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The cathode surface temperature is a vital parameter in the pulsed vacuum arc discharge process, which has an important influence on the formation of vacuum arc plasma, electrode corrosion prediction and ion source lifetime. Currently, the research of cathode surface temperature measurement is mainly based on a high-speed charge coupled instrument (CCD) camera. However, there are no other temperature measuring instruments to verify the results of a high-speed camera. For this reason, a new type of multi-spectral pyrometer is developed. The developed pyrometer adopts optical filter instead of traditional prism splitting, which simplifies the calibration process of pyrometer. An optical sampling system is redesigned to ensure that a tiny target of 100 μm can be measured. On the built experimental platform, the synchronous experiment of multi-spectral pyrometer and high-speed camera are carried out. The experimental results show that the developed multi-spectral pyrometer can verify the measurement results of the multi-spectral pyrometer based on high-speed camera.

The traditional industrial chain consists of a group of entities that are familiar with each other, and the relationship between the entities is maintained by signing contracts. However, on the one hand, the inability to reach mutual trust between unfamiliar entities limits the collaboration of entities, and on the other hand, most of the profits in the industrial chain are grabbed by the dominant enterprises. In this paper, an information system for collaboration among business entities is developed based on blockchain, based on which a business model called Decentralized Industry Alliance (DIA) is proposed. Transactions and profit distribution in the DIA are executed by smart contracts, which enables unfamiliar entities to trust each other without relying on a third party. Any entity that voluntarily complies with the smart contracts automatically becomes a member of the DIA, thereby promoting the expansion of the industry scale. The smart contracts distribute profits according to each entity’s contribution to the alliance, so as to ensure the fairness of value distribution. A case about the alliance of elderly care industry is carried out, which shows that the DIA achieves rapid expansion on the premise of ensuring fairness. As a general business model in the web 3.0 era, the DIA can be referenced by other industries.

With the wide application of nanocomposite protective coatings in various fields, there are higher requirements for their properties. At the same time, the traditional chemical deposition and electrodeposition processes have defects with different degrees. Nanocomposite coating was prepared by pulse current assisted chemical deposition process, which has the advantages of effectively improving the chemical deposition rate and ensuring the uniformity and compactness of the deposition layer surface morphology. In this paper, the effect of different duty ratios on Ni–P-(sol)Al2O3 nanocomposite deposition was studied. The surface morphology, composition, hardness, wear resistance and elastoplastic mechanical properties of the nanocomposite coating were tested through experiments. The experimental results showed that, when the duty ratio of pulse current was 20%, the prepared Ni–P-(sol)Al2O3 nano-composite deposition layer has the best performance, and its deposition rate reached 45.99 μm/h, hardness value was 629 HV, friction coefficient was 0.395, wear-width was 126.33 μm, Young modulus was 135.216 GPa, elastic recovery ratio he/hmax reached the maximum value of 0.3976, H3/E2 reached the maximum value of 0.0505 GPa. Compared with the coatings prepared by the traditional chemical deposition process, it is found that both coatings show good compactness and uniformity. However, the pulse-assisted chemical deposition method is significantly superior to the latter in hardness and wear resistance. The deposition layer prepared by pulse-assisted chemical deposition not only has a uniform and compact surface, but also has high hardness, good toughness and optimal wear resistance.