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Study Objective: Poorly controlled acute postsurgical pain is associated with delayed recovery, chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP), chronic opioid use and impaired functioning in daily activities. The aim was to determine the effectiveness of a transitional pain service (TPS) to improve quality of recovery for patients at risk of CPSP. We hypothesized that a TPS improves the quality of recovery in patients at risk of CPSP., Design: Single-center, pragmatic, randomized, superiority trial., Setting: Tertiary hospital in the Netherlands., Patients: Assessed for eligibility if ≥18 years of age, undergoing elective surgery, and had an increased risk of developing CPSP. After being stratified for sex, 176 patients were included., Intervention: Patients were randomized to receive TPS or standard of care (SOC). TPS was a multidisciplinary intervention providing a patient-tailored perioperative pain management plan, throughout all phases of surgery., Measurements: The primary outcome was the difference in quality of recovery on the third postoperative day, measured by the Quality of Recovery (QoR)-15 questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include the between group differences in opioid consumption., Main Results: The primary outcome was available in 169 (96.0%) patients. No difference between groups was found in QoR-15 on the third postoperative day (mean difference 2.0, 95% CI -5.5 to 9.4, p = 0.607). A decrease in opioid usage (compared to baseline) was observed in chronic opioid users, the median [IQR] reduction in total daily oral morphine milligram equivalents (MME) for TPS was -30 [-60, 0] at three and - 29.3 [-65.6, 0] at six months, whereas SOC had a median reduction of 0 [-56, 0] at three, and 0 [-60, 7.5] at six months., Conclusions: TPS did not significantly affect short-term quality of recovery but might improve long-term outcomes, such as the incidence of chronic pain, opioid consumption, and functioning in daily life. However, sample size in the present study was too small to provide solid evidence for this positive signal., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest regarding the submitted work. Outside the submitted manuscript, MWH serves as Executive Section Editor Pharmacology with Anesthesia and Analgesia and Section Editor Anesthesiology with the Journal of Clinical Medicine, Editor with Frontiers in Physiology and he received speakers fees from PAION and IDD Pharma., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)