ballane, Daniel Baran, George L. Barnes, Roland Baron, Douglas C. Bauer, William A. Bauman, Theresa J. Berndt, Sarah D. Berry, John P. Bilezikian, Kate A. Bolam, Lynda F. Bonewald, Sydney Lou Bonnick, Steven Boonen†, Adele L. Boskey, Roger Bouillon, Mary L. Bouxsein, Todd T. Brown, Susan B. Broy, Alexander G. Bruno, Susan V. Bukata, David B. Burr, Ernesto Canalis, Christopher P. Cardozo, Alesha B. Castillo, Jane A. Cauley, Jacqueline R. Center, Julia C. Chen, Roberto Civitelli, Adi Cohen, Robert Coleman, Juliet Compston, Felicia Cosman, Aline Costa, Natalie E. Cusano, Robin M. Daly, Michelle E. Danielson, Roger Dansey, Francisco J.A. de Paula, Kim Delbaere, David W. Dempster, Dima L. Diab, Ingrid Dick-de-Paula, Linda A. DiMeglio, Thomas A. Einhorn, Grahame J. Elder, Kristine E. Ensrud, Bruce Ettinger, David Feldman, Francesca Ferraro, Lorraine A. Fitzpatrick, Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan, Daniel A. Galvão, Margery L.S. Gass, Harry K. Genant, Deborah T. Gold, Steven R. Goldring, Francesca Gori, Gail A. Greendale, James F. Griffith, Robert P. Heaney, Hunter Heath, Christopher J. Hernandez, Jonathan Hoggatt, Christa L. Hoy, Amira I. Hussein, Urszula T. Iwaniec, Christopher R. Jacobs, Marjorie K. Jeffcoat, Helena Johansson, Stefan Judex, John A. Kanis, Lamya Karim, Masanobu Kawai, Karen L. Kemmis, Sobia Khan, Sundeep Khosla, Douglas P. Kiel, Paul Kostenuik, Aruna V. Krishnan, Henry Kronenberg, Rajiv Kumar, Mary B. Leonard, E. Michael Lewiecki, Jane B. Lian, Robert Lindsay, Allan Lipton, Stephen R. Lord, Joseph Lorenzo, Marjorie Luckey, Heather M. Macdonald, Robert Marcus, T. John Martin, Eugene V. McCloskey, Michael R. McClung, Donald P. McDonnell, Heather A. McKay, Paul Miller, Elise F. Morgan, M. Zulf Mughal, Mona Al Mukaddam, Erik R. Nelson, Dorothy A. Nelson, Jeri W. Nieves, Robert A. Nissenson, B.E. Christopher Nordin, Anders Odén, Eric S. Orwoll, Susan M. Ott, Roberto Pacifici, Alison M. Pack, A. Michael Parfitt, Dongsu Park, Melissa Premaor, Sylvain Provot, Yi-Xian Qin, John F. Randolph, Ian R. Reid, Fernando Rivadeneira, René Rizzoli, Pamela Gehron Robey, G. David Roodman, Clifford J. Rosen, Clinton T. Rubin, Janet Rubin, Kenneth G. Saag, Philip J. Saylor, David T. Scadden, Ernestina Schipani, Elizabeth Shane, Jay R. Shapiro, Catherine Sherrington, Rebecca Silbermann, Barbara C. Silva, Shonni J. Silverberg, Matthew R. Smith, Peter J. Snyder, MaryFran R. Sowers, Gary S. Stein, Emily Stein, Paula H. Stern, Cynthia A. Stuenkel, Harri Suominen, Srilatha Swami, Pawel Szulc, Dennis R. Taaffe, Brent C. Taylor, Peter J. Tebben, Russell T. Turner, André G. Uitterlinden, Jeroen van de Peppel, Bram C.J. Van der Eerden, Marjolein C.H. van der Meulen, Johannes P.T.M. van Leeuwen, Dirk Vanderschueren, Rachel B. Wagman, Leanne Ward, Suzanne E. Wardell, Nelson B. Watts, Robert S. Weinstein, Kristine M. Wiren, Joy Y. Wu, Michael T. Yin, Hua Zhou, and M. Carola Zillikens

