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39 results on '"dIRAS RA-2"'

1. Recent pesticide exposure affects sleep: A cross-sectional study among smallholder farmers in Uganda

Author: Fuhrimann, Samuel, van den Brenk, Iris, Atuhaire, Aggrey, Mubeezi, Ruth, Staudacher, Philipp, Huss, Anke, Kromhout, Hans, dIRAS RA-2, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, and IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents
Subjects: Male, Glyphosate, Cross-sectional study, Pesticides, Mancozeb, Sleep, MOS, Farmer, Uganda, Context (language use), Logistic regression, Environmental Science(all), Occupational Exposure, Environmental health, Humans, Medicine, GE1-350, General Environmental Science, Farmers, business.industry, Agriculture, Odds ratio, Pesticide, Sleep in non-human animals, Mental health, Confidence interval, Environmental sciences, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, business
Abstract: Background Poorly educated smallholder farmers in low-income countries are highly exposed to pesticides. This can result in adverse mental health issues, of which sleep problems might be an underlying indicator. We aim to examine the association between sleep problems and pesticide exposure among smallholder farmers in Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional survey with 253 smallholder farmers was conducted between October and December 2019. Sleep problems were assessed during the week before the visit using the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-SS). Exposure to pesticides was assessed as application days of any pesticide and as use of 2,4-D, glyphosate, mancozeb, organophosphates & carbamates, pyrethroids and other pesticides during the week and year prior to the visit. Associations were assessed using adjusted multivariable logistic regression models. Results Increased odds ratio (OR) for the sleep problem index 6-items (OR [95% Confidence Interval] 1.99 [1.04; 3.84] and 3.21 [1.33; 7.82]), sleep inadequacy (1.94 [1.04; 3.66] and 2.49 [1.05–6.22]) and snoring (3.17 [1.12; 9.41] and 4.07 [1.04; 15.14]) were observed for farmers who respectively applied pesticides up to two days and three or more days in the past week compared to farmers who did not apply during the past week. Gender-stratified analyses showed a higher OR for female applicators (4.27 [1.76–11.16]) than for male applicators (1.82 [0.91–3.79]) for the association between the sleep problem index 6-items and pesticide use in the week before the visit. Increased ORs were also observed for the association between the sleep problem index 6-item and mancozeb exposure during the past year 2.28 [1.12–4.71] and past week 2.51 [0.86–7.55] and glyphosate exposure during the past week 3.75 [1.24–11.8] compared to non-applicators. Discussion Our findings suggest an increased risk of sleep problems among smallholder farmers in a pesticide-exposure-dependent way in a low-income context. Further gender-stratified, longitudinal investigations are warranted to confirm these findings., Environment International, 158, ISSN:0160-4120, ISSN:1873-6750
Published: 2022

