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Publisher Summary The development of the function of the endocrine pancreas in man begins as early as in the prenatal period. For evaluating the role of insulin in the process of fetal development, it is important to know the time when the hormone appears in the gland and begins to be secreted into the blood as well as the levels of insulin at various periods of time of prenatal life. It is also important to know the degree of maturation of the hormonal receptors in beta cells during early ontogenesis in man. This chapter discusses the time of appearance of immunoreactive insulin in fetal pancreas and to follow the changes in the content and concentrations of the hormone in the gland and the blood stream. Insulin release under stimulation depends on the critical concentration of cyclic AMP in beta cells. The chapter describes the inability of arginine to stimulate insulin secretion in human foetuses.