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Contributors

Author

Merlin W. Ariefdjohan, Marion Taylor Baer, Jennifer L. Barnes, Bryan C. Batch, Sinead Ni Bhriain, Carol J. Boushey, Anne Bradford Harris, Onikia N. Brown-Esters, Lora E. Burke, Lisa Cadmus-Bertram, Mona S. Calvo, Sara C. Campbell, Rebecca B. Costello, Gemma Casadesus, Amanda J. Cross, Linda M. Delahanty, James P. DeLany, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Maria Duarte-Gardea, Johanna T. Dwyer, Mario G. Ferruzzi, Janis S. Fisler, Claire K. Fleming, Michael Flock, Jo L. Freudenheim, Rachel A. Froehlich, Daniel D. Gallaher, Karen Glanz, Réjeanne Gougeon, Martha Guevara-Cruz, Robert P. Heaney, Joan M. Heins, Holly Herrington, Steve Hertzler, James O. Hill, Kathleen M. Hill, Karry A. Jackson, Rachel K. Johnson, James A. Joseph, Deborah A. Kerr, Gyo-Nam Kim, Kee-Hong Kim, Laurence N. Kolonel, Penny Kris-Etherton, Alan R. Kristal, Robert F. Kushner, HuiChuan J. Lai, Johanna W. Lampe, Ki Won Lee, Pao-Hwa Lin, Robert Marcus, Julie A. Mares, Richard Mattes, Kristin J. Meyers, Amy E. Millen, Kris M. Mogensen, Suzanne P. Murphy, Andrew P. Neilson, Mihai D. Niculescu, Beth Ogata, Nicholas J. Ollberding, Jose M. Ordovas, Song-Yi Park, Ruth E. Patterson, George Perry, Michelle Pietzak, Susan M. Pilch, Kim Robien, Cheryl L. Rock, Alison M. Roeder, Sarah Roller, Edward Saltzman, Dennis A. Savaiano, TusaRebecca E. Schap, Helen M. Seagle, Harold E. Seifried, Meghan M. Senso, Nancy E. Sherwood, Barbara Shukitt-Hale, Ann Skulas-Ray, Mark A. Smith, Linda G. Snetselaar, Fabrizis L. Suarez, Amy F. Subar, Carol West Suitor, Laura P. Svetkey, Sze-Yen Tan, Kelly A. Tappenden, Frances E. Thompson, Cristine M. Trahms, Sabrina P. Trudo, Craig H. Warden, Connie M. Weaver, Susan J. Whiting, Holly R. Wyatt, Judith Wylie-Rosett, Zhumin Zhang, and Yaguang Zheng

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cancer prevention, business.industry, Nutritional epidemiology, Diet therapy, Disease, Clinical nutrition, medicine.disease, Obesity, Parenteral nutrition, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Medicine, Medical nutrition therapy, business, Intensive care medicine
Abstract

Section I: Basic Principles and Concepts Examining the Relationship between Diet, Nutrition and Disease: Dietary Assessment Methodology. Energy Requirement Methodology. Physical Assessment. Overview of Nutritional Epidemiology. Analysis, Presentation, and Interpretation of Dietary Data. Nutrition Intervention: Current Theoretical Bases for Nutrition Intervention and Their Uses. Nutrition Intervention: Lessons from Clinical Trials. Tools and Techniques to Facilitate Eating Behavior Change. Evaluation of Nutrition Interventions. Biomarkers and Biological Indicators of Change. Genetic Influence on Nutritional Health: Genetic Influences on Blood Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Genetics of Human Obesity. Genetic Influence on Cancer Risk. Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Supplements and Food Replacements: Role of Liquid Dietary Supplements. Composite Foods and Formulas, Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Herbs and Other Botanical Supplements: Principles and Concepts. Section II: Disease-Specific Intervention: Prevention and Treatment Cardiovascular Disease: Dietary Macronutrients and Cardiovascular Risk. Other Dietary Components and Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrition, Diet & Hypertension. Nutrition and Congestive Heart Failure. Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Nutrition and Breast Cancer. Nutrition and Colon Cancer. Nutrition and Prostate Cancer. Nutrition and Lung Cancer. Nutrition and the Patient with Cancer. Diabetes Melitus: Obesity and the Risk for Diabetes. Nutrition Management for Type 1 Diabetes. Nutritional Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrition Management for Gestational Diabetes. Obesity: Overview of Treatments and Interventions. Role of Physical Activity. Micronutrient Intake and Body Weight. Behavioral Risk Factors for Obesity: Diet and Physical Activity. Role of Taste and Appetite in Body Weight Regulation. Gastrointestinal Diseases: Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Common Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Nutrient Considerations in Lactose Intolerance. Nutrient Considerations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Short Bowel Syndrome. Nutrition and Liver Disease. Other Major Diseases: Nutrition and Renal Disease. Nutritional Management of Parkinson's Disease and Other Conditions Like Alzheimer's Disease. Osteoporosis. Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder. Nutrition and Food Allergy. Nutrition and Cystic Fibrosis. Osteomalacia. Nutrition and Immunodeficiency Syndromes. Disease Prevention Strategy: Nutrition Guidelines to Maintain Health. Epilogue.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Nutrition and Risk for Osteoporosis

