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Highlights • Patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis showed decreased ALFF values in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, left precuneus and bilateral cerebellum. • The functional connectivities between the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus and the bilateral lingual gyrus, fusiform gyrus, calcarine, cuneus, and right posterior central gyrus were significantly increased in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. • Functional connectivity strength between the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus and bilateral cuneus were positively correlated with MoCA memory scores. • Patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis exhibited decreased spontaneous neural activities and abnormal functional connectivity, which may participate in the process of cognition and emotion deficits., Background Anti–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis showing severe neuropsychiatric symptoms is the most common type of autoimmune encephalitis. However, the corresponding standard clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presents normal or atypical in the majority of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Here, this study aimed to investigate the alterations in brain functional activity in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and whether these alterations contributed to cognition and mood disorders. Methods Seventeen patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and eighteen gender, age and education-matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants underwent neuropsychological tests (including Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD24)) and resting-state functional MRI. MRI data was firstly analyzed by amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), and brain regions with altered ALFF between groups were selected as regions of interest for the further functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Correlation analyses were performed to investigate the associations between brain dysfunction and neuropsychological performance. Results Relative to the healthy controls, patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis performed inferiorly in the MoCA score, and showed anxiety and depression disorders with higher HAMA and HAMD24 scores (all p more...

The mechanism of maternal in vivo haploid induction is not fully understood. In this study, the young embryos were identified by morphology, cytology and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers at different developmental stages in the cross HZ514 (sweet corn) × HZI1 (inducer). The results indicated that the low seed setting rate was determined by the inducer pollen during the process of fertilization. The mosaic endosperm kernels and the different percentages of aneuploidy, mixploidy, lagged chromosome, micronuclei, chromosomal bridge and ring chromosome were found in the cross; 7.37% of the haploid embryos carried chromosome segments from HZI1. About 1% twin seedlings resulted from the cross and were analyzed by cytology and SSR markers. Four pairs of twin seedlings had different chromosome numbers (2n = 20 and 2n = 10–20) and there were some chromosome fragments from HZI1. Aneuploidy, mixploidy and the abnormal chromosomes occurred in the in vivo haploid induction by HZI1, which is the cytological basis for haploid induction and indicates that the inducer's chromosomes are prone to be lost during mitotic and meiotic divisions. Morphological, cellular and molecular evidences reveal that complete or partial chromosome elimination from inducer HZI1 controls the maize in vivo haploid induction. DATA The link refers to the raw data from: Morphological, cellular and molecular evidences of chromosome random elimination in vivo upon haploid induction in maize. Current Plant Biology. Raw data for phenotype, maker sequence and cytology could be directly downloaded by the link: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bt963 more...