144 results on '"S. Mcdonald"'
Search Results
2. Western Diet-Fed, Aortic-Banded Ossabaw Swine
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T. Dylan Olver, PhD, Jenna C. Edwards, BS, Thomas J. Jurrissen, BS, Adam B. Veteto, MS, John L. Jones, MS, Chen Gao, BS, Christoph Rau, PhD, Chad M. Warren, MS, Paula J. Klutho, PhD, Linda Alex, PhD, Stephanie C. Ferreira-Nichols, BS, Jan R. Ivey, BS, Pamela K. Thorne, MS, Kerry S. McDonald, PhD, Maike Krenz, MD, Christopher P. Baines, PhD, R. John Solaro, PhD, Yibin Wang, PhD, David A. Ford, PhD, Timothy L. Domeier, PhD, Jaume Padilla, PhD, R. Scott Rector, PhD, and Craig A. Emter, PhD
- Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Summary: The development of new treatments for heart failure lack animal models that encompass the increasingly heterogeneous disease profile of this patient population. This report provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that Western Diet−fed, aortic-banded Ossabaw swine display an integrated physiological, morphological, and genetic phenotype evocative of cardio-metabolic heart failure. This new preclinical animal model displays a distinctive constellation of findings that are conceivably useful to extending the understanding of how pre-existing cardio-metabolic syndrome can contribute to developing HF. Key Words: cardio-metabolic disease, heart failure, integrative pathophysiology, preclinical model of cardiovascular disease
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Iatrogenic pneumocephalus following a cervical epidural steroid injection: A case report
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Bradley S McDonald and Derrick L Barr
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business.industry ,Respiratory arrest ,R895-920 ,Headache ,Case Report ,medicine.disease ,CT Brain ,Cervical epidural steroid injection ,Conservative treatment ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,Pneumocephalus ,Anesthesia ,Epidural ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Ct brain ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Sudden onset - Abstract
Pneumocephalus is a condition defined by air present in the intracranial space. There are several causes of pneumocephalus, however this is a case of a patient who developed pneumocephalus following a cervical epidural steroid injection. Uniquely, this patient's chief complaint was sudden onset of syncope, and respiratory arrest following the injection. The diagnosis was made by CT, and conservative treatment was used for resolution of the condition. Patients with pneumocephalus can present with a wide range of neurologic symptoms, and prompt recognition and treatment are key to preventing irreversible neurologic damage.
- Published
- 2021
4. Alterations in mitochondrial glucose carbon metabolism in epilepsy and targeted metabolic treatments
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Tanya S. McDonald, Karin Borges, Felicity Y. Han, and Weizhi Xu
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Citric acid cycle ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biochemistry ,Chemistry ,Glycolysis ,Metabolism ,Mitochondrion ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex ,Energy source ,Triheptanoin - Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing that oxidative glucose metabolism in mitochondria is impaired in epilepsy and the involved metabolic mechanisms have been further characterized by recent work. Glucose is the main energy source in brain in people who eat a conventional mixed diet with carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. In the cytoplasm, glucose is metabolized to pyruvate by glycolysis, which produces small amounts of energy. Entry of pyruvate into mitochondria and subsequent metabolism via the tricarboxylic acid cycle generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate as well as precursors for cellular biosynthesis of lipids and amino acids. Sufficient energy is important for the brain to be able to signal normally and to keep the sodium and potassium gradients stable across cellular membranes. In contrast, insufficient energy can contribute to surges in extracellular potassium levels, which destabilizes membrane potentials and signaling and can result in seizure generation in the chronic epileptic brain. The known biochemical mechanisms leading to mitochondrial impairments of glucose carbon metabolism in epilepsy are summarized in this chapter, including reduced glucose utilization, decreases in enzyme activities, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase, as well as increased anaplerotic demand. Based on this current knowledge, auxiliary brain fuels would be useful to provide extra energy to the epileptic brain. This includes ketones, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, and precursors as well as even medium chain fatty acids and triheptanoin.
- Published
- 2021
5. Does prophylactic inferior vena cava filter reduce the hazard of pulmonary embolism and mortality in severe trauma? A single center retrospective comparative study
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Haraldur Bjarnason, Damon E. Houghton, Nils-Einar Kløw, Brian D. Kim, Brian Goss, Knut Stavem, Jennifer S. McDonald, and Thien Trung Tran
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medicine.medical_specialty ,R895-920 ,Inferior vena cava filter ,VTE, venous thromboembolism ,Inferior vena cava ,Article ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,IVC, Inferior Vena Cava ,ISS, Injury Severity Score ,business.industry ,Trauma center ,Hazard ratio ,Pulmonary embolism ,Retrospective cohort study ,AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale ,Multiple trauma ,medicine.disease ,Patient outcome ,Surgery ,Venous thrombosis ,Critical care ,medicine.vein ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,DVT, deep venous thrombosis ,HR, Hazard Ratio ,PE, pulmonary embolism ,cardiovascular system ,GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale ,Injury Severity Score ,business ,Venous thromboembolism - Abstract
Highlights • Severely injured trauma patients are at high risk of venous thromboembolism. • Use of IVC filters in trauma patients without recent history of venous thromboembolism is controversial. • IVC filter placement did not reduce the hazard of pulmonary embolism or mortality but may pose an increased hazard of deep venous thrombosis., Objectives Use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters in patients following severe trauma without recent history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is controversial. Our objective was to determine if IVC filter placement in the setting of severe trauma effects the hazard of in-hospital pulmonary embolism (PE), deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and mortality. Methods This retrospective study recruited patients from a single Level I Trauma Center between 1/2008 and 12/2013. Inclusion criteria were age>15 years, Injury Severity Score (ISS)>15 and survival>24 h after hospital admission. Patients with VTE diagnosed prior to IVC filter placement were excluded. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used, adjusting for immortal time bias with landmark analysis at predefined time after injury. Differences between IVC filter and non-IVC filter groups were adjusted using propensity score. Results In total 1451 patients were reviewed; 282 patients received an IVC filter and 1169 patients had no IVC filter placed. The mean age was 45.9 vs. 56.9 years and the mean ISS was 29.8 vs. 22.6 in the IVC filter and the non-IVC filter group, respectively. IVC filter placement was not associated with the hazard of PE (HR = 0.46; 95 % CI, 0.12,1.70; P = 0.24) or mortality (HR = 1.02; 95 % CI 0.60,1.75; P = 0.93). However, IVC filter placement was associated with the hazard of DVT (HR = 2.73; 95 % CI, 1.28,5.85; P = 0.01). Conclusions In patients with severe trauma, those with prophylactic IVC filter placement did not have a reduced hazard of PE or mortality, but an increased hazard of DVT was observed.