Author

Robert P. Heaney

Subjects
Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Phosphorus, Osteoporosis, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, medicine.disease, Bone tissue, Skeleton (computer programming), medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Nutrient, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, business, Reduction (orthopedic surgery)
Abstract

Publisher Summary Nutrition affects bone health in two qualitatively distinct ways. Bone tissue deposition, maintenance, and repair are the result of cellular processes, and the cells of bone responsible for these functions are as dependent upon nutrition as are the cells of any other tissue. The production of bone matrix, for example, requires the synthesis and post-translational modification of collagen and an array of other proteins. Nutrients involved in such synthesis include protein, the vitamins C, D, and K, and the minerals copper, manganese, and zinc. Phosphorus is also involved indirectly in these cellular activities. Additionally, the skeleton serves as a very large nutrient reserve for two minerals, calcium and phosphorus, and the size of that reserve is dependent in part on the daily balance between absorbed intake and excretory loss of these two minerals. Bone mass is also dependent upon a variety of non-nutritional factors, such as genetics, mechanical loading, and hormonal status. These dependencies complicate the interpretation of low bone mass values because, while low bone mass always means a reduced calcium reserve, a simple reduction in bone mass does not necessarily mean that it had a nutritional cause. This chapter discusses the problems faced in the investigation of nutritional effects on bone, including nutrition-specific problems and bone-specific problems.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Contributors

Author

Steven A. Abrams, John S. Adams, Judith E. Adams, Luciano Adorini, Paul H. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Gerald J. Atkins, Ariane Berdal, Ishir Bhan, Daniel Bikle, John P. Bilezikian, Heike Bischoff-Ferrari, Adele L. Boskey, Roger Bouillon, Barbara D. Boyan, Alex J. Brown, Edward M. Brown, Danny Bruce, Andrew J. Burghardt, Thomas Burne, Mona S. Calvo, Carlos A. Camargo, Margherita Cantorna, Carsten Carlberg, Thomas O. Carpenter, Matthew W. Carson, Lisa Ceglia, Hong Chen, Songcang Chen, Sylvia Christakos, Fredric L. Coe, Juliet Compston, Heide S. Cross, Natalie E. Cusano, Bess Dawson-Hughes, Pierre De Clercq, Hector DeLuca, Michael Danilenko, Valentin David, Hector F. Deluca, Marie B. Demay, Francisco J.A. de Paula, Vianney Descroix, Puneet Dhawan, Katie M. Dixon, Harald Dobnig, Jeffrey A. Dodge, Eve Donnelly, Maryam Doroudi, Diane R. Dowd, Marc K. Drezner, Adriana S. Dusso, Peter R. Ebeling, Thomas Edouard, Guy Eelen, John A. Eisman, Tina Epps, Ervin H. Epstein, Sol Epstein, Darryl Eyles, Mary C. Farach-Carson, Murray J. Favus, David Feldman, David M. Findlay, James C. Fleet, Renny T. Franceschi, Ryoji Fujiki, David G. Gardner, Adit A. Ginde, Edward Giovannucci, Denis J. Glenn, Francis H. Glorieux, Elzbieta Gocek, David Goltzman, José Manuel González-Sancho, Clare Gordon-Thomson, Conny Gysemans, Karen E. Hansen, Carol A. Haussler, Mark R. Haussler, Colleen E. Hayes, Robert P. Heaney, Christian Helvig, Geoffrey N. Hendy, Martin Hewison, Arnold Lippert Hirsch, Michael F. Holick, Bruce W. Hollis, Elizabeth Holt, Jui-Cheng Hsieh, Karl L. Insogna, Candace Johnson, Glenville Jones, Peter W. Jurutka, Heidi J. Kalkwarf, Shigeaki Kato, Steven A. Kliewer, H. Phillip Koeffler, Hannelie Korf, Alexander Kouzmenko, Christopher S. Kovacs, Barbara E. Kream, Richard Kremer, Aruna V. Krishnan, Roland Krug, Noboru Kubodera, Rajiv Kumar, Emma M. Laing, Joseph M. Lane, María Jesús Larriba, Seong Min Lee, Richard D. Lewis, Yan Li, Yan Chun Li, Jane B. Lian, Alexander C. Lichtler, Paul Lips, Philip T. Liu, Thomas S. Lisse, Yanfei L. Ma, Paul N. MacDonald, Leila Mady, Mario Maggi, Sharmila Majumdar, Makoto Makishima, Peter J. Malloy, David J. Mangelsdorf, Jonathan M. Mansbach, JoAnn E. Manson, Rebecca S. Mason, Chantal Mathieu, Christopher G. Mayne, Timothy M. McAlindon, John McGrath, Mark B. Meyer, Mathew T. Mizwicki, Muriel Molla, Martin Montecino, Dino Moras, Annamaria Morelli, Howard A. Morris, Alberto Muñoz, Mark S. Nanes, Faye E. Nashold, Tally Naveh-Many, Wei Ni, Corwin D. Nelson, Anthony W. Norman, Fumiaki Ohtake, Ryoko Okamoto, Olivia I. Okereke, Lubna Pal, Martin Petkovich, John M. Pettifor, J. Wesley Pike, Anastassios G. Pittas, Lori A. Plum, David E. Prosser, L. Darryl Quarles, Brian J. Rebolledo, Jörg Reichrath, Natacha Rochel, Clifford J. Rosen, F. Patrick Ross, Philip Sambrook, Daniel R. Schmidt, Ryan D. Schoch, Gary G. Schwartz, Zvi Schwartz, Vanessa Sequeira, Elizabeth Shane, M. Kyla Shea, Justin Silver, Robert U. Simpson, Linda Skingle, Eduardo Slatopolsky, Harald Sourij, Justin A. Spanier, Bonny L. Specker, René St-Arnaud, Keith R. Stayrook, Emily M. Stein, Gary S. Stein, Janet L. Stein, George P. Studzinski, Fumiaki Takahashi, Jean Y. Tang, Hugh S. Taylor, Peter Tebben, Ravi Thadhani, Natalie W. Thiex, William R. Thompson, Susan Thys-Jacobs, Dov Tiosano, Dwight A. Towler, Donald Trump, André G. Uitterlinden, Aasis Unnanuntana, Maurits Vandewalle, Marjolein van Driel, Johannes P.T.M. van Leeuwen, Andre J. van Wijnen, Natasja van Schoor, Lieve Verlinden, Annemieke Verstuyf, Reinhold Vieth, Connie M. Weaver, Barrie M. Weinstein, JoEllen Welsh, John H. White, G. Kerr Whitfield, Susan J. Whiting, Michael P. Whyte, John J. Wysolmerski, Sachiko Yamada, and Ian Yip

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Vitamin D

Author

Robert P. Heaney

Subjects
Vitamin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, chemistry, Economy, Phosphorus, Extracellular fluid, Vitamin D and neurology, chemistry.chemical_element, Parathyroid hormone, Calcium, Low calcium
Abstract

Publisher Summary Vitamin D functions in many body systems, but perhaps the best attested of the nutrient's actions—and certainly the one first associated with human disease—is its role in transferring calcium (and phosphorus) from ingested food into the body fluids. In this capacity, vitamin D functions as a part of a control system that operates to maintain constancy of the calcium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid against the demands of obligatory excretory losses and skeletal mineralization. In both transfers, vitamin D works in concert with parathyroid hormone. Quantitative analysis of the inputs and drains of the calcium economy reveals that, at contemporary calcium intakes, D-mediated absorptive enhancement only partially mitigates the impact of low calcium intake or large calcium losses. While 1,25(OH)2D is clearly the most potent form of the vitamin, 25(OH) D exerts significant vitamin-D-like activity in its own right at physiological serum levels. Optimal vitamin D status is operationally defined as a level of D intake (or production) high enough to ensure that the D-mediated transfers are not limited by D availability. However, at intakes closer to those prevailing during hominid evolution, minor shifts in vitamin D mediated absorption are fully adequate to compensate for stresses on the calcium economy.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Calcium, Bone Strength and Fractures

Author

Robert P. Heaney, Joan M. Lappe, and Laura A.G. Armas

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Bone strength, Nutrient, chemistry, business.industry, Internal medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, Medicine, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, business, Bone health
Abstract

Publisher Summary Calcium is an important building block for bone. It is necessary for bone acquisition in childhood and bone maintenance in adulthood. Calcium can only be obtained from the diet, so nutrition plays a large part in bone health. This chapter focuses on calcium, but other nutritional elements such as vitamin D, phosphorus and protein are just as important for overall bone health. These nutrients' effects on skeletal health are complementary and likely additive. In nature, these nutrients are packaged and consumed together and their individual effects on bone cannot be separated from each other.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Contributors