2. Ultrafine particles, particle components and lung function at age 16 years: The PIAMA birth cohort study

Author: Yu, Z., Koppelman, G.H., Hoek, G., Kerckhoffs, J., Vonk, J.M., Vermeulen, R., Gehring, U., IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Organic geochemistry, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Organic geochemistry, and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)
Subjects: Vital capacity, Adolescent, CHILDREN, NO2, complex mixtures, Cohort Studies, FEV1/FVC ratio, Animal science, Interquartile range, Environmental Science(all), USE REGRESSION-MODELS, AREAS, Air Pollution, Linear regression, Ultrafine particle, medicine, Humans, GE1-350, EXPOSURE, Prospective Studies, Lung, General Environmental Science, Asthma, Air Pollutants, business.industry, Confounding, AIR-POLLUTION, Environmental Exposure, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Lung function, respiratory tract diseases, Adolescence, Environmental sciences, Ultrafine particles, Elemental composition, RESPIRATORY HEALTH, ASTHMA, business, Particulate matter
Abstract: Background: Particulate matter (PM) air pollution exposure has been linked to lung function in adolescents, but little is known about the relevance of specific PM components and ultrafine particles (UFP).Objectives: To investigate the associations of long-term exposure to PM elemental composition and UFP with lung function at age 16 years.Methods: For 706 participants of a prospective Dutch birth cohort, we assessed associations of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) at age 16 with average exposure to eight elemental components (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium and zinc) in PM2.5 and PM10, as well as UFP during the preceding years (age 13-16 years) estimated by land-use regression models. After assessing associations for each pollutant individually using linear regression models with adjustment for potential confounders, independence of associations with different pollutants was assessed in two-pollutant models with PM mass and NO2, for which associations with lung function have been reported previously.Results: We observed that for most PM elemental components higher exposure was associated with lower FEV1, especially PM10 sulfur [e.g. adjusted difference -2.23% (95% confidence interval (CI) -3.70 to -0.74%) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM10 sulfur]. The association with PM10 sulfur remained after adjusting for PM10 mass. Negative associations of exposure to UFP with both FEV1 and FVC were observed [-1.06% (95% CI: -2.08 to -0.03%) and -0.65% (95% CI: -1.53 to 0.23%), respectively per IQR increase in UFP], but did not persist in two-pollutant models with NO2 or PM2.5.Conclusions: Long-term exposure to sulfur in PM10 may result in lower FEV1 at age 16. There is no evidence for an independent effect of UFP exposure.
Published: 2021

3. Seasonal variations in air concentrations of 27 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 25 current-use pesticides (CUPs) across three agricultural areas of South Africa

Author: IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Figueiredo, D.M., IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, and Figueiredo, D.M.
Published: 2022

4. Associations between the fast-food environment and diabetes prevalence in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study

Author: Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology, Landdegradatie en aardobservatie, Social Urban Transitions, Hydrologie, Dep IRAS, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Ntarladima, Anna Maria, Karssenberg, Derek, Poelman, Maartje, Grobbee, Diederick E., Lu, Meng, Schmitz, Oliver, Strak, Maciej, Janssen, Nicole, Hoek, Gerard, Vaartjes, Ilonca, Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology, Landdegradatie en aardobservatie, Social Urban Transitions, Hydrologie, Dep IRAS, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Ntarladima, Anna Maria, Karssenberg, Derek, Poelman, Maartje, Grobbee, Diederick E., Lu, Meng, Schmitz, Oliver, Strak, Maciej, Janssen, Nicole, Hoek, Gerard, and Vaartjes, Ilonca
Published: 2022

5. Associations of residential exposure to agricultural pesticides with asthma prevalence in adolescence: The PIAMA birth cohort

Author: Bukalasa, Joseph S, Brunekreef, Bert, Brouwer, Maartje, Koppelman, Gerard H, Wijga, Alet H, Huss, Anke, Gehring, Ulrike, One Health Chemisch, LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), One Health Chemisch, LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)
Subjects: DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHYLENE, Adolescent, Pesticide application, CHILDHOOD, CHILDREN, 010501 environmental sciences, Logistic regression, Adolescents, 01 natural sciences, Cohort Studies, Agricultural pesticides, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, immune system diseases, Environmental health, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pesticides, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Asthma, Netherlands, PRENATAL EXPOSURE, PROXIMITY, lcsh:GE1-350, business.industry, Confounding, Odds ratio, Environmental exposure, AIR-POLLUTION, Pesticide, medicine.disease, Respiratory outcomes, respiratory tract diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, DRIFT, Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, chemistry, RESPIRATORY HEALTH, DDE, business, Birth cohort
Abstract: Background: It has been suggested that children who are exposed to agricultural pesticides have an increased risk of asthma, but evidence for associations betweeen residential pesticide exposure and childhood asthma is inconsistent. Objectives: To investigate the associations of residential pesticide exposure with the prevalence of asthma and related symptoms within a Dutch birth cohort study. Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, we included participants of the PIAMA birth cohort study with data on residential pesticide exposure and asthma from parent-completed questionnaires at age 14, collected in 2012 (N = 1473). We used spatial data on the presence of individual crops (cereals, open field vegetables, commercial crops, open field floriculture/bulbs, corn and potatoes) and pesticide application on these crops to estimate residential exposure to pesticides with known irritant properties for the respiratory system within distances of 100, 500, and 1000 m of the participants' homes. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between exposure and outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: No associations were found between living within 100, 500 and 1000 m of agricultural fields likely treated with pesticides and symptoms of asthma. For instance, for participants living within 100 m of fields with any crops likely treated with pesticides, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the prevalence of asthma, shortness of breath and dry night cough at age 14 were 0.31 (0.07, 1.32), 0.61 (0.23, 1.57) and 1.26 (0.56, 2.80), respectively. No associations were found between estimated exposure to pesticides with known irritant properties for the respiratory system and asthma or related symptoms. Conclusions: There was no association between living near agricultural fields likely treated with pesticides and asthma and related respiratory symptoms, among our study participants. Keywords: Agricultural pesticides, Respiratory outcomes, Asthma, Birth cohort, Adolescents
Published: 2018