- Published
- 2020
6. List of Contributors
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Shejla Abdic, Julie Agel, Christopher S. Ahmad, James R. Andrews, Robert A. Arciero, Christopher A. Arrigo, Michael S. Bagwell, LCDR James R. Bailey, Neil Bakshi, David Bernholt, Helen Bradley, James P. Bradley, Stephen F. Brockmeier, Robert H. Brophy, Asheesh Bedi, Jared C. Bentley, Eamon Bernardoni, Charles Bessiere, Pascal Boileau, Craig R. Bottoni, Aydin Budeyri, Stephen S. Burkhart, M. Tyrrell Burrus, Brian Busconi, Katherine Cabrejo-Jones, E. Lyle Cain, Jourdan Cancienne, Christopher Camp, W. Stephen Choate, Michael G. Ciccotti, Joseph D. Cooper, Frank A. Cordasco, Kevin M. Dale, David M. Dare, Malcolm R. DeBaun, Brooke M. Delvecchio, Patrick J. Denard, Tracey Didinger, Joshua S. Dines, Christopher C. Dodson, Kyle R. Duchman, Alex G. Dukas, Felix Dyrna, Osama Elattar, Ashraf M. Elbanna, Jonathan-James Eno, Peter D. Fabricant, Henry M. Fox, Rachel M. Frank, Michael T. Freehill, Jeffrey Freyder, Erik M. Fritz, Seth C. Gamradt, Michael J. Gardner, Raffaele Garofalo, Tistia Gaston, Patrick Gendre, Joseph A. Gil, Andrew Green, Bonnie P. Gregory, Anthony Gualtieri, Vincenzo Guarrella, Jason T. Hamamoto, M. Daniel Hatch, Richard J. Hawkins, John T. Heffernan, Laurence D. Higgins, Justin L. Hodgins, Tyler J. Hunt, Eiji Itoi, Charles M. Jobin, Donovan W. Johnson, Moin Khan, James J. Kinderknecht, Sumant 'Butch' Krishnan, Adam Kwapisz, John E. Kuhn, Laurent Lafosse, Brian C. Lau, Lionel E. Lazaro, Mark D. Lazarus, Brian Lee, William N. Levine, Michael Levinson, Barrett A. Little, C. Benjamin Ma, Peter MacDonald, Joshua W. Major, Joseph Marchese, Keisuke Matsuki, Augustus D. Mazzocca, Molly C. Meadows, Giovanni Merolla, Lucas S. McDonald, Micahel D. McKee, Karim A. Meijer, Peter J. Millett, Antony Miniaci, Philipp Moroder, Kevin R. Myers, Carl W. Nissen, Matthew P. Noyes, Michael J. O’Brien, Stephen J. O’Brien, Kevin O’Donnell, Luke S. Oh, Brett D. Owens, Ronak M. Patel, Paolo Paladini, Andrea Pelligrini, Fabian Plachel, Johannes E. Plath, Kirsten L. Poehling-Monaghan, Jonas Pogorzelski, Giuseppe Porcellini, Matthew T. Provencher, Herbert Resch, Amy Resler, Dustin L. Richter, Troy A. Roberson, Anthony A. Romeo, David L. Rubenstein, Jessica Ryu, Richard Ryu, Anthony Sanchez, George Sanchez, Felix H. Savoie, Katrina Schantz, Mark Schickendantz, Emilie Schmidt, Terrance A. Sgroi, Seth L. Sherman, Nathan W.M. Skelley, Jarrod R. Smith, Patrick A. Smith, Cory Stewart, Derek Stokes, Hiroyuki Sugaya, Gautam Deepak Talawadekar, Ettore Taverna, Dean C. Taylor, Samuel A. Taylor, Jared Thomas, Robert J. Thorsness, Jonathan B. Ticker, Fotios P. Tjoumakaris, John M. Tokish, David P. Trofa, Jeremy N. Truntzer, Nikhil N. Verma, Patrick Vignona, Mandeep S. Virk, Emil Stefan Vutescu, Jon J.P. Warner, Russell F. Warren, Paul E. Westgard, Taylor Wiley, Kevin E. Wilk, Brian R. Wolf, B. Israel Yahuaca, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, John Zajac, Alan L. Zhang, and Connor G. Ziegler
- Published
- 2018
7. Contributors
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Johan K. Aps, Jeffrey D. Bennett, David T. Brown, Angus C. Cameron, Judith R. Chin, Jeffrey A. Dean, Kevin J. Donly, Burton L. Edelstein, John D. Emhardt, Donald J. Ferguson, Elie M. Ferneini, Roberto L. Flores, James K. Hartsfield, Roberta A. Hibbard, Randy A. Hock, Donald V. Huebener, Christopher V. Hughes, Vanchit John, James E. Jones, Mathew T. Kattadiyil, Joan E. Kowolik, John T. Krull, George E. Krull, John J. Manaloor, James L. McDonald, John S. McDonald, Edwin T. Parks, Jeffrey A. Platt, Laura Romito, Brian J. Sanders, Mark A. Saxen, Amy D. Shapiro, Daniel E. Shin, Kenneth J. Spolnik, Jenny I. Stigers, George K. Stookey, Shannon L. Thompson, Erwin G. Turner, LaQuia A. Walker Vinson, James A. Weddell, Julie Weir, Ghaeth H. Yassen, and Karen M. Yoder
- Published
- 2016
8. Tumors of the Oral Soft Tissues and Cysts and Tumors of Bone
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John S. McDonald
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Oral soft tissues ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Anatomy ,business - Published
- 2016
9. Metabolic Dysfunctions in Epilepsy and Novel Metabolic Treatment Approaches
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Karin Borges, Tanya S. McDonald, and Kah Ni Tan
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Atkins diet ,medicine.medical_treatment ,food.diet ,Transporter ,Pharmacology ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Triheptanoin ,Citric acid cycle ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Epilepsy ,Endocrinology ,food ,Anticonvulsant ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Glycolysis ,Ketogenic diet - Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that dysfunction of metabolic processes such as glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the brain plays an important role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Supplementation of compounds that enhance energy production has been shown to provide protection against seizures and/or associated damage in rodent seizure models in vivo. Therefore, metabolic treatments appear to be promising alternative approaches for epilepsy. Current dietary approaches such as the ketogenic diet (KD) and modified Atkins diet (MAD) are primarily effective in children, but the KD is unsuitable as a long-term treatment for adults. Potential metabolic treatment approaches include medium-chain fatty acids, TCA-cycle substrates, and triheptanoin. The mechanisms of action underlying the anticonvulsant effects of these substrates remain to be elucidated but possibly include inhibition of glycolysis (medium-chain fats) and fast β-oxidation of medium-chain fats, which is independent from transporters and/or replenishment of the TCA cycle (anaplerosis-triheptanoin).
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- 2015
10. Contributors
- Author
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Juan Andres Abin-Carriquiry, Zeliha S. Akdemir, Alessio Alfieri, Bahareh Amin, Giovanni Appendino, Csilla Ari, Florencia Arredondo, Michael Aschner, William J. Banz, Doris Barcellona, Aysegul Bayir, Muchukunte Mukunda Srinivas Bharath, Fernanda Blasina, Carlo Blundo, Karin Borges, James M. Brimson, Michela Bruschini, Valentina Carito, Francisco Javier Carod Artal, Marco Castori, Mauro Ceccanti, George Chaldakov, H.M. Chandola, Neelima B. Chauhan, Joseph L. Cheatwood, Suengmok Cho, Stefania Ciafrè, Chiara Cipollina, Rich W. Clough, Dominic D’Agostino, Federico Dajas, Sukanya Das, Gurman Dhaliwal, Filippo Di Sacco, Marcela Díaz, Carolina Echeverry, Marco Fiore, Francesco Forfori, Federico Franceschi, Gislaine Francieli da Silva, Stephanie J.B. Fretham, Marilù Giacalone, Adriana del Giglio, Auro del Giglio, Francesco Giunta, Krishna Gokul, Lixia Guo, Lan Thi Hoàng Nguyễn, Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Apurva Kumar Joshi, Vijaya Juturu, Cigdem Kahraman, Salman Khan, Yeong Shik Kim, Pavel Klein, Eric H. Kossoff, Jianhui Liu, Giovanni E. Mann, Francesco Marongiu, Marcela Martínez, Ebany J. Martinez-Finley, Pamela A. McCombe, Tanya S. McDonald, Jogender Mehla, Nara Lins Meira Quintão, Ricka D. Messer, null Muralidhara, Rajeswara Babu Mythri, Marjan Nassiri-Asl, Tirang R. Neyestani, Shyuan T. Ngo, Sara De Nicolò, Nicola Pagnucci, Kiran S. Panickar, Raffaele Pilla, Elizabeth Pogge, null Khanh vinh quốc Lương, Felicia Rivera, Lilian Wunsch Rocha, Sanya Roysommuti, Alexander G. Schauss, Adrienne C. Scheck, Francisco J. Schopfer, Derek A. Schreihofer, Hari Sharma, Makoto Shimizu, Scott D. Smid, Lakshana Sreenivasan, Frederik J. Steyn, Motoki Tagami, Hideaki Takahata, Kah Ni Tan, Luigi Tarani, I. Irem Tatli, Tewin Tencomnao, Paola Tirassa, Stefano Togni, Alev Tosun, Ippolito Traupe, Ivana Tyrlikova, Lucía Vaamonde, Ronald Ross Watson, Eric C. Woolf, James Michael Wyss, Kazuo Yamagata, Fei Yin, Cristina Zuliani, Junzeng Zhang, and Jeffrey Zidichouski
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- 2015
11. Familiar smiling faces in Alzheimer's disease: Understanding the positivity-related recognition bias
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Nicholas R. Simmons-Stern, Brandon A. Ally, Andrew E. Budson, Rebecca S. McDonald, and Katja Werheid
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Emotions ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Disease ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Audiology ,Smiling ,Article ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Alzheimer Disease ,Face perception ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Episodic memory ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Socioemotional selectivity theory ,Recognition, Psychology ,medicine.disease ,Cognitive bias ,Comprehension ,Mood ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Alzheimer's disease ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Recent research has revealed a recognition bias favoring positive faces and other stimuli in older compared to younger adults. However, it is yet unclear whether this bias reflects an age-related preference for positive emotional stimuli, or an affirmatory bias used to compensate for episodic memory deficits. To follow up this point, the present study examined recognition of emotional faces and current mood state in patients with mild Alzheimer disease (AD) and healthy controls. Expecting lower overall memory performance, more negative and less positive mood in AD patients, the critical question was whether the positivity-related recognition bias would be increased compared to cognitively unimpaired controls. Eighteen AD patients and 18 healthy controls studied happy, neutral, and angry faces, which in a subsequent recognition task were intermixed with 50% distracter faces. As expected, the patient group showed reduced memory performance, along with a less positive and more negative mood. The recognition bias for positive faces persisted. This pattern supports the view that the positivity-induced recognition bias represents a compensatory, gist-based memory process that is applied when item-based recognition fails.
