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Objective: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a common nosocomial infection. However, there has been no randomized control trial (RCT) comparing the efficacy of periurethral cleaning solutions for reducing CAUTI. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of normal saline solution (NSS) and Savlon solution., Methods: A non-inferiority cross-over RCT was conducted to compare the 2 solutions by the incidence of significant bacteriuria (SB) on day 5 after Foley catheterization. Patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital from June 2018 to August 2019 participated in the study. The acceptable prespecified non-inferiority margin was 10%., Results: There were 265 and 275 patients in the NSS and Savlon groups, respectively. The incidence of CAUTI was 2.65/1000 catheter-days, and the median duration of catheterization was 5 days (IQR 4, 7). There was no significant difference between the incidence of SB in the NSS and Savlon groups, as indicated by the adjusted difference of 0.6 (95% CI: -3.1-4.2)., Conclusion: This study was the first RCT in patients from multiple hospital units to compare the efficacy of the 2 solutions in the periurethral cleaning process. The study demonstrated non-inferiority of NSS to Savlon solution., Thai Clinical Trials Registry Study Id: TCTR20180518001., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Human Sporotrichosis is an infection caused by dimorphic fungus, Sporothrix schenckii complex, via direct inoculation. We are herein report proven 2 cases of sporotrichosis along with a literature review about human sporotrichosis in the southeast Asian region. The first case was a 76-year-old female with a non-progressive erythematous plaque at the right ankle. The second case was a 36-year-old female with sporotrichoid lesion for six weeks. Both were treated with itraconazole with an excellent outcome., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (© 2020 The Authors.)

The outcomes of kidney transplantation (KT) from hepatitis B surface antigen-positive [HBsAg(+)] donors to HBsAg(-) recipients remain inconclusive, possibly due to substantial differences in methodological and statistical models, number of patients, follow-up duration, hepatitis B virus (HBV) prophylactic regimens and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) levels. The present retrospective, longitudinal study (clinicaltrial.gov NCT02044588) using propensity score matching technique was conducted to compare outcomes of KT between HBsAg(-) recipients with anti-HBs titer above 100 mIU/mL undergoing KT from HBsAg(+) donors (n = 43) and HBsAg(-) donors (n = 86). During the median follow-up duration of 58.2 months (range 16.7-158.3 months), there were no significant differences in graft and patient survivals. No HBV-infective markers, including HBsAg, hepatitis B core antibody, hepatitis B extracellular antigen and HBV DNA quantitative test were detected in HBsAg(+) donor group. Renal pathology outcomes revealed comparable incidences of kidney allograft rejection while there were no incidences of HBV-associated glomerulonephritis and viral antigen staining. Recipients undergoing KT from HBsAg(+) donors with no HBV prophylaxis (n = 20) provided comparable outcomes with those treated with lamivudine alone (n = 21) or lamivudine in combination with HBV immunoglobulin (n = 2). In conclusion, KT without HBV prophylaxis from HBsAg(+) donors without hepatitis B viremia to HBsAg(-) recipients with anti-HBs titer above 100 mIU/mL provides excellent graft and patient survivals without evidence of HBV transmission., (© Copyright 2014 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.)

Background: Spindle cell pseudotumors may occur due to mycobacterial infection, especially in immunocompromised hosts including those with AIDS. They have been reported from many body sites; the lymph nodes are predominantly involved, most frequently associated with Mycobacterium avium complex infection. To the best of our knowledge, Mycobacterium-associated spindle cell pseudotumors have not been previously described in the brain stem and in association with mixed mycobacterial infection., Case Report: We describe a man with AIDS who presented with right hemiparesis and truncal ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed enhancing nodular lesions at the cerebral peduncle and medulla. A mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor was diagnosed on surgical specimens. Blood and brain tissue cultures grew Mycobacterium haemophilum and Mycobacterium simiae., Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first case of spindle cell pseudotumor of the brain associated with M. haemophilum and M. simiae mixed infection.