Author

Robert A. Adler, Matthew R. Allen, Shreyasee Amin, Diana M. Antoniucci, Andre B. Araujo, Laura A.G. Armas, Giampiero I. Baroncelli, Silvano Bertelloni, Shalender Bhasin, John P. Bilezikian, Neil C. Binkley, Steven Boonen, Adele L. Boskey, Roger Bouillon, David B. Burr, Melonie Burrows, Filip Callewaert, Geert Carmeliet, Luisella Cianferotti, Juliet Compston, Felicia Cosman, Serge Cremers, K. Shawn Davison, David W. Dempster, John A. Eisman, Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan, Erik Fink Eriksen, Murray J. Favus, Dieter Felsenberg, Serge Ferrari, David P. Fyhrie, Patrick Garnero, Luigi Gennari, Piet Geusens, Vicente Gilsanz, Monica Girotra, Andrea Giusti, Andrea Giustina, Stefan Goemaere, Deborah T. Gold, X. Edward Guo, Patrick Haentjens, Johan Halse, David J. Handelsman, Elizabeth M. Haney, David A. Hanley, Robert P. Heaney, Ravi Jasuja, Helena Johansson, John A. Kanis, Jean-Marc Kaufman, Robert Klein, Stavroula Kousteni, Diane Krueger, Kishore M. Lakshman, Thomas F. Lang, Bruno Lapauw, Joan M. Lappe, Benjamin Z. Leder, Willem Lems, X. Sherry Liu, Shi S. Lu, Heather M. Macdonald, Christa Maes, Ann E Maloney, Peggy Mannen Cawthon, Claudio Marcocci, Lynn Marshall, Gherardo Mazziotti, Eugene V. McCloskey, Heather A. McKay, Christian Meier, Paul D. Miller, Bismruta Misra, Stefano Mora, Tuan V. Nguyen, Anders Oden, Claes Ohlsson, Terence W. O’Neill, Eric S. Orwoll, Socrates E. Papapoulos, René Rizzoli, Clifford J. Rosen, Martin Runge, John T. Schousboe, Ego Seeman, Markus J. Seibel, Deborah E. Sellmeyer, Elizabeth Shane, Jay R. Shapiro, Shonni J. Silverberg, Stuart L. Silverman, Rajan Singh, Emily M. Stein, Thomas W. Storer, Pawel Szulc, Mahmoud Tabbal, Youri Taes, Charles H. Turner, Liesbeth Vandenput, Dirk Vanderschueren, Katrien Venken, Lieve Verlinden, Annemieke Verstuyf, Qingju Wang, Connie M. Weaver, Felix W. Wehrli, Sunil J. Wimalawansa, Kristine M. Wiren, Roger Zebaze, and Hua Zhou

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Calcium

Author

Robert P. Heaney

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Chemistry, Osteoporosis, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, medicine.disease, Skeleton (computer programming), Bone strength, Endocrinology, Nutrient, Internal medicine, medicine, Intracellular, Bone mass
Abstract

Publisher Summary Calcium is the principal cation of bone, making up almost 20% of its dry weight. Bone constitutes a very large nutrient reserve for calcium in terrestrial vertebrates, a reserve that has acquired a major mechanical function. A major mechanism by which calcium is recognized to influence bone strength is through its effect on bone mass. Because bone functions as the calcium nutrient reserve, it follows inexorably that any depletion of that reserve (or failure to produce the genetically programmed skeletal mass during growth) would carry with it a corresponding decrease in bone strength. Calcium needed for critical cell metabolic functions is, in most cells, derived from intracellular stores of the mineral. The requirement for calcium is related to the protection of this mechanical function, not to the metabolic actions of calcium, which could be adequately protected by a reserve several orders of magnitude smaller. Lack of calcium is a key factor for occurrence of osteoporosis. Effective osteoporosis treatments involve a combination of pharmacotherapy designed to reverse the negative remodeling balance prevailing in the skeleton and physical therapy designed both to increase function and to increase mechanical loading on the skeleton.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. List of Contributors