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- 2011
12. Tumors of the Oral Soft Tissues and Cysts and Tumors of the Bone
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John S. McDonald
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Oral soft tissues ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Anatomy ,business - Published
- 2011
13. Contributors
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Christopher Edward Belcher, Ronald A. Bell, Jeffrey D. Bennett, David T. Brown, David A. Bussard, Judith R. Chin, Robert J. Cronin, Murray Dock, Burton L. Edelstein, Robert J. Feigal, Donald J. Ferguson, Elie M. Ferneini, Charles J. Goodacre, Ann Page Griffin, James K. Hartsfield, Roberta A. Hibbard, Randy A. Hock, Donald V. Huebener, Christopher V. Hughes, Charles E. Hutton, Vanchit John, James E. Jones, Joan E. Kowolik, John T. Krull, George E. Krull, Thomas H. Lapp, Jasper L. Lewis, James L. McDonald, John S. McDonald, Dale A. Miles, B. Keith Moore, Edwin T. Parks, Laura Romito, Alan Michael Sadove, Brian J. Sanders, Amy D. Shapiro, Jenny I. Stigers, George K. Stookey, James A. Weddell, Gerald Z. Wright, and Karen M. Yoder
- Published
- 2011
14. Dolor obstétrico
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John S. McDonald
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business.industry ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2007
15. Colaboradores
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A Vania Apkarian, Mark Baccei, Miroslav Backonja, Panos Barlas, Ralf Baron, Allan I Basbaum, Carlos Belmonte, David L H Bennett, Charles B Berde, Karen J Berkley, Stuart Bevan, Christiane S Bieber, Klaus Bielefeldt, Marcelo E Bigal, Jörgen Boivie, Michael R Bond, Harald Breivik, Kay Brune, M Catherine Bushnell, James N Campbell, Nathan I Cherny, Mary L Chipman, John J Collins, A D (Bud) Craig, Kenneth D Craig, Jørgen B Dahl, Marshall Devor, Anthony Dickenson, Andrew Dickman, Raymond A Dionne, Jonathan O Dostrovsky, David Dubuisson, John Ellershaw, Bjorn E Eriksson, Howard L Fields, Maria Fitzgerald, Herta Flor, Lucia Gagliese, Neelima Gandham, Gerald F Gebhart, Louis Gifford, Peter J Goadsby, Sharon M Gordon, Richard H Gracely, Jan M Gybels, Hermann O Handwerker, Karla S Hayes, Jennifer A Haythornthwaite, Mary M Heinricher, Raymond G Hill, Tomas G M Hökfelt, Anita Holdcroft, Peter J Hoskin, Stephen P Hunt, Wilfrid Jänig, Troels Staehelin Jensen, Mark A Jones, Gareth T Jones, David Julius, Joel Katz, Henrik Kehlet, Brigitte L Kieffer, Hyungsuk Kim, H Richard Koerber, Bart Koes, Martin Koltzenburg, Josephine Lai, Jon D Levine, Bengt Linderoth, Richard B Lipton, Donlin M Long, Benjamin G Lopez, Thomas Lundeberg, Bruce Lynn, Gary J Macfarlane, Patrick W Mantyh, Mitchell B Max, Emeran A Mayer, John McBeth, Edwin W McCleskey, John S McDonald, Patrick J McGrath, Stephen B McMahon, Henry J McQuay, Ronald Melzack, Richard A Meyer, Björn A Meyerson, Jeffrey S Mogil, Richard C Monks, Andrew Moore, Timothy J Ness, Lone Nikolajsen, Michael H Ossipov, Parag G Patil, Frank Porreca, Donald D Price, Pierre Rainille, Srinivasa N Raja, Andrew S C Rice, Matthias Ringkamp, Michael C Rowbotham, I Jon Russell, Michael W Salter, Christine N Sang, John W Scadding, Hans-Georg Schaible, Martin Schmelz, Jean Schoenen, Stephan A Schug, David L Scott, Philip J Siddall, Brian A Simpson, Christer Sylvén, Ron R Tasker, Timo T Tervo, Michael Thacker, Andrew J Todd, Dennis C Turk, Anita M Unruh, Catherine Urch, Maurits W Van Tulder, Charles J Vierck, C Peter N Watson, Zsuzsanna Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Heng Yu Wong, Clifford J Woolf, Xiao-Jun Xu, Tony L Yaksh, Joanna M Zakrzewska, Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer, and Xu Zhang
- Published
- 2007
16. Contributing Authors
- Author
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AMMAR AL-CHALABI, DORIS-EVA BAMIOU, ROBERT W. BANKS, RICHARD J. BAROHN, TIMOTHY J. BENSTEAD, ALAN R. BERGER, C.-H. BERTHOLD, ADIL E. BHARUCHA, ROLFE BIRCH, HERBERT L. BONKOVSKY, AUGUST M. BOOTH, E. PETER BOSCH, HUGH BOSTOCK, FRANK BRADKE, ROSCOE O. BRADY, STEPHEN BRIMIJOIN, DEBORAH BUCK, RICHARD P. BUNGE, DAVID BURKE, JAMES P. BURKE, TED M. BURNS, MICHAEL CAMILLERI, J. AIDAN CARNEY, COLIN CHALK, PHILLIP F. CHANCE, S.Y. CHIU, MICHAEL P. COLLINS, JOHN H. COOTE, JAMES J. CORBETT, DAVID R. CORNBLATH, T. COWEN, PAULA CUDIA, BASIL T. DARRAS, JENNY L. DAVIES, WILLIAM C. DE GROAT, ANGELA DISPENZIERI, MARY L. DOMBOVY, MICHAEL DONAGHY, PETER J. DYCK, P. JAMES B. DYCK, ANDREW G. ENGEL, JANEAN ENGELSTAD, MARK A. FERRANTE, JOHN P. FRAHER, MASON W. FREEMAN, ROY FREEMAN, THOMAS R. FRITSCHE, ANNEKE GABREëLS-FESTEN, ERNEST D. GARDNER, CATERINA GIANNINI, DONALD H. GILDEN, HANS H. GOEBEL, RALF GOLD, IAN A. GRANT, NORMAN A. GREGSON, JOHN W. GRIFFIN, MICHAEL J. GROVES, THOMAS M. HABERMANN, ANGELIKA F. HAHN, SUSAN HALL, JOHN R. HALLIWILL, MICHAEL G. HANNA, A.E. HARDING, HANS-PETER HARTUNG, STEVEN HERSKOVITZ, AHMET HöKE, RICHARD A.C. HUGHES, CLARE HUXLEY, ROBERT R. JACOBSON, ANN JACOBY, KRISTJÁN R. JESSEN, DAVID M. JOHNSON, H. ROYDEN JONES, MICHAEL J. JOYNER, BASHAR KATIRJI, KENTON R. KAUFMAN, JOHN J. KELLY, WILLIAM R. KENNEDY, MATTHEW C. KIERNAN, BERND C. KIESEIER, JUN KIMURA, R.H.M. KING, JOHN T. KISSEL, CAROLINE M. KLEIN, CHRISTOPHER J. KLEIN, KLEOPAS A. KLEOPA, CHRISTOPHER J. KLINGELE, DAVID L. KREULEN, ROBERT A. KYLE, CATHERINE LACROIX, TERRENCE D. LAGERLUND, EDWARD H. LAMBERT, SALLY N. LAWSON, JACQUELINE A. LEAVITT, P. NIGEL LEIGH, J.G. LLEWELYN, GLENN LOPATE, PHILLIP A. LOW, JAMES R. LUPSKI, LINDA M. LUXON, RUDOLF MARTINI, CHRISTOPHER J. MATHIAS, JUSTIN C. MCARTHUR, ELIZABETH S. MCDONALD, JAMES G. MCLEOD, PHILIP G. MCMANIS, L. JOSEPH MELTON, ALBEE MESSING, VIRGINIA V. MICHELS, RHONA MIRSKY, PETER C. O'BRIEN, GRAHAM M. O'HANLON, GILMORE N. O'NEILL, DAVID J. PATERSON, ALAN PESTRONK, DAVID PLEASURE, JOHN D. POLLARD, MICHAEL POLYDEFKIS, SUDHA POTTUMARTHY, MARY M. REILLY, ANDREA ROBERTSON, GUSTAVO C. ROMAN, MICHAEL C. ROWBOTHAM, MONIQUE M. RYAN, MARTIN RYDMARK, THOMAS D. SABIN, GÉRARD SAID, DAVID S. SAPERSTEIN, FRANCESCO SCARAVILLI, HERBERT H. SCHAUMBURG, STEVEN S. SCHERER, RAPHAEL SCHIFFMANN, MARTIN SCHMELZ, JON J.A. SCOTT, KAZIM SHEIKH, JOHN T. SHEPHERD, MICHAEL E. SHY, WOLFGANG SINGER, BENN E. SMITH, ERIC J. SORENSON, JUDITH M. SPIES, ERIK V. STÅLBERG, J. CLARKE STEVENS, GUIDO STOLL, GUILLERMO A. SUAREZ, UELI SUTER, THOMAS R. SWIFT, BRUCE V. TAYLOR, AYALEW TEFFERI, STEPHEN N. THIBODEAU, P.K. THOMAS, PHILIP D. THOMPSON, ERIK C. THORLAND, D.R. TOMLINSON, ERIK TOREBJÖRK, KLAUS V. TOYKA, JOŽE V. TRONTELJ, KENNETH L. TYLER, B. ULFHAKE, PAUL M. VANHOUTTE, ANNABEL K. WANG, LAURA E. WARNER, HENRY DEF. WEBSTER, ANANDA WEERASURIYA, GWEN WENDELSCHAFER-CRABB, EELCO F.M. WIJDICKS, ASA J. WILBOURN, HUGH J. WILLISON, ANTHONY J. WINDEBANK, HARALD WITTE, JACKIE D. WOOD, BRIAN R. YOUNGE, and DOUGLAS W. ZOCHODNE
- Published
- 2005
17. Otalgia
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John S. McDonald
- Published
- 2005
18. Neurotrophic Factors in the Peripheral Nervous System
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Anthony J. Windebank and Elizabeth S. McDonald
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medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurotrophic factors ,Peripheral nervous system ,medicine ,Biology ,Neuroscience - Published
- 2005
19. Cancer Risk Reduction (Diet/Smoking Cessation/Lifestyle Changes)
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Peter Greenwald, Darrell E. Anderson, and Sharon S. McDonald
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Smoking cessation ,business ,Cancer risk ,Reduction (orthopedic surgery) - Published
- 2002
20. Obstetric Pain
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Carl R Noback and John S McDonald
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,Obstetric pain ,business - Published
- 1967
21. Airway compromise following contrast extravasation from an external jugular intravenous line
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Jennifer S. McDonald, PhD, John J. Schmitz, MD, Bernardo C. Mendes, MD, and Robert J. McDonald, MD, PhD
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Contrast extravasation ,Contrast safety ,Extravasation ,Intubation ,Iodinated contrast material ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Extravasation of iodinated contrast material (ICM) is an uncommon complication (0.1%-1.2%) following intravenous injection for computed tomography exams and other procedures. Most cases of contrast extravasation are mild and resolve without treatment. Alternative injections sites are occasionally necessary among patients with difficult vascular access and are at increased risk of contrast extravasation and subsequent complications compared to the antecubital fossa. We describe a rare case of airway compromise necessitating intubation following iodinated contrast extravasation from an external jugular IV line. Additional care and monitoring must be performed during and after injection of contrast into these higher-risk vascular access sites.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Iatrogenic pneumocephalus following a cervical epidural steroid injection: A case report
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Derrick L. Barr, BS and Bradley S. McDonald, BS