6. Identification and spatial mapping of tracers of PM10 emission sources using a high spatial resolution distributed network in an urban setting

Author: Massimi, L., Wesseling, J., van Ratingen, S., Javed, I., Frezzini, M.A., Astolfi, M.L., Canepari, S., Vermeulen, R., Dynamics of Innovation Systems, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Dynamics of Innovation Systems, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, and dIRAS RA-2
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Seasonal variation, Chemical fractionation, Biomass, Spatial distribution, PM10 composition, chemical fractionation, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Diffusion (business), Source tracer, Image resolution, source tracer, spatial distribution, seasonal variation, firework, Total organic carbon, Levoglucosan, Sampling (statistics), Seasonality, medicine.disease, Firework, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science
Abstract: We employed an experimental approach for high spatial resolution sampling and analysis of PM10, allowing identification and spatial mapping of tracers of PM10 emission sources. Very-low-volume samplers were used at 17 sites in Amersfoort and at one regulatory reference site in Utrecht, The Netherlands, in a 5-month monitoring period (from September 2018 to February 2019), to assess the monthly spatial distribution of PM10 mass and PM10 chemical compounds. By performing principal component analysis on the obtained spatially-resolved data, selective and reliable source tracers were identified for soil dust (Ca+, Cl−, insoluble Al, Ce, Li, U and V), brake dust (insoluble Fe, Mn, Mo, Nb, Sb, Sn, W and Zr, water-soluble Fe, Mn, Mo and Sb), industrial and/or agricultural emissions (NH4+, water-soluble As, Co, Fe, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn and Ti), secondary organic and inorganic aerosols (water-soluble organic carbon, NO3− and SO42−), biomass domestic heating (water-soluble organic carbon, levoglucosan, water-soluble Cs, Li, Rb and Tl) and New Year's Eve fireworks (K+, Mg2+, Na+, water-soluble Al, Ba, Bi, Cr, Cu and Sr). The autumn and winter spatial mapping of the identified source tracers allowed us to effectively assess and localize the impact of the different PM10 sources and to evaluate the diffusion of the PM10 particles. This approach proved to be very effective to trace low-intensity PM10 sources and to map their seasonal spatial distribution. The obtained spatially-resolved chemical data can be used in further studies to evaluate spatial relationships between the concentration of PM10 air pollutants and adverse outcomes for human health. This approach promises to be a powerful tool for obtaining seasonal and spatially-resolved information about PM composition and sources in several study areas, having high impact on the air quality management.
Published: 2021

7. Early-life exposure to multiple persistent organic pollutants and metals and birth weight: Pooled analysis in four Flemish birth cohorts

Author: Govarts, E., Portengen, L., Lambrechts, N., Bruckers, L., Den Hond, E., Covaci, A., Nelen, V., Nawrot, