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Underground flooding events are being exacerbated due to the rapid expanding of underground space in urban and the extreme precipitation events by climate change. It is increasingly necessary to study hydrodynamics and instabilities of human on staircases in the flood-prone underground space for risk identification and disaster reduction. However, the turbulent complexity and complicated fluid-human interaction still challenge the study of flow structure and the calibration of human instability model. In this work, a hydrodynamic model coupled with the mechanics-based method was proposed to study fluid-human interactions and hazard risks on flooding stairways. Numerical validations show that the model can obtain reliable solutions of flow characteristics on staircases. It is found that there exists a jet flow downstream the rest platform and the critical region after the 3rd step downstream the platform is identified as a high risk area to cause sliding instability. The risk of sliding instability for a child is higher than that for an adult in jet flow region. In addition, results show that the downstream vortical flow structure and turbulent effect are obviously enhanced because of the interdict of jet flow by the human obstacle.

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (K-ras) is one of the most frequent mutations of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), specifically lung adenocarcinoma. Historically K-ras has been a mutation of great resilience and complexity. This shifted the focus of therapies to several of its related signaling pathways and cytokines. However, due to a greater understanding of the intricacies behind this mutation a greater arsenal of therapies has become available to us in the form of direct K-ras therapy. With this cumulative knowledge, we hope to bring an end to this irrepressible mutation in the future.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard therapeutic regimen for locally advanced breast cancer. However, clinical physical examination and imaging results fail to accurately assess the treatment response, and postoperative pathological examination has a time lag in response to therapeutic effect which is not conducive to the timely adjustment of treatment strategies. A previous study has shown that miR-301a was associated with invasion and metastasis in breast cancer, and was found to be involved in endocrine therapy resistance; however, evidence regarding the correlation between miR-301a expression and NAC efficacy remains scarce. In this study, 101 patients with locally advanced breast cancer were included. All patients received anthracycline based chemotherapy. The expression level of miR-301a in pretreatment core needle biopsy tissues was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Relevant clinicopathological data were collected, and the correlation between miR-301a expression and NAC efficacy was assessed. Based on our data, miR-301a cannot be used to identify whether breast cancer benefits from NAC, and no correlation was observed between miR-301a expression and clinicopathological characteristics. In conclusion, miR-301a may not be a potential prognostic biomarker of NAC efficacy in breast cancer., Highlights • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the first-line of treatment for locally advanced breast cancer, early monitoring of efficacy is necessary. • MiRNA-301 has been previously employed as a poor prognostic biomarker for breast cancer. • MiRNA-301 has been previously employed as a poor prognostic biomarker for breast cancer, whether it can be employed as a biomarker of neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy in breast cancer is unknown.

Accurate prediction of flood inundation processes in urban areas is challenging, due to the complexity of street layouts and the variety of infrastructures. In this study, based on a laboratory model of urban flooding with a sewer system underneath, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of different street layouts and infrastructures on flood inundation processes. Key hydrographs of water depth and flow velocity were recorded at several measuring points to provide comprehensive information about the hydrodynamic characteristics of urban flooding. Furthermore, a 2D shallow water equation numerical model, based on the finite volume method, was also utilized to replicate the experimental scenarios considered. An analysis of the mesh resolution and discharge capacity formulae for street inlets was also performed through a series of numerical tests. The following conclusions are drawn from this study: (i) the sewer system has a strong influence on the flood inundation processes in terms of reducing both the surface water depth and flood wave velocity, as compared with street layouts and other infrastructures; (ii) the results from the numerical simulations agree well with the experimental findings, with the NSE values being greater than 0.7 and the RMSE values less than 3×10−2; (iii) a further increment in the mesh resolution may benefit slightly the model predictions, but at the expense of an increasing computational cost; and (iv) of all the inlet discharge capacity formulae used in this study, the weir and orifice formulae considering the influence of rain boxes were the most appropriate for representing the geometric features of street inlets and showed the best performance in calculating the flow drainage between the surface runoff and the underground sewer system.