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Pneumocephalus ,Epidural ,Headache ,CT Brain ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Pneumocephalus is a condition defined by air present in the intracranial space. There are several causes of pneumocephalus, however this is a case of a patient who developed pneumocephalus following a cervical epidural steroid injection. Uniquely, this patient's chief complaint was sudden onset of syncope, and respiratory arrest following the injection. The diagnosis was made by CT, and conservative treatment was used for resolution of the condition. Patients with pneumocephalus can present with a wide range of neurologic symptoms, and prompt recognition and treatment are key to preventing irreversible neurologic damage.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Cancer Prevalence and Risk Stratification in Adults Presenting With Hematuria: A Population-Based Cohort Study
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Mitsuru Takeuchi, MD, PhD, Jennifer S. McDonald, PhD, Naoki Takahashi, MD, Igor Frank, MD, R. Houston Thompson, MD, Bernard F. King, MD, and Akira Kawashima, MD, PhD
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Objective: To calculate the prevalence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UT-UC), and lower urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (LT-UC) in patients with gross asymptomatic microhematuria (AMH) and symptomatic microhematuria (SMH). Patients and Methods: This study was a population-based retrospective descriptive study. The study was approved by both the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board and the Olmsted Medical Center Institutional Review Board, and the population used was Olmsted County residents. A total of 4453 patients who presented with an initial episode of hematuria from January 1, 2000, through December 30, 2010, were included. Of the 4453 patients (median age, 58 years; interquartile range, 44.6-73.3 years), 1487 (33.4%) had gross hematuria, 2305 (51.8%) had AMH, and 661 (14.8%) had SMH. Results: In the 1487 patients with gross hematuria, the prevalence of RCC, UT-UC, and LT-UC was 1.3%, 0.8%, and 9.0%, respectively. In the 2305 patients with AMH, the prevalence of RCC, UT-UC, and LT-UC was 0.2%, 0.3%, and 1.6%, respectively. In the 661 patients with SMH, the prevalence of RCC, UT-UC, and LT-UC was 0.6%, 0.2%, and 0.3%, respectively. Age was the most relevant risk factor for any hematuria type. Conclusion: This unique cohort study reported that the prevalence of RCC or UC in patients with AMH and SMH was low, especially in the young cohort, and a large number of intense work-ups, such as cystoscopy and computed tomography urography, currently conducted could be omitted if stratified by hematuria type and age.
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- 2021
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24. Modeling of Temporal Exposure to the Ambient Environment and Eczema Severity
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Bjorn R. Thomas, Xiang L. Tan, Shagayegh Javadzadeh, Elizabeth J. Robinson, Bryan S. McDonald, Malvina A. Krupiczojc, Syedia R. Rahman, Samiha Rahman, Rehana A. Ahmed, Rubina Begum, Habiba Khanam, David P. Kelsell, Jonathan Grigg, Robert J. Knell, and Edel A. O’Toole
- Subjects
Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Atopic eczema is a common and complex disease. Missing genetic hereditability and increasing prevalence in industrializing nations point toward an environmental driver. We investigated the temporal association of weather and pollution parameters with eczema severity. This cross-sectional clinical study was performed between May 2018 and March 2020 and is part of the Tower Hamlets Eczema Assessment. All participants had a diagnosis of eczema, lived in East London, were of Bangladeshi ethnicity, and were aged 10 after previous ambient exposure to commonly studied meteorological variables and pollutants. There were 430 participants in the groups with Eczema Area and Severity Index ≤ 10 and 149 in those with Eczema Area and Severity Index > 10. Using logistic generalized additive models and a model selection process, we found that tropospheric ozone averaged over the preceding 270 days was strongly associated with eczema severity alongside the exposure to fine particles with diameters of 2.5 μm or less (fine particulate matter) averaged over the preceding 120 days. In our models and analyses, fine particulate matter appeared to largely act in a supporting role to ozone. We show that long-term exposure to ground-level ozone at high levels has the strongest association with eczema severity.
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- 2022
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25. Cisplatin preferentially binds to DNA in dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro and in vivo: a potential mechanism for neurotoxicity
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Elizabeth S. McDonald, Kelli R. Randon, Andrew Knight, and Anthony J. Windebank
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Cisplatin ,Dorsal root ganglia ,Neuron ,Sensory neurotoxicity ,Apoptosis ,Platinum–DNA ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Cisplatin causes apoptosis of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. The amount of platinum binding to DNA correlates with cisplatin toxicity in cancer cells11 Genomic DNA platinum content of cultured embryonic DRG neurons and PC12 cells was assayed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Throughout these studies, “cisplatin” refers to the specific drug; “platinum” to the bound form of the drug that is measured in ICP-MS.. Cisplatin binds neuronal DNA more than a neuron-like dividing cell line (PC12); 10-fold at 24 h and 24-fold greater at 72 h. Difference in platinum accumulation was not due to dividing versus post-mitotic state, or to a difference in rate of repair. There was overall greater accumulation of platinum in DRG neurons. In vivo DNA–Platinum binding in adult (300 g) rat DRG was greater than in multiple other tissues. Concomitant treatment with high-dose NGF prevented cisplatin-mediated neuronal apoptosis in vitro but did not reduce adduct formation. Our results show that NGF does not alter platination of DNA, indicating that it interrupts the platinum death pathway after adduct formation. In addition, disproportionate platinum accumulation may explain why a drug aimed at killing rapidly dividing cells causes sensory neurotoxicity.
- Published
- 2005
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26. Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis of DRG Neurons Involves Bax Redistribution and Cytochrome cRelease But Not fas Receptor Signaling
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Elizabeth S. McDonald and Anthony J. Windebank
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chemotherapy ,inbred MRL LPR ,nerve growth factor ,neurotoxicity ,neurotrophins ,NGF withdrawal ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Cisplatin causes apoptosis of DRG neurons in vitro and in vivo that can be prevented by high dose NGF. Design of a neuronal rescue strategy for patients receiving cisplatin will be facilitated by knowledge of the mechanism by which cisplatin causes DRG death. Inhibition of the fas receptor/ligand interaction prevents apoptosis in certain cancer cell lines treated with DNA damaging agents, including cisplatin. We demonstrated that killing curves from mice lacking a functional fas receptor and wild-type controls were not different over a wide range of therapeutically relevant concentrations. However, cisplatin treatment of DRG caused redistribution of cytosolic bax and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c. Bax redistribution was prevented by high dose NGF. This demonstrates for the first time that cisplatin does not signal for death via the fas pathway, but it does initiate the mitochondrial stress pathway in neurons and that NGF blocks death upstream of bax redistribution.
- Published
- 2002
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27. Alterations in Cell Cycle Regulation Underlie Cisplatin Induced Apoptosis of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons in Vivo
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Stephanie J. Fischer, Elizabeth S. McDonald, LouAnn Gross, and Anthony J. Windebank
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cyclin D1 ,G1 phase ,cell cycle ,apoptosis ,cisplatin ,neurons ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Cisplatin is used in the treatment of ovarian and testicular cancer. Twenty percent of patients cannot be optimally treated because of sensory neurotoxicity. Human and animal studies demonstrate that the dorsal root ganglion neuron is the primary target of drug injury. We have previously demonstrated that cisplatin causes neuronal apoptosis in vitro. We now report a reproducible animal model of cell death induced by cisplatin. Drug was administered for 1 or 2 cycles of 5 days separated by 5 days. Total dose administered was 0, 5, 7.5, 10, or 15 mg/kg. Ganglia from 34 animals were processed and examined using in situ hybridization for cyclin D1 messenger RNA and digoxigenin coupled TUNEL staining. Overall, 2.9 ± 3.9% of neurons were TUNEL positive in treated rats compared with 0.2 ± 0.3% in controls (P < .005). There was a strong positive correlation (r2 = 0.88; P = 0.018) between percentage of TUNEL stained DRG and cumulative dose of cisplatin. Two independent approaches to quantitation of in situ cyclin D1 hybridization were used; blinded grading by an observer and measurement of color density using digital image analysis. Both demonstrated dramatic upregulation of expression of cyclin D1 mRNA in treated compared with control rats. This demonstrates that apoptosis of neurons is preceded by aberrant reentry into G1 phase of the cell cycle in an animal model.
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- 2001
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28. Improving Influenza Vaccine Uptake During Pregnancy Through Vaccination at Point of Care: A Before and After Study.