Author

Steven A. Abrams, John S. Adams, Judith E. Adams, Luciano Adorini, Paul H. Anderson, Gerald J. Atkins, Jane E. Aubin, Isabelle Bailleul-Forestier, Julia Barsony, Thomas K. Barthel, Norman H. Bell, Ariane Berdal, Joel J. Bergh, Jacqueline L. Berry, Daniel D. Bikle, John P. Bilezikian, Ernst Binderup, Lise Binderup, Nicholas J. Bishop, Ilse Bogaerts, Ricardo L. Boland, Adele L. Boskey, Roger Bouillon, Barbara D. Boyan, Philippe Brachet, Alex J. Brown, Edward M. Brown, Carsten Carlberg, Geert Carmeliet, Thomas O. Carpenter, Marie-Claire Chapuy, Fredriech K.W. Chan, Tai C. Chen, Sylvia Christakos, Margaret Clagett-Dame, Thomas L. Clemens, Je-Yong Choi, Fredric L. Coe, Kay Colston, Juliet E. Compston, Nancy E. Cooke, Clara Crescioli, Heide S. Cross, Michael Danilenko, Jean-Luc Davideau, Michael Davies, Hector F. DeLuca, Marie B. Demay, Puneet Dhawan, Carlos Encinas Dominguez, Diane R. Dowd, Marc K. Drezner, Thomas W. Dunlop, Adriana S. Dusso, Richard Eastell, Michael J. Econs, John Eisman, Sol Epstein, Erik Fink Eriksen, Luis M. Esteban, Dan Faibish, Yue Fang, Mary C. Farach-Carson, Murray J. Favus, David Feldman, David Findlay, Christian Frank, Leonard P. Freedman, Ryuji Fujiki, Masafumi Fukagawa, Robert F. Gagel, Emmanuel Garcion, Edith M. Gardiner, Marielle Gascon-Barré, Edward Giovannucci, Henning Glerup, Francis H. Glorieux, Wagn O. Godtfredsen, David Goltzman, Soraya Gutierrez, Conny Gysemans, Bernard P. Halloran, Carol A. Haussler, Mark R. Haussler, Robert P. Heaney, Johan Heersche, Helen L. Henry, Pamela A. Hershberger, Martin Hewison, Richard A. Heyman, Kanji Higashio, Michael F. Holick, Bruce W. Hollis, Ronald L. Horst, Jui-Cheng Hsieh, Karl L. Insogna, Elizabeth T. Jacobs, Amjad Javed, Glenville Jones, Candace S. Johnson, Peter W. Jurutka, Mehmet Kahraman, S. Kaleem Zaidi, Heidi J. Kalkwarf, Shigeaki Kato, Anne-Marie Kissmeyer, Hirochika Kitagawa, Lilia M.C. Koberle, H. Phillip Koeffler, Ruth Koren, Barbara E. Kream, Richard Kremer, Aruna V. Krishnan, Noboru Kubodera, Rajiv Kumar, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Christopher J. Laing, Jacques Lemire, Frédéric Lézot, Yan Chun Li, Jane B. Lian, Alexander C. Lichtler, Paul Lips, Yan Liu, Paul MacDonald, Hubert Maehr, Mario Maggi, Peter J. Malloy, David J. Mangelsdorf, Chantal Mathieu, Brian May, Andrew P. Mee, Pierre J. Meunier, Toshimi Michigami, Martin Montecino, Dino Moras, Roberta Morosetti, Howard A. Morris, Daniel L. Motola, Josephia Muindi, Shigeo Nakajima, Tally Naveh-Many, Philippe Naveilhan, Isabelle Neveu, Anthony W. Norman, Anders Nykjaer, James O'Kelly, John L. Omdahl, Peter Ordentlich, Keiichi Ozono, A. Michael Parfitt, Donna M. Peehl, Sara Peleg, Xiaorong Peng, John M. Pettifor, J. Wesley Pike, Elizabeth A. Platz, Lori A. Plum, Shirwin Pockwinse, Huibert A.P. Pols, Anthony A. Portale, Gary H. Posner, Mehrdad Rahmaniyan, Amiram Ravid, G. Satyanarayana Reddy, Jörg Reichrath, Timothy A. Reinhardt, Alfred A. Reszka, B. Lawrence Riggs, Natacha Rochel, Mishaela R. Rubin, Andrew F. Russo, Philip Sambrook, Adina E. Schneider, Gary G. Schwartz, Zvi Schwartz, Jiali Shen, Nirupama K. Shevde, Rafal R. Sicinski, Justin Silver, Eduardo A. Slatopolsky, Bonny L. Specker, René St-Arnaud, Gary S. Stein, Janet L. Stein, Paula H. Stern, George P. Studzinski, Tatsuo Suda, Amelia L.M. Sutton, Peter Tebben, Harriet S. Tenenhouse, Michelle L. Thatcher, Susan Thys-Jacobs, Dwight A. Towler, Donald L. Trump, André G. Uitterlinden, Milan R. Uskoković, Sami Väisänen, Hugo Van Baelen, Sophie Van Cromphaut, Johannes P.T.M. van Leeuwen, Joyce B.J. van Meurs, Andre J. van Wijnen, Christel Verboven, Reinhold Vieth, Robert H. Wasserman, JoEllen Welsh, G. Kerr Whitfield, Michael P. Whyte, Thomas Willnow, Didier Wion, Hisataka Yasuda, Daniel Young, and Chi Zhang

Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Vitamin D: Role in the Calcium Economy

Author

Robert P. Heaney

Subjects
Calcium metabolism, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Biochemistry, chemistry, Internal medicine, Extracellular fluid, medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium
Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Vitamin D Round Table

Author

Pierre J. Meunier, Michael F. Holick, Reinhold Vieth, Bess Dawson-Hughes, Robert P. Heaney, and Paul Lips

