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The preparation, structures, and chemistry of 11-vertex carboranes containing one to four skeletal carbon atoms are outlined, including nido -CB 10 H 13 − , closo -CB 10 H 11 − , closo -C 2 B 9 H 11 , nido -C 2 B 9 H 13 , nido -C 2 B 9 H 12 − , nido -C 2 B 9 H 11 2− , nido -C 3 B 8 H 12 , nido -C 3 B 8 H 11 − , hypho -C 3 B 8 H 15 − , nido -C 4 B 7 H 11 , and arachno -C 4 B 7 H 13 . The facile complexation of the open-cage species, especially nido -C 2 B 9 H 12 − and nido -C 2 B 9 H 11 2− , with metal ions to form 12-vertex metallacarboranes (detailed in Chapter 13 ) is noted, as is their boronation to regenerate the C 2 B 10 icosahedron.

Chapter four is presenting the design of the different element such as the tubular joint, and select the best bracing system. This chapter present the calculation of the leg ring to withstand the hydrostatic load and vertex induced vibration will be illustrated through an example.

The Beetle is a 128 channel analog pipelined readout chip which is intended for use in the silicon vertex locator (VELO) of the LHCb experiment at CERN. The Beetle chip is specially designed to withstand high radiation doses.Two Beetle1.1 chips bonded to a silicon strip detector have been tested with minimum ionizing particles. The main goal was to measure the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of the Beetle1.1 connected to a prototype VELO detector. Furthermore we investigated the general behaviour of the Beetle1.1. In this note we present the chip architecture, the measured (S/N) numbers as well as some characteristics (e.g. risetime, spillover) of the Beetle1.1 chip. Results from a total ionizing dose irradiation test are reported.

An overview of the design of the vertex detector of the LHCb experiment in the future Large Hadron Collider at CERN will be given. The application of silicon detectors close to the beam implies the isolation of the materials with a high desorption rate from the accelerator vacuum. The aluminium containment has a complicated shape and a thickness of 250 mum in order to minimize the multiple scattering. Alignment, safety and precision problems have been solved in the design and are being tested. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

The proposed high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider is expected to increase the instantaneous luminosity at the experiments' interaction points by a factor of ten. The vertex detector will be the subsystem most affected by the luminosity increase, raising substantially their occupancy and radiation-induced damage. To preserve the vertex physics performance under these new conditions, current pixel technologies have to be improved. Hybrid pixel sensors with double-sided double-type vertical electrodes (3D sensors) are becoming a mature technology for the detector layers closest to the interaction point due to their intrinsic radiation hardness. In addition, the double-sided implementation of the 3D pixel technology provides some additional technical advantages with respect to the single-sided implementation. For this study, 3D pixel sensors manufactured at the Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica of Barcelona (IMB-CNM) have been bonded to the PSI46 readout chip currently used by the Compact Muon Solenoid vertex detector. Detector performance before and after irradiation up to fluences of 5×1015neq/ cm2 is presented. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., The research underlying this work has been partly supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Grants FPA2010-22163-C02-01(-02) and FPA2010-22060-C02-01(-02); the European Commission under the FP7 Research Infrastructures project AIDA, Grant agreement no. 262025; and by the GICSERV program “Access to ICTS integrated nano and micro electronics cleanroom” of the Spanish Ministry of Science of Innovation.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of LTN. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of linde Type N.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of ATO. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of AIPO-31.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of VSV. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of VPI-7.

This chapter presents the Framework Type data of MSE. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of MCM-68.

This chapter presents the Framework Type data of VNI. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of VPI-9.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of CGF. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of Co-Ga-Phosphate-5.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of MOZ. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of ZSM-10.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of MEL. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of ZSM-11.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of ATN. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of MAPO-39.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of SFO. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of SSZ-51.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of LOV. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of lovdarite.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of LOS. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of losod.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of MTW. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of ZSM-12.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of RWR. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of RUB-24.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of SOD. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of sodalite.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of AWW. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of AIPO-22.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of UFI. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of UZM-5.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of NPO. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of nitridophosphate-1.

This chapter presents the Framework Type data of EAB. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of TMA-E (Aiello and Barrer).

This chapter presents the Framework Type data of MON. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of montesommaite.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of -CLO. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of cloverite.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data and of NAB. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data such as Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of nabsite.

This chapter presents the Framework Type data of OSO. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of OSB-1.

This chapter presents the Framework Type data of SFE. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of SSZ-48.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of MON. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of montesommaite.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of ULT. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of IM-12.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of DOH. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of dodecasil 1 H.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of DDR. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of deca-dodecasil 3R.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of EMT. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of EMC-2.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of EDI. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of edingtonite.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of MWW. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of MCM-22.

This chapter presents the Framework Type data of BRE. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of brewsterite.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of AFT. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of AIPO-52.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of YUG. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of yugawaralite.

This chapter discusses obtaining visual effects that are considered more advanced than vertex coloring, lighting and materials, texturing, and multitexturing. The chapter consists of two sections. Section 5.1 elaborates on the Effect class that was introduced in Section 3.4.5. Wild Magic has a collection of derived classes that implement various effects obtainable through the fixed-function pipeline —through graphics API features that were available before the introduction of shader programming. The first section describes all these derived classes.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of LTA. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of linde Type A.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of HEU. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of heulandite.

Various shader programs are described in this chapter. Their level of complexity varies from very simple (vertex colors, single textures, lights, and materials) to very complicated (planar shadows, planar reflections, water effects). The shader programs built into the engine are found in the folder GeometricTools/WildMagic4/Shader Programs/Cg Some applications have their own specially constructed shader programs. The shader files are located in the application folders.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of EPI. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of epistilbite.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of ANA. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of analcime.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of TOL. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of tounkite-like mineral.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of PAU. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of paulingite.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of CON. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of CIT-1.

This chapter presents the Framework Type data of CZP. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of chiral zincophosphate.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the Framework Type data of FRA. The data sheet lists the idealized cell data, coordination sequences and vertex symbols, secondary building units, composite building units, and materials with similar Framework Type along with Type Material data (such as, crystal chemical data, framework density, and channels) of franzinite.