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Manji S, Reyes LI, McDonald S, Amarbayan M, Fell DB, Metcalfe A, and Castillo E
- Abstract
Objectives: Vaccine administration where pregnant individuals receive prenatal care may increase vaccine coverage. Availability of influenza vaccine at prenatal care visits is not standard in Canada. Since the 2016-2017 influenza season, pregnant individuals can receive the influenza vaccine at point of care (POC) in an urban clinic in Calgary, Alberta. The objective of this study was to descriptively examine vaccination rates across multiple influenza seasons for a POC-vaccination in pregnancy (VIP) intervention and describe associations between influenza vaccine coverage and comorbidities and area-level socioeconomic status., Methods: A before-and-after study design was used to examine vaccine coverage across six consecutive influenza seasons: two before (2014-2015 and 2015-2016) and four after POC-VIP implementation (2016-2017 to 2019-2020). We identified the birth cohort and measured influenza vaccine uptake using clinical and administrative databases. Influenza vaccination rates were computed and compared using Fisher's exact test with statistical significance at P value 0.05 RESULTS: A total of 4443 pregnancies were identified during the study period. The influenza vaccination rate increased in the intervention years at 40.1 per 1000 patient-weeks (P < 0.001), compared to the pre-intervention influenza seasons at 11.7 per 1000 patient-weeks. Vaccine coverage did not statistically differ between pregnancies with or without comorbidities across most seasons. Vaccine coverage decreased as material deprivation increased in pre-intervention years., Conclusion: The vaccination rate was higher in the intervention years compared to the pre-intervention period. In this study, we applied a systematic methodology to examine vaccine coverage in pregnancy and presented a descriptive examination of a POC-VIP intervention., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
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- 2024
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29. Primary Infection Site as a Predictor of Sepsis Development in Emergency Department Patients.
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Vadhan JD, Thoppil J, Vasquez O, Suarez A, Bartels B, McDonald S, Courtney DM, Farrar JD, and Thakur B
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- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Urinary Tract Infections epidemiology, Adult, Length of Stay statistics & numerical data, Soft Tissue Infections complications, Shock, Septic mortality, Emergency Service, Hospital organization & administration, Emergency Service, Hospital statistics & numerical data, Sepsis mortality, Sepsis complications, Hospital Mortality
- Abstract
Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition but predicting its development and progression remains a challenge., Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of infection site on sepsis development among emergency department (ED) patients., Methods: Data were collected from a single-center ED between January 2016 and December 2019. Patient encounters with documented infections, as defined by the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms for upper respiratory tract (URI), lower respiratory tract (LRI), urinary tract (UTI), or skin or soft-tissue infections were included. Primary outcome was the development of sepsis or septic shock, as defined by Sepsis-1/2 criteria. Secondary outcomes included hospital disposition and length of stay, blood and urine culture positivity, antibiotic administration, vasopressor use, in-hospital mortality, and 30-day mortality. Analysis of variance and various different logistic regression approaches were used for analysis with URI used as the reference variable., Results: LRI was most associated with sepsis (relative risk ratio [RRR] 5.63; 95% CI 5.07-6.24) and septic shock (RRR 21.2; 95% CI 17.99-24.98) development, as well as hospital admission rates (odds ratio [OR] 8.23; 95% CI 7.41-9.14), intensive care unit admission (OR 4.27; 95% CI 3.84-4.74), in-hospital mortality (OR 6.93; 95% CI 5.60-8.57), and 30-day mortality (OR 7.34; 95% CI 5.86-9.19). UTIs were also associated with sepsis and septic shock development, but to a lesser degree than LRI., Conclusions: Primary infection sites including LRI and UTI were significantly associated with sepsis development, hospitalization, length of stay, and mortality among patients presenting with infections in the ED., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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30. Effectiveness of care bundles for prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review.
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Vogel JP, Nguyen PY, Ramson J, De Silva MS, Pham MD, Sultana S, McDonald S, Adu-Bonsaffoh K, and McDougall ARA
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- Humans, Female, Pregnancy, Postpartum Hemorrhage prevention & control, Postpartum Hemorrhage therapy, Patient Care Bundles
- Abstract
Objective: Care bundles are a promising approach to reducing postpartum hemorrhage-related morbidity and mortality. We assessed the effectiveness and safety of care bundles for postpartum hemorrhage prevention and/or treatment., Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Maternity and Infant Care Database, and Global Index Medicus (inception to June 9, 2023) and ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (last 5 years) using a phased search strategy, combining terms for postpartum hemorrhage and care bundles., Study Eligibility Criteria: Peer-reviewed studies evaluating postpartum hemorrhage-related care bundles were included. Care bundles were defined as interventions comprising ≥3 components implemented collectively, concurrently, or in rapid succession. Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, interrupted time series, and before-after studies (controlled or uncontrolled) were eligible., Methods: Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 (randomized trials) and ROBINS-I (nonrandomized studies). For controlled studies, we reported risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences for continuous outcomes, with certainty of evidence determined using GRADE. For uncontrolled studies, we used effect direction tables and summarized results narratively., Results: Twenty-two studies were included for analysis. For prevention-only bundles (2 studies), low-certainty evidence suggests possible benefits in reducing blood loss, duration of hospitalization, and intensive care unit stay, and maternal well-being. For treatment-only bundles (9 studies), high-certainty evidence shows that the E-MOTIVE intervention reduced risks of composite severe morbidity (risk ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.50) and blood transfusion for bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, severe postpartum hemorrhage, and mean blood loss. One nonrandomized trial and 7 uncontrolled studies suggest that other postpartum hemorrhage treatment bundles might reduce blood loss and severe postpartum hemorrhage, but this is uncertain. For combined prevention/treatment bundles (11 studies), low-certainty evidence shows that the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative care bundle may reduce severe maternal morbidity (risk ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.72). Ten uncontrolled studies variably showed possible benefits, no effects, or harms for other bundle types. Nearly all uncontrolled studies did not use suitable statistical methods for single-group pretest-posttest comparisons and should thus be interpreted with caution., Conclusion: The E-MOTIVE intervention improves postpartum hemorrhage-related outcomes among women delivering vaginally, and the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative bundle may reduce severe maternal morbidity. Other bundle designs warrant further effectiveness research before implementation is contemplated., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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31. Neuropathology of deaths due to acute alcohol toxicity in Australia, 2011-2022.
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Darke S, Duflou J, McDonald S, Peacock A, Farrell M, and Lappin J
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- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Australia epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Adult, Aged, Autopsy, Ethanol adverse effects, Young Adult, Atrophy pathology, Brain pathology, Brain drug effects
- Abstract
Background: A major alcohol-related harm is structural pathology affecting the brain. The study aimed to: 1. Determine the frequency and nature of neuropathology amongst cases of death due to acute alcohol toxicity; 2. Compare diagnoses of brain atrophy with pathology in other organs; 3. Determine the demographic, clinical and organ pathology correlates of brain atrophy., Methods: Retrospective study of 500 cases of death attributed to acute alcohol toxicity in Australia, 2011-2022. Data on clinical characteristics, toxicology, neuropathology and other organ pathology were retrieved from police reports, autopsies, toxicology and coronial findings., Results: Mean age was 49.5 years, 69.4 % were male, with alcohol use problems documented in 70.2 %. Brain atrophy was diagnosed in 60 cases (12.0 %), most commonly in the cerebellum (32 cases, 6.4 %). Atrophy at other sites was present in 37 (7.4 %). The presence of brain atrophy was lower than other major pathologies: cardiomegaly (32.6 %, p<.001), nephro/arteriosclerosis (30.2 %, p<.001), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (21.8 %, p<.001) but not hepatic cirrhosis (11.9 % p=1.0). Those diagnosed with atrophy were older (53.4v 49.0 years, p<.001), more likely to have documented alcohol problems (85.0v 68.2 %, Odds ratio: OR 2.53) and seizure history (10.0v 3.0 %, OR 2.92), to have cardiomegaly (43.3v 31.0 %, OR 1.90, COPD (48.3v 18.2 %, 3.57) and nephro/arteriosclerosis (50.0 v 27.4 %, OR 2.27)., Conclusions: Despite the majority of cases having a history of alcohol problems, the level of neuropathology amongst cases of death due to acute alcohol toxicity was comparatively low., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: AP has received untied educational grants from Seqirus and Mundipharma for post-marketing surveillance of pharmaceutical opioids. This organisation had no role in study design, analysis and reporting, and funding support was for work unrelated to this project. MF has received untied educational grants from Seqirus, Mundipharma and Indivior for post-marketing surveillance of pharmaceutical opioids. This organisation had no role in study design, analysis and reporting, and funding support was for work unrelated to this project. AP is funded by an NHMRC Investigator Fellowship., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2024
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32. Variation observed in consensus judgments between pairs of reviewers when assessing the risk of bias due to missing evidence in a sample of published meta-analyses of nutrition research.
