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Up-to-date, studies have underscored pivotal roles of dietary interventions in modulating immune function. However, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis and synthesis of their findings seems to be absent. To fill this knowledge gap, the relevant publications from 2002 to 2024 were screened out and analyzed using bibliometric quantitative methods. The results illustrate China led in publication volume (76 publications) over the past two decades, with Ocean University of China and Changhu Xue being leading contributors; while Food & Function featured the highest number of articles in this field. Furthermore, the analysis also identified the following research trends, including development of research models and methodologies for evaluating immunity enhancement, increasing number of bioactivities with identified immunoenhancing properties, and the exploration of their underlying mechanisms. Taken together, this comprehensive bibliometric analysis may delineate the thematic trends in this area and offer useful references for identifying novel dietary approaches to augment immunity in future.

Herein, the modification of indium oxide thermoelectric materials was carried out to investigate the effect of Si doping on the thermoelectric properties of In2O3. By precisely controlling the doping concentration of Si, a series of Si-doped In2O3 have been successfully prepared, and the thermoelectric properties have been systematically studied. The experimental results indicate that appropriate Si doping content can optimize the band structure and carrier concentration, significantly increase the electrical conductivity and power factor of In2O3, and effectively reduce the thermal conductivity, increase the thermoelectric value (ZT value) of the material with the highest value of ∼0.316 (973 K). In addition, Si doping could enhance the Vickers hardness of the material and improve the mechanical properties of the material. This study not only provides a new idea for optimizing the performances of indium oxide thermoelectric materials, but also provides a valuable reference for the development and application of thermoelectric materials.

In2O3 based materials are one of the most promising high-temperature thermoelectric materials for application. Herein, Sm doped In2O3 samples were prepared by mechanical alloying, high-temperature calcination, and discharge plasma sintering, and the influence mechanism of rare earth element doping on the thermoelectric properties of In2O3 based semiconductors was studied. The results indicate that the electrical conductivity increased significantly. Due to the introduction of Sm impurity levels, the density of states near the Fermi level significantly increases. The bandgap widens, and the mobility first decreases and then increases. Due to the increase in carrier concentration, the absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient decreases, but the gain effect caused by the increase in conductivity is greater than the debuff caused by the decrease in the absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient. The power factor increases after Sm doping.The thermal conductivity decreases due to the decrease in Young's modulus, enhanced heterogeneous scattering, and enhanced heavy element scattering. The ZT value was raised to ∼0.327 at 973 K, obtained by Sm doped In2O3 sample with x = 0.060, which is ∼6 times as that of the pristine In2O3 sample.

Acute liver failure (ALF) has an abrupt onset with a frequently fatal outcome. Previous studies have found that oral antibiotics prevent drug-induced liver injury in animal experiments, indicating that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the pathophysiological process. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. This study explored the comprehensive role of the gut microbiota in ALF using multi-omics. A cocktail of broad-spectrum antibiotics (Abx) pretreatment by gavage for four weeks improved the survival of D-(+)-galactosamine hydrochloride (D-Gal)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALF in C57BL/6 mice. RNA sequencing showed that inflammatory responses were inhibited and metabolic pathways were upregulated in the liver of Abx-treated ALF mice. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that Abx reshaped the composition and function of the gut microbiota, with an increased proportion of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism. In addition, global metabolic profiling by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) indicated that the gut microbiota post-Abx intervention reduced Trp excretion, liberated more Trp to the host, and enhanced the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway with increased production of Kyn. As an endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand, Kyn has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Furthermore, AhR-targeted treatments affected the outcome of ALF mice with or without Abx pretreatment, indicating that AhR directly regulated susceptibility to ALF, at least in part. This study demonstrates that the gut microbiota-dependent control of the Trp metabolism could regulate host susceptibility to ALF by modulating the activity of AhR, and thus provides a promising target for better management of ALF.