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Cervical cancer remains the deadliest cancer among women worldwide. Investigating the molecular mechanisms of tumor progression by targeting signaling pathways can provide insights into novel therapeutic strategies to overcome the limitations of conventional treatments. Green synthesis of nanoparticles addresses conventional treatment drawbacks like chemotherapy and radiation. This study aims to green synthesize, characterize, and evaluate chitosan-encapsulated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Lactobacillus plantarum probiotics against cervical cancer HeLa cells, targeting the EMT mechanism. The green synthesized chitosan encapsulated Silver- Nanoparticles using probiotic -Lactobacillus plantarum (CS-LP-AgNPs) were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, which showed a peak at 420 nm confirming the reduction of AgNPs. Zeta and DLS analysis revealed the particle surface charge and stability. TEM analysis demonstrated that CS-LP-AgNPs are spherically shaped, with a size of approximately 15.3 nm. XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline nature of CS-LP-AgNPs. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that CS-LP-AgNPs were functionalized with biomolecules. DAPI and double staining were employed to examine characteristic nuclear and morphological changes during apoptosis. Gene expression profiles of EMT in HeLa cell lines were performed to evaluate the anticancer potency of CS-LP-AgNPs. MTT assay demonstrated cytotoxic activity, whereas DAPI/(AO/EB) double staining images showed the induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by CS-LP-AgNPs treatment. CS-LP-AgNPs treated HeLa cells showed decreased SNAIL/EMT via enhancing apoptotic cascade mechanism. Green synthesized CS-LP-AgNPs may be considered an effective anti-cancer drug delivery system for the treatment of CC in the future.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene mutations and Vitamin D deficiency contribute to CRC development and progression. Certain long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) directly inhibit VDR gene transcription, leading to VDR mutation. Thus, targeting oncogenic lncRNAs and VDR expression is a promising strategy for effective cancer treatment. Here, we green-synthesized Lactobacillus plantarum loaded nickel oxide nanoparticles (LpNiONPs) to assess their anticancer potential in CRC by targeting long non-coding RNA EIF3J- divergent transcript (lncRNA EIF3J-DT) and VDR. The potent bioactive component present in L. plantarum was identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, and its interaction with VDR, as well as the functional interaction with lncRNA EIF3J-DT, were evaluated using the PyRx program and RPISeq-software, respectively. The LpNiONPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Zeta Potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The anticancer potential of LpNiONPs against HT-29 cells was assessed through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, scratch assay, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)/ acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO-EtBr) staining experiments, and reverse transcriptase-PCR to evaluate the expression of lncRNA EIF3J-DT/VDR and apoptotic-related genes. The potent bioactive compound Pyrrolo (1,2-a) pyrazine-1,4-dione in L. plantarum strongly interacts with VDR, highlighting its drug design potential. The formation of LpNiONPs was confirmed via UV–Vis spectroscopy with an absorption peak at 394 nm. LpNiONPs were positively charged, monodispersed, and stable square-shaped nanoparticles. LpNiONPs show dose-dependent cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis, confirmed by staining images in HT-29 cells. Moreover, LpNiONPs downregulated lncRNA EIF3J-DT, CYP24-A1 and BCL2 genes while upregulating VDR, cas-3, cas-9 and BAX in HT-29 cells. These findings suggest that LpNiONPs exhibit anticancer activity by promoting VDR-associated apoptosis by inhibiting lncRNA EIF3J-DT in CRC cells.