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Kanukula R, McKenzie JE, Cashin AG, Korevaar E, McDonald S, Mello AT, Nguyen PY, Saldanha IJ, Wewege MA, and Page MJ
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- Humans, Bias, Consensus, Publications, Reproducibility of Results, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Publication Bias, Judgment, Research Design
- Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the risk of bias due to missing evidence in a sample of published meta-analyses of nutrition research using the Risk Of Bias due to Missing Evidence (ROB-ME) tool and determine inter-rater agreement in assessments., Study Design and Setting: We assembled a random sample of 42 meta-analyses of nutrition research. Eight assessors were randomly assigned to one of four pairs. Each pair assessed 21 randomly assigned meta-analyses, and each meta-analysis was assessed by two pairs. We calculated raw percentage agreement and chance corrected agreement using Gwet's Agreement Coefficient (AC) in consensus judgments between pairs., Results: Across the eight signaling questions in the ROB-ME tool, raw percentage agreement ranged from 52% to 100%, and Gwet's AC ranged from 0.39 to 0.76. For the risk-of-bias judgment, the raw percentage agreement was 76% (95% confidence interval 60% to 92%) and Gwet's AC was 0.47 (95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.80). In seven (17%) meta-analyses, either one or both pairs judged the risk of bias due to missing evidence as "low risk"., Conclusion: Our findings indicated substantial variation in assessments in consensus judgments between pairs for the signaling questions and overall risk-of-bias judgments. More tutorials and training are needed to help researchers apply the ROB-ME tool more consistently., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest MJP is an editorial board member for the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. MJP led and JEM and RK contributed to the development of the ROB-ME tool., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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33. Models of care to address disparities in kidney health outcomes for First Nations people.
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Bateman S, Riceman M, Owen K, Pearson O, Lester R, Sinclair N, McDonald S, Howell M, Tunnicliffe DJ, and Jesudason S
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- Humans, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Kidney, Kidney Failure, Chronic
- Published
- 2023
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34. Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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McGrath LR, Oey L, McDonald S, Berle D, and Wootton BM
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- Humans, Prevalence, Body Image psychology, Students, Body Dysmorphic Disorders diagnosis, Body Dysmorphic Disorders epidemiology, Body Dysmorphic Disorders psychology
- Abstract
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterised by a preoccupation with a perceived defect in appearance. This preoccupation results in the completion of repetitive/time consuming behaviours to reduce distress. While the disorder results in considerable distress and impairment, the prevalence of the disorder is largely unknown, as BDD has not been examined in large epidemiological studies. The aim of the current study was to provide an estimate of BDD prevalence in a variety of settings using a meta-analytic approach using only studies that have made a diagnosis using a structured diagnostic interview. Twenty-two studies met criteria (n = 7159) and the pooled point-prevalence estimate for BDD was 11.3% across all studies with high levels of heterogeneity (I
2 = 95.81). The pooled point-prevalence estimate was 20.0% in cosmetic/dermatology settings, 7.4% in mental health settings, and 6.7% in 'other' settings (including students and professional ballet dancers). The risk of bias assessment indicated questionable methodological quality in some of the included studies. While this study provides an important improvement on the existing literature there is a need to include BDD in epidemiological studies in order to have a more accurate understanding of the prevalence rate of this mental health condition in the community., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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35. Comparison of paediatric emergency department visits for attempted suicide, self-harm, and suicidal ideation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Madigan S, Korczak DJ, Vaillancourt T, Racine N, Hopkins WG, Pador P, Hewitt JMA, AlMousawi B, McDonald S, and Neville RD
- Subjects
- Male, Female, Adolescent, Humans, Child, Child, Preschool, Suicide, Attempted psychology, Suicidal Ideation, Pandemics, Emergency Service, Hospital, COVID-19 epidemiology, Self-Injurious Behavior epidemiology, Self-Injurious Behavior therapy, Self-Injurious Behavior psychology
- Abstract
Background: There is a lack of consensus about the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents. We aimed to compare rates of paediatric emergency department visits for attempted suicide, self-harm, and suicidal ideation during the pandemic with those before the pandemic., Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO for studies published between Jan 1, 2020, and Dec 19, 2022. Studies published in English with data on paediatric (ie, those aged <19 years) emergency department visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Case studies and qualitative analyses were excluded. Changes in attempted suicide, self-harm, suicidal ideation, and other mental-illness indicators (eg, anxiety, depression, and psychosis) were expressed as ratios of the rates of emergency department visits during the pandemic compared with those before the pandemic, and we analysed these with a random-effects meta-analysis. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022341897., Findings: 10 360 non-duplicate records were retrieved, which yielded 42 relevant studies (with 130 sample-estimates) representing 11·1 million emergency department visits for all indications of children and adolescents across 18 countries. The mean age of the samples of children and adolescents across studies was 11·7 years (SD 3·1, range 5·5-16·3), and there were on average 57·6% girls and 43·4% boys as a proportion of emergency department visits for any health reasons (ie, physical and mental). Only one study had data related to race or ethnicity. There was good evidence of an increase in emergency department visits for attempted suicide during the pandemic (rate ratio 1·22, 90% CI 1·08-1·37), modest evidence of an increase in emergency department visits for suicidal ideation (1·08, 0·93-1·25), and good evidence for only a slight change in self-harm (0·96, 0·89-1·04). Rates of emergency department visits for other mental-illness indications showed very good evidence of a decline (0·81, 0·74-0·89), and paediatric visits for all health indications showed strong evidence of a reduction (0·68, 0·62-0·75). When rates for attempted suicide and suicidal ideation were combined as a single measure, there was good evidence of an increase in emergency department visits among girls (1·39, 1·04-1·88) and only modest evidence of an increase among boys (1·06, 0·92-1·24). Self-harm among older children (mean age 16·3 years, range 13·0-16·3) showed good evidence of an increase (1·18, 1·00-1·39), but among younger children (mean age 9·0 years, range 5·5-12·0) there was modest evidence of a decrease (0·85, 0·70-1·05)., Interpretation: The integration of mental health support within community health and the education system-including promotion, prevention, early intervention, and treatment-is urgently needed to increase the reach of mental health support that can mitigate child and adolescent mental distress. In future pandemics, increased resourcing in some emergency department settings would help to address their expected increase in visits for acute mental distress among children and adolescents., Funding: None., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests TV has received honoraria for presentations related to youth suicide during the pandemic and is also the Chair of the COVID-19 Task Force and the Children and Schools working group for the Royal Society of Canada and is the President of the International Society for Research on Aggression. DJK has received grant funding related to research on youth suicide from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Sobey's Foundation, and SickKids Foundation in the past 36 months. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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36. Methods for living guidelines: early guidance based on practical experience. Paper 1: Introduction.
- Author
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Cheyne S, Fraile Navarro D, Hill K, McDonald S, Tunnicliffe D, White H, Whittle S, Karpusheff J, Mustafa R, Morgan RL, Sultan S, and Turner T
- Subjects
- Humans, Australia, Guidelines as Topic, Quality of Life
- Abstract
Objectives: To introduce methods for living guidelines based on practical experiences by the Australian Living Evidence Consortium (ALEC), the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), with methodological support from the US Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) Network., Study Design and Setting: Members of ALEC, NICE, and the US GRADE Network, convened a working group to share experiences of the methods used to develop living guidelines and outline the key differences between traditional and living guidelines methods., Results: The guidance includes the following steps: 1) deciding if the guideline is a priority for a living approach, 2) preparing for living guideline development, 3) literature surveillance and frequency of searching, 4) assessment and synthesis of the evidence, 5) publication and dissemination, and 6) transitioning recommendations out of living mode., Conclusion: This paper introduces methods for living guidelines and provides examples of the similarities and differences in approach across multiple organizations conducting living guidelines. It also introduces a series of papers exploring methods for living guidelines based on our practical experiences, including consumer involvement, selecting and prioritizing questions, search decisions, and methods decisions., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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37. Methods for living guidelines: early guidance based on practical experience. Paper 4: search methods and approaches for living guidelines.
- Author
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McDonald S, Sharp S, Morgan RL, Murad MH, and Fraile Navarro D
- Subjects
- Australia, Pandemics, Decision Making, COVID-19 epidemiology
- Abstract
Objectives: To describe the key features of a continual evidence surveillance process that can be implemented for living guidelines and to outline the considerations and trade-offs in adopting different approaches., Study Design and Setting: Members of the Australian Living Evidence Consortium (ALEC), National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and the US GRADE Network (USGN) shared their practical experiences of and approaches to establishing surveillance systems for living guidelines. We identified several common components of evidence surveillance and listed the key features and considerations for each component drawn from case studies, highlighting differences with standard guidelines., Results: We developed guidance that covers the initial information needed to support decisions around suitability for living mode and the practical considerations in setting up continual search surveillance systems (search frequency, sources to search, use of automation, reporting the search, ongoing resources, and evaluation). The case studies draw on our experiences with developing guidelines for COVID-19, as well as for other conditions such as stroke and diabetes, and cover a range of practical approaches, including the use of automation., Conclusion: This paper highlights different approaches to continual evidence surveillance that can be implemented in living guidelines., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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38. Weekly updating of guideline recommendations was feasible: the Australian National COVID-19 clinical evidence Taskforce.
- Author
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Hewitt J, McDonald S, Poole A, White H, Turner S, and Turner T
- Subjects
- Humans, Australia epidemiology, Pandemics, COVID-19 epidemiology, Guidelines as Topic
- Abstract
Objectives: To investigate how quickly evidence was incorporated into the Australian living guidelines for COVID-19 during the first 12 months of the pandemic., Study Design and Setting: For each study concerning drug therapies included in the guideline from April 3, 2020 to April 1, 2021, we extracted the publication date of the study, and the guideline version the study was included in. We analyzed two subgroups of studies as follows: those published in high impact factor journals and those with 100 or more participants., Results: In the first year, we published 37 major versions of the guidelines, incorporating 129 studies that investigated 48 drug therapies informing 115 recommendations. The median time from first publication of a study to incorporation in the guideline was 27 days (interquartile range [IQR], 16 to 44), ranging from 9 to 234 days. For the 53 studies in the highest impact factor journals, the median was 20 days (IQR 15 to 30), and for the 71 studies with 100 or more participants the median was 22 days (IQR 15 to 36)., Conclusion: Developing and sustaining living guidelines where evidence is rapidly incorporated is a resource- and time-intensive undertaking; however, this study demonstrates that it is feasible, even over a long period., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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39. Real Ways of Working Together: co-creating meaningful Aboriginal community consultations to advance kidney care.
