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Giant adrenal myelolipoma (AML) may cause severe symptoms. In contrast to the previous reports, laparoscopy may play a pivotal role in the management of giant AML. This report aims to discuss a case of giant AML managed successfully by laparoscopy. A 63-year-old male was found to have a giant (12 × 10 × 8 cm) left AML during a workup for left lower chest pain on imaging. laparoscopic excision of a left adrenal gland with the lesion was performed under general anesthesia. The patient was discharged from the hospital after 3 days uneventfully. AML is a benign tumor that is characterized by the presence of adipose tissue and hematopoietic elements. Myelolipomas are typically asymptomatic. AML diagnosis is based on imaging and blood workup. Small asymptomatic AML is usually managed conservatively, while symptomatic AML is managed with surgery. Even though an open approach is the standard option, laparoscopy, as a minimally invasive technique, in some centers may replace laparotomy. Laparoscopy can be a successful method for managing AML, even when they are large in size.

Mediastinal parathyroid cysts (MPCs) are extremely rare, benign lesions arising from the parathyroid glands and residing within the thoracic cavity. This study aims to advance understanding of MPC, emphasizing accurate diagnosis and management approaches for this rare condition. A 46-year-old woman presented with dysphagia for one week. Blood tests revealed elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) (112.8 pg/mL) and normal serum calcium (9.54 mg/dL). Ultrasonography identified a large, well-defined cystic nodule measuring 46 × 30 × 25 mm, extending retro-sternally in the right upper third of the chest. A subsequent high-resolution computed tomography scan of the chest revealed a large space-occupying lesion (47 × 43 × 31 mm) in the superior mediastinum, near the esophagus, suggesting an esophageal duplication cyst or, less likely, a bronchogenic cyst. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was performed, and the entire cyst was excised, confirmed histologically as a mediastinal parathyroid cyst. Mediastinal involvement of PCs poses diagnostic challenges due to their rarity and diverse clinical presentations. Surgical excision is necessary for symptomatic cases, with VATS emerging as a favorable approach.

Introduction: Covid-19 vaccines have been assessed in randomized trials, which are designed to establish efficacy and safety, but are insufficient in power to detect rare adverse outcomes. Among the adverse cardiac events associated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are inflammations (e.g., pericarditis or myocarditis), thrombosis, and ischemia. Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the reported cases of myocardial infarction (MI) after COVID-19 vaccinations. Method: Web of Science, MEDLINE on OVID, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched for English-language papers published until March 25, 2022. Results: This study included 15 papers (10 case reports and 5 case series). In total, 20 individuals were included who had received COVID-19 vaccines and experienced MI. Males (55%) reported more adverse occurrences than females (45%) across the majority of event categories. The mean time from the administration of the vaccine to the onset of symptoms was 2 days (0–10 days). The AstraZeneca vaccine was responsible for more than half of the reported events. In the majority of cases, the event developed after receiving the first dose of vaccination. Conclusion: MI related to COVID19 vaccination is a rare, but serious and life-threatening condition. Chest discomfort should be regarded as a warning sign, particularly in people who have been administered a dose of the vaccine within the previous two days.