Subjects
Animal science, Round table, business.industry, Vitamin D and neurology, Medicine, business
Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Preface

Author

Peter Burckhardt, Bess Dawson-Hughes, and Robert P. Heaney

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Calcium

Author

Robert P. Heaney

Subjects
Bone mineral, medicine.medical_specialty, chemistry.chemical_element, Osteoblast, Matrix (biology), Calcium, Phosphate, medicine.disease, Pyrophosphate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Alkaline phosphatase, Kidney stones
Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on calcium, which is the principal cation of bone, making up around 20% of its dry weight. Bone constitutes a very large nutrient reserve for calcium in terrestrial vertebrates, a reserve that has acquired a major mechanical function. The adult human body contains, on average, slightly more than one kg of calcium, better than 99% of which is in the form of bone and teeth. Calcium is the principal cation of bone, comprising slightly less than 40% of the mass of the bone mineral and slightly less than 20% of the dry weight of bone. Calcium exists in bone in a mineral form that is usually characterized as hydroxyapatite. Noncollagenous matrix proteins are believed to play a critical role in configuring Ca2+ and PO43– ions in space to create the hydroxyapatite template. Alkaline phosphatase, produced by the osteoblast late in the matrix deposition process, is believed to function by hydrolyzing pyrophosphate and organic phosphate esters present in the medium, which both makes extra phosphate available and removes components that otherwise function as crystal poisons, inhibiting crystal growth. The calcium required for critical cell-metabolic functions is, in most cells, derived from intracellular stores of the mineral. Bone constitutes such a large reserve of calcium that cellular functions could virtually never deplete it, no matter how low the oral intake of the nutrient. Kidney stones are perhaps the complication most often thought to be associated with high calcium intakes. However, this association has been largely speculative and not based on clinical evidence. Most multiple regression analyses of risk factors for renal calculi have found either a very weak or no association at all for calcium intake.

Published
2002
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Osteoporosis

Author

Robert P. Heaney

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, Bone density, business.industry, Osteoporosis, Physiology, medicine.disease, Bone tissue, Bone remodeling, medicine.anatomical_structure, Normal bone, Endocrinology, Increased risk, Internal medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, Medicine, business
Abstract

Osteoporosis is a condition of skeletal fragility due to decreased bone mass and to micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with consequent increased risk of fracture. Many nutrients and lifestyle interact to determine bone density and risk for osteoporosis. Knowledge of bone acquisition during childhood and adolescents has assumed a key role in predicting age-related bone loss in later years. There are also unique issues of bone metabolism that occur with pregnancy and lactation that help determine nutrient intake recommendations for women during those years. Although dietary adequacy of calcium is primarily associated with bone density, many other vitamins and minerals play important roles in the development and maintenance of normal bone. Vitamin D adequacy and its metabolites play a key role, especially with advancing age.

Published
2001
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Nutrition and Risk for Osteoporosis

Author

Jennifer L. Kelsey, Robert Marcus, Robert P. Heaney, and David Feldman

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, Phosphorus, Osteoporosis, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, Bone tissue, medicine.disease, Bone health, Nutrient, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, medicine, Reduction (orthopedic surgery), Bone mass
Abstract

Publisher Summary Nutrition affects bone health in two qualitatively distinct ways. Bone tissue deposition, maintenance, and repair are the result of cellular processes, and the cells of bone responsible for these functions are as dependent upon nutrition as are the cells of any other tissue. The production of bone matrix, for example, requires the synthesis and post-translational modification of collagen and an array of other proteins. Nutrients involved in such synthesis include protein, the vitamins C, D, and K, and the minerals copper, manganese, and zinc. Phosphorus is also involved indirectly in these cellular activities. Additionally, the skeleton serves as a very large nutrient reserve for two minerals, calcium and phosphorus, and the size of that reserve is dependent in part on the daily balance between absorbed intake and excretory loss of these two minerals. Bone mass is also dependent upon a variety of non-nutritional factors, such as genetics, mechanical loading, and hormonal status. These dependencies complicate the interpretation of low bone mass values because, while low bone mass always means a reduced calcium reserve, a simple reduction in bone mass does not necessarily mean that it had a nutritional cause. This chapter discusses the problems faced in the investigation of nutritional effects on bone, including nutrition-specific problems and bone-specific problems.