- Author
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Bateman S, Arnold-Chamney M, Jesudason S, Lester R, McDonald S, O'Donnell K, Owen K, Pearson O, Sinclair N, Stevenson T, Williamson I, and Kelly J
- Subjects
- Australia, Community-Based Participatory Research methods, Humans, Kidney, Referral and Consultation, Health Services, Indigenous, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
- Abstract
Objective: To describe a process of meaningful Aboriginal community engagement that repositioned and valued community members' knowledge(s) and lived experiences while strengthening relationships, research processes and outcomes., Background: Aboriginal Australians have the oldest continuous culture in the world, yet due to effects of colonisation, experience some of the world's poorest health outcomes. The AKction [Aboriginal Kidney Care Together - Improving Outcomes Now] project brought together Aboriginal people with lived experience of kidney disease, clinicians and researchers to improve kidney care., Methodology: Using Aboriginal methodologies of Ganma and Dadirri within community-based participatory action research (cb-PAR), a core advisory group of Aboriginal people with lived experiences of kidney disease worked closely with clinicians and researchers., Results: Three community consultation workshops that deeply valued Aboriginal knowledge(s) were co-created. Community members formed a reference group, established partnerships and influenced health research, policy and service provision. Non-Indigenous researchers engaged in critical self-reflection and levelling of Western-Aboriginal and clinician-consumer power imbalances., Conclusions: Deeply respectful community engagement is possible through co-creation and cb-PAR. It results in multiple positive impacts and beneficial relationships between community members, clinicians and academics., Implications for Public Health: Meaningful consultation with Aboriginal communities guides culturally safe research processes, health policy and service delivery., (© 2022 The Authors.)
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- 2022
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40. Aboriginal patients driving kidney and healthcare improvements: recommendations from South Australian community consultations.
- Author
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Kelly J, Stevenson T, Arnold-Chamney M, Bateman S, Jesudason S, McDonald S, O'Donnell K, Pearson O, Sinclair N, and Williamson I
- Subjects
- Humans, Australia, Referral and Consultation, South Australia, Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, Delivery of Health Care methods, Health Services, Indigenous, Kidney
- Abstract
Objective: To describe the experiences, perceptions and suggested improvements in healthcare identified by Aboriginal patients, families and community members living with kidney disease in South Australia., Methods: Community consultations were held in an urban, rural and remote location in 2019 by the Aboriginal Kidney Care Together - Improving Outcomes Now (AKction) project and Kidney Health Australia. Consultations were co-designed with community members, using participatory action research, Yarning, Dadirri and Ganma Indigenous Methodologies. Key themes were synthesised, verified by community members and shared through formal and community reports and media., Results: Aboriginal participants identified the importance of: family and community and maintaining their wellbeing, strength and resilience; the need for prevention and early detection that is localised, engages whole families and prevents diagnosis shock; better access to quality care that ensures Aboriginal people can make informed choices and decisions about their options for dialysis and transplantation, and; more Aboriginal health professionals and peer navigators, and increased responsiveness and provision of cultural safety care by all kidney health professionals., Conclusion: Aboriginal community members have strong and clear recommendations for improving the quality and responsiveness of health care generally, and kidney care specifically., Implications for Public Health: Aboriginal people with lived experience of chronic conditions wish to significantly inform the way care is organised and delivered., (© 2022 The Authors.)
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- 2022
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41. Do social support and community engagement act as mechanisms in the association between neighbourhood income inequality and the mental health of mothers in Calgary, Canada? A mediation analysis.
- Author
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Farmer G, Lowe SAJ, McDonald S, Yamamoto SS, Chari R, and Pabayo R
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- Canada epidemiology, Female, Humans, Income, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Mediation Analysis, Mental Health
- Abstract
Purpose: According to the social determinants of health framework, income inequality is a potential risk factor for adverse mental health. However, few studies have explored the mechanisms suspected to mediate this relationship. The current study addresses this gap through a mediation analysis to determine if social support and community engagement act as mediators linking neighbourhood income inequality to maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms within a cohort of new mothers living in the City of Calgary, Canada., Methods: Data collected at three years postpartum from mothers belonging to the All Our Families (AOF) cohort were used in the current study. Maternal data were collected between 2012 and 2015 and linked to neighbourhood socioeconomic data from the 2006 Canadian Census. Income inequality was measured using Gini coefficients derived from 2006 after-tax census data. Generalized structural equation models were used to quantify the associations between income inequality and mental health symptoms, and to assess the potential direct and indirect mediating effects of maternal social support and community engagement., Results: Income inequality was not significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms (β = 0.32, 95%CI = -0.067, 0.70), anxiety symptoms (β = 0.11, 95%CI = -0.39, 0.60), or lower social support. Income inequality was not associated with community engagement. For the depression models, higher social support was significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms (β = -0.13, 95%CI = -0.15, -0.097), while community engagement was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.059, 95%CI = -0.15, 0.27). Similarly, for the anxiety models, lower anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with higher levels of social support (β = -0.17, 95%CI = -0.20, -0.13) but not with higher levels of community engagement (β = 0.14, 95%CI = -0.14, 0.41)., Conclusion: The current study did not find clear evidence for social support or community engagement mediating the relationship between neighbourhood income inequality and maternal mental health. Future investigations should employ a broader longitudinal approach to capture changes in income inequality, potential mediators, and mental health symptomatology over time., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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42. SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Ambulatory Symptomatic Patients Is Not Associated With Increased Venous or Arterial Thrombotic Events in the Subsequent 30 Days.
- Author
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Thoppil JJ, Courtney DM, McDonald S, Kabrhel C, Nordenholz KE, Camargo CA Jr, and Kline JA
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- Ambulatory Care, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Symptom Assessment, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 epidemiology, Thrombosis epidemiology, Venous Thromboembolism epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has been associated with increased risk of thromboembolism in critically ill patients., Objective: We sought to examine the association of SARS-CoV-2 test positivity and subsequent acute vascular thrombosis, including venous thromboembolism (VTE) or arterial thrombosis (AT), in a large nationwide registry of emergency department (ED) patients tested with a nucleic acid test for suspected SARS-CoV-2., Methods: The RECOVER (Registry of Potential COVID-19 in Emergency Care) registry includes 155 EDs across the United States. We performed a retrospective cohort study to produce odds ratios (ORs) for COVID-19-positive vs. COVID-19-negative status as a predictor of 30-day VTE or AT, adjusting for age, sex, active cancer, intubation, hospital length of stay, and intensive care unit (ICU) care., Results: Comparing 14,056 COVID-19-positive patients with 12,995 COVID-19-negative patients, the overall 30-day prevalence of VTE events was 1.4% vs. 1.3%, respectively (p = 0.44, χ
2 ). Multivariable analysis identified that testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 status was negatively associated with both VTE (OR 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61-0.94) and AT (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.32-0.80), whereas intubation, ICU care, and age 50 years or older were positively associated with both VTE and AT., Conclusions: In contrast to other reports, results from this large, hetereogenous national sample of ED patients tested for SARS-CoV-2, showed no association between vascular thrombosis and COVID-19 test positivity., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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43. Most published systematic reviews of remdesivir for COVID-19 were redundant and lacked currency.
- Author
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McDonald S, Turner S, Page MJ, and Turner T
- Subjects
- Adenosine Monophosphate analogs & derivatives, Alanine analogs & derivatives, Australia, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Systematic Reviews as Topic, COVID-19 Drug Treatment
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate the completeness and currency of published systematic reviews of remdesivir for COVID-19 and to compare this with a living guidelines approach., Study Design and Setting: In this cross-sectional study, we searched Europe PMC on May 20, 2021 for systematic reviews of remdesivir (including preprints, living review updates). Completeness and currency were based on the inclusion of four major randomized trials of remdesivir available at the time of publication of the review (including as preliminary results and preprints)., Results: We included 38 reviews (45 reports), equivalent to a new publication every 9 days. 23 (51%) reports were out of date at the time of publication. Eleven reviews that were current on publication had a median survival time of 10 days (range 4-57). A third of reviews cited other systematic reviews, but only four provided justifications for why another review was necessary. Eight (21%) of the reviews were registered in PROSPERO. The Australian COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce living guidelines were updated within 14 days for three of the remdesivir trials, and within 28 days for the fourth., Conclusion: There was considerable duplication of systematic reviews of remdesivir, and half were already out of date at the time of publication., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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44. A review identified challenges distinguishing primary reports of randomized trials for meta-research: A proposal for improved reporting.
