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Background: Recent studies have suggested that sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is associated with the development of Barrett esophagus (BE) even in the absence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms., Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the rates of upper endoscopy and incidence of new BE diagnoses in patients undergoing SG., Setting: This was a claims-data study of patients who underwent SG between 2012 and 2017 while enrolled in a U.S. statewide database., Methods: Diagnostic claims data were used to identify pre- and postoperative rates of upper endoscopy, GERD, reflux esophagitis, and BE. Time-to-event analysis using a Kaplan-Meier approach was performed to estimate the cumulative postoperative incidence of these conditions., Results: We identified 5562 patients who underwent SG between 2012 and 2017. Of these, 1972 patients (35.5%) had at least 1 diagnostic record of upper endoscopy. The preoperative incidences of a diagnosis of GERD, esophagitis, and BE were 54.9%, 14.6%, and .9%, respectively. The predicted postoperative incidences of GERD, esophagitis, and BE, respectively, were 18%, 25.4%, and 1.6% at 2 years and 32.1%, 85.0%, and 6.4% at 5 years., Conclusions: In this large statewide database, rates of esophagogastroduodenoscopy remained low after SG, but the incidence of a new postoperative esophagitis or BE diagnosis in patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy was higher than in the general population. Patients undergoing SG may have a disproportionately high risk of developing reflux complications including BE after surgery., (Copyright © 2023 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)