Published
2001
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Design Considerations for Clinical Investigations of Osteoporosis

Author

Robert P. Heaney

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Treatment choices, Computer science, Osteoporosis, Alternative medicine, Admission rate, medicine.disease, Expression (mathematics), Treatment and control groups, Active agent, Transgender hormone therapy, Intervention (counseling), Physical therapy, medicine, Econometrics, Bone mineral content, Noise (video), Intensive care medicine, business, Null hypothesis, Sampling bias, Biological variability
Abstract

Publisher Summary While treating a osteoporosis patient, one must perform an investigation and find a difference between treatment groups, and decide whether that difference represents an effect of the drug one has investigated, or is, instead, simply an expression of the ubiquitous underlying differences between patients—something modeled under the name “chance.” The differences found in investigations will often be of a magnitude not much larger than inherent biological variability The purpose of formal investigation is to help find the signal (if any) embedded in all the noise. Investigative noise is of two general kinds: random biological (and measurement) variability, and bias. The laws of probability helps to deal with the first of these—the random variability component—by allowing to state the likelihood that the difference one observed would have been produced solely by chance. If the only sources of variability in investigation were random chance and the agent being tested, then a finding that chance would rarely produce a result as large as the one found allows to one infer that the investigative agent probably is responsible. But often there are other factors at work. The goal in designing an investigation is to reduce, insofar as possible, the many sources of variability to just two, random chance and the effects (if any) of the active agent. However, in this chapter, another source of variability (individual judgment about treatment assignment) has been deliberately allowed to enter into the picture. Whenever one applies the laws of random chance to situations in which, under the null hypothesis, other factors are operative, one is guilty of bias. Bias takes many forms: treatment bias, volunteer bias, medical center bias, ascertainment bias, admission rate bias, reclassification bias, and many, many more. In general, the purpose of investigative design is to eliminate, or reduce to the extent possible, all bias in investigation.

Published
2001
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Contributors

Author

John J.B. Anderson, Merredith August, Daniel T. Baran, David J. Baylink, Belinda Beck, Norman H. Bell, Paolo Bianco, John P. Bilezikian, Jean-Philippe Bonjour, Mary L. Bouxsein, David B. Burr, Dennis R. Carter, Juliet Compston, Felicia Cosman, Deborah Cardamone Cusatis, Leah Rae Donahue, Thomas A. Einhorn, Murray J. Favus, Kathleen Forti-Gallant, L.J. Fraher, F. Michael Gloth, Julie Glowacki, Deborah T. Gold, Caren M. Gundberg, Robert P. Heaney, A.B. Hodsman, Mark C. Horowitz, Leonard B. Kaban, Dike N. Kalu, L. Lyndon Key, Douglas P. Kiel, Peter Lakatos, K.-H. William Lau, Meryl S. LeBoff, Peter Leong, Robert Lindsay, Loren G. Lipson, Tom Lloyd, Kenneth W. Lyles, Robert Marcus, Carlos A. Mautalen, Jeffrey D. Moffett, Subburaman Mohan, Douglas B. Muchmore, Dorothy A. Nelson, Michael C. Nevitt, Beatriz Oliveri, Eric Orwoll, Sacrates E. Papapoulos, R.L. Prince, Lawrence G. Raisz, René Rizzoli, Pamela Gehron Robey, Simon P. Robins, Clifford J. Rosen, Philip D. Ross, Clinton Rubin, Harry Rubin, Janet Rubin, Arthur Santora, Debra H. Schussheim, Ego Seeman, Markus J. Seibel, Sherry Sherman, Shonni J. Silverberg, Mehrsheed Sinaki, Ethel S. Siris, Paula H. Stern, John L. Stock, Thomas S. Thornhill, Charles H. Turner, Marjolein C.H. van der Meulen, Marie Luz Villa, Michelle P. Warren, Richard C. Wasnich, P.H. Watson, Catherine E. Wand, Jonathan M. Weiner, Mark L. Weiss, Mitchell J. Winemaker, and A. John Yates

Published
1999
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Aging and Calcium Balance

Author

Robert P. Heaney

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Calcium balance, chemistry, business.industry, Internal medicine, Osteoporosis, medicine, chemistry.chemical_element, Healthy elderly, Calcium, business, medicine.disease
Abstract

This chapter discusses the role of calcium balance in aging. Calcium balance is the resultant of several interacting forces, including nutrition, hormonal status, disuse, and general involution. Minimization of the structural impact of a negative calcium balance (that is, a depleted skeleton) requires a multifaceted approach, including, but not limited to, an adequate calcium intake. Because calcium utilization is inefficient even during growth; and becomes more so with age; calcium intake requirements are high, and rise with age. Intakes of calcium for healthy elderly persons should be in the range of 1400–1600 mg/day, and patients with osteoporosis being treated with bone active agents may need substantially more to realize the full benefit of their antiosteoporosis therapies. The goal of a high calcium intake in the elderly is both to make certain that inadequate calcium is not compounding the other negative factors influencing the aging skeleton. and to support any bone-building potential that may reside in current and future antiosteoporosis therapies.

Published
1999
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results