- Author
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Nicholls SG, McDonald S, McKenzie JE, Carroll K, and Taljaard M
- Subjects
- Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Publications, Research Report
- Abstract
Meta-research is the discipline of studying research itself. A core investigative tool in meta-research is the use of systematic or scoping reviews to study the characteristics, methods and reporting of primary research studies. In the context of identifying eligible publications for methodological reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a challenge is to efficiently distinguish the primary trial report - which reports results for the primary outcome - from other types of reports, including design papers and secondary or supplementary analyses, or what we collectively refer to as non-primary reports. This may not be a straightforward task and may contribute to inefficiencies in the review process. Here, we draw on our recent methodological review of over 13,000 records to identify primary reports of pragmatic RCTs. We offer recommendations to improve the reporting of RCTs to facilitate more efficient identification of primary trial reports. We suggest that future updates to existing CONSORT guidelines include consideration of multiple trial reports and recommendations to clarify the primary or non-primary nature of each report. Our recommendations, together with improved adherence to inclusion of the trial registration number in the abstract and citation of a protocol or previously published primary report, would facilitate the conduct of methodological reviews., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2022
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45. P2/N95 respirators & surgical masks to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection: Effectiveness & adverse effects.
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Kunstler B, Newton S, Hill H, Ferguson J, Hore P, Mitchell BG, Dempsey K, Stewardson AJ, Friedman D, Cole K, Sim MR, Ferguson B, Burns P, King N, McGloughlin S, Dicks M, McCarthy S, Tam B, Hazelton B, McGurgan C, McDonald S, and Turner T
- Subjects
- Humans, N95 Respirators adverse effects, Pandemics prevention & control, Personal Protective Equipment, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Millions of people have acquired and died from SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are required to wear personal protective equipment (PPE), including surgical masks and P2/N95 respirators, to prevent infection while treating patients. However, the comparative effectiveness of respirators and masks in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and the likelihood of experiencing adverse events (AEs) with wear are unclear., Methods: Searches were carried out in PubMed, Europe PMC and the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register to 14 June 2021. A systematic review of comparative epidemiological studies examining SARS-CoV-2 infection or AE incidence in HCWs wearing P2/N95 (or equivalent) respirators and surgical masks was performed. Article screening, risk of bias assessment and data extraction were duplicated. Meta-analysis of extracted data was carried out in RevMan., Results: Twenty-one studies were included, with most having high risk of bias. There was no statistically significant difference in respirator or surgical mask effectiveness in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 0.85, [95%CI 0.72, 1.01]). Healthcare workers experienced significantly more headaches (OR 2.62, [95%CI 1.18, 5.81]), respiratory distress (OR 4.21, [95%CI 1.46, 12.13]), facial irritation (OR 1.80, [95%CI 1.03, 3.14]) and pressure-related injuries (OR 4.39, [95%CI 2.37, 8.15]) when wearing respirators compared to surgical masks., Conclusion: The existing epidemiological evidence does not enable definitive assessment of the effectiveness of respirators compared to surgical masks in preventing infection. Healthcare workers wearing respirators may be more likely to experience AEs. Effective mitigation strategies are important to ensure the uptake and correct use of respirators by HCWs., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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46. Healthcare professional and community preferences in deceased donor kidney allocation: A best-worst scaling survey.
- Author
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Sypek MP, Howell M, Howard K, Wong G, Duncanson E, Clayton PD, Hughes P, and McDonald S
- Subjects
- Delivery of Health Care, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Kidney, Male, Tissue Donors, Waiting Lists, Tissue and Organ Procurement, Transplants
- Abstract
Deceased donor kidneys are a scarce community resource; therefore, the principles underpinning organ allocation should reflect societal values. This study aimed to elicit community and healthcare professional preferences for principles guiding the allocation of kidneys from deceased donors and compare how these differed across the populations. A best-worst scaling survey including 29 principles in a balanced incomplete block design was conducted among a representative sample of the general community (n = 1237) and healthcare professionals working in transplantation (n = 206). Sequential best-worst multinomial logistic regression was used to derive scaled preference scores (PS) (range 0-100). Thematic analysis of free text responses was performed. Five of the six most valued principles among members of the community related to equity, including priority for the longest waiting (PS 100), difficult to transplant (PS 94.5) and sickest (PS 93.9), and equitable access for men and women (PS 94.0), whereas the top four principles for healthcare professional focused on maximizing utility (PS 89.9-100). Latent class analysis identified unmeasured class membership among community members. There are discordant views between community members and healthcare professionals. These should be considered in the design, evaluation, and implementation of deceased donor kidney allocation protocols., (© 2021 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.)
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- 2022
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47. Methods used to select results to include in meta-analyses of nutrition research: A meta-research study.
- Author
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Kanukula R, McKenzie JE, Bero L, Dai Z, McDonald S, Kroeger CM, Korevaar E, and Page MJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Research Design
- Abstract
Objectives: To investigate how often review authors encounter multiple results from included studies that are eligible for inclusion in a particular meta-analysis, and how often methods to select results are specified., Methods: MEDLINE and Epistemonikos were searched (January 2018-June 2019) to identify systematic reviews with meta-analysis of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes. A random sample of these reviews was selected, and for the first presented (index) meta-analysis, rules used to select effect estimates to include in this meta-analysis were extracted from the reviews and their protocols. All effect estimates from the primary studies that were eligible for inclusion in the index meta-analyses were extracted (e.g., when a study report presented effect estimates for blood pressure at 3 weeks and 6 weeks, both unadjusted and adjusted for covariates, and all were eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis of the effect of red meat consumption on blood pressure, we extracted all estimates, and classified the study as having "multiplicity of results")., Results: Forty-two systematic reviews with 325 studies (104 randomized, 221 non-randomized) were included; 14 reviews had a protocol. In 29% of review protocols and 69% of reviews, authors specified at least one decision rule to select effect estimates when multiple were available. In 68% of studies included in the index meta-analyses, there was at least one type of multiplicity of results., Conclusions: Authors of systematic reviews of nutrition studies should anticipate encountering multiplicity of results in the included primary studies. Specification of methods to handle multiplicity when designing reviews is therefore recommended., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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48. Feasibility of national living guideline methods: The Australian Stroke Guidelines.
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Hill K, English C, Campbell BCV, McDonald S, Pattuwage L, Bates P, Lassig C, and Turner T
- Subjects
- Australia, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Research Design, Stroke therapy
- Abstract
Objective: Maintaining clinical guideline currency has been one challenge to traditional guideline development. This paper describes the methods used to maintain a large national guideline for stroke management., Study Design and Setting: The Australian Stroke Clinical Guidelines are developed to meet Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) standards. Monthly surveillance is conducted for new systematic reviews and randomised controlled studies. Included studies undergo data extraction followed by preparation of updated evidence-to-decision frameworks which are used to inform updates, or development of new recommendations. Small writing groups made up of clinical experts and those with lived experience review and agree on changes, which are finally reviewed by a multidisciplinary Guidelines Steering Group. Draft changes are developed and published using the online MAGICapp platform, with dissemination and promotion via traditional methods as well as social media., Results: Each month approximately 350 abstracts are considered, covering 96 clinical topics and taking on average 16 h to review. There have been four major guideline updates covering 34 new and updated recommendations., Conclusion: It is feasible to use 'living' methods to maintain the Australian Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Management. Further work is now needed to understand the impact of living guidelines., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest declaration Kelvin Hill -program manager for lead agency, no other conflicts of interest Coralie English -co-chair of the guidelines content team, no other conflicts of interest Bruce C.V. Campbell -co-chair of the guidelines content team, no other conflicts of interest Steve McDonald - involved in Cochrane living methods, no other conflicts of interest Loyal Pattuwage -no conflicts of interest Peta Bates -no conflicts of interest Chris Lassig -no conflicts of interest Tari Turner -involved in Cochrane living methods, no other conflicts of interest, (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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49. A Survey on Variation in Diagnosis and Treatment of Chorioamnionitis in Tertiary Centres in Canada.
- Author
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Charpentier C, McDonald S, Elwood C, Ting J, Grigoriu A, Pylypjuk C, Yudin M, Van Schalkwyk J, and Boucoiran I
- Subjects
- Canada, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Placenta, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Chorioamnionitis diagnosis, Chorioamnionitis drug therapy, Premature Birth
- Abstract
Objective: Clinical detection and management of chorioamnionitis is challenging given the gold-standard for diagnosis remains placental pathology, the results of which are only available after delivery. Moreover, recommended diagnostic criteria for clinical chorioamnionitis have evolved over time. The goal of this study was to describe trends and differences in chorioamnionitis diagnostic and management practices in Canada., Methods: We surveyed obstetric care providers participating in the Canadian Preterm Birth Network. Questionnaires were distributed electronically to all 29 sites and completed by 1 maternal-fetal medicine investigator at each site., Results: The response rate was 82.8% (n = 24). There was considerable variation in the clinical criteria used to diagnose chorioamnionitis with 9 of 22 sites stating this occurs "frequently" or "very frequently." Isolated fever was "always" or "most of the time" used as an indication to start empiric antibiotic therapy in 14 of 24 sites, and 21 of 23 sites used the same diagnostic criteria for term and preterm deliveries. Placental histology (15 sites) and white blood cell count (14 sites) were the most common clinical tests performed to confirm chorioamnionitis. A combination of ampicillin and aminoglycoside antibiotics was used at 12 sites. Another frequently used antibiotic therapy was cefazolin and metronidazole (4 sites)., Conclusion: There is a wide variation in practices for the diagnosis and management of chorioamnionitis across Canada. The results of this study will guide efforts to improve and standardize the management of this condition., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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50. Obesity in dialysis patients - What is the problem?
- Author
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McDonald S and Ladhani M
- Subjects
- Body Mass Index, Humans, Obesity, Renal Dialysis adverse effects
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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