The purpose of the study was to assess a phenolic compound that was extracted from the brown seaweed Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linn.), Nees (1820) for its antibacterial activities on different bacterial pathogens of fish illnesses. Hexane and methanol were utilized to extract bioactive compounds from the seaweed. Phytochemical analysis of the methnaolic extracts have revealed the presence of carbohydrates and glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, amino acids, flavonoids, fixed oil and fat, phenol compounds, tannins, and steroids. The bacterial pathogens of fish, including Providencia vermicola, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio harveyi, and Aeromonas caviae, were targeted for antibacterial assessment. Among them, the methanolic crude extract and fraction-1 of E. intestinalis have shown maximum activity against A. hydrophila (22 ± 0.13 and 33 ± 0.56 µg/mL). Column chromatography was employed to isolate effective seaweed fraction, while FT-IR and HPLC were utilized for characterization. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of various compounds in both extracts. The crude methanolic extract of E. intestinalis have demonstrated the maximum efficacy beside the tested bacterial pathogens. The FT-IR analysis revealed functional groups associated with polymeric structures in the seaweed extracts, including alcohols, phenols, aromatics, alkyl halides, aliphatic amines, alkynes, and alkenes. Overall, the methanolic extract of E. intestinalis exhibited significant antibacterial activity as a result of the phenolic chemicals that are present. The study provides valuable baseline data, emphasizing the need for further research towards developing antibacterial drug formulations.

The present study validated the green synthesis and characterization of AgNPs using the leaf extracts of Solanum melongena (SM-AgNPs). The efficiency of the phytocompounds in the leaf extract in reducing Ag+ to Ag0 ions was studied. The synthesized SM-AgNPs were characterized by spectroscopic methods and standard methods were adopted for the antioxidant activity, HPTLC, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial assays and pesticidal activity as well. The synthesised nanoparticle was measured to be 20.54 nm which was confirmed by the characterization. The total phenolic content was 5.98 ± 0. GAE/g which indicated potent antioxidant activity. HPTLC profile showed thirteen peaks corresponding to the phenolic compounds with Rf values ranging from 0.05 to 0.95. The average particle size and zeta potential was 75.14 nm-19.8 mV respectively. Cytotoxicity assay of the synthesized AgNP’s showed viability percentage of 50.23 at 100 mg/mL. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cell lines with the SM-AgNPs induced early apoptosis in a greater number of cells. The synthesizedAgNPs were effective against the bacterial isolates Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. High mortality of Bemisiatabaci was observed in the100 µg/mL of the SM-AgNPs treated concentrations. The study demonstrated the efficiency of SM-AgNPs against cancer cell lines, microbial isolates and insect pests.

Being considered minor vexations, fungal infections hinder the life of about 15% of the world population superficially, with rare threats to life in case of invasive sepsis. A significant rise in the intrusive mycoses due to machiavellian fungal species is observed over the years due to increased pathology and fatality in people battling life-threatening diseases. Individuals undergoing therapy with immune suppressive drugs plus recovering from viral infections have shown to develop fungal sepsis as secondary infections while recovering or after. Currently, the whole world is fighting against the fright of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and corticosteroids being the primitive therapeutic to combat the COVID-19 inflammation, leads to an immune-compromised state, thereby allowing the not so harmful fungi to violate the immune barrier and flourish in the host. A wide range of fungal co-infection is observed in the survivors and patients of COVID-19. Fungal species of Candida, Aspergillus and Mucorales, are burdening the lives of COVID-19 patients/survivors in the form of Yellow/Green, White and Black fungus. This is the first article of its kind to assemble note on fungal infections seen in the current human health scenario till date and provides a strong message to the clinicians, researchers and physicians around the world “non-pathological fungus should not be dismissed as contaminants, they can quell immunocompromised hosts”.

The present study was investigated to the sequel of dietary supplementation of algae (Chaetomorpha aerea) on growth, exploitation of food, haematological, immunological parameters and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita for 28-days trial period. A total of 180 fishes with a body weight of 55 ± 0.9 g initially, were selected and allotted to one of five dietary treatments, in which the basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 g kg−1 (w/w) of C. aerea. The fishes were subjected to challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila and relative percentage of survival (%) was recorded for 14 days after the feeding trial. Accordingly, the fishes fed with C. aerea increased the growth rate, feed conversion rate, specific growth rate, haemoglobin, neutrophil and lysozyme activity, when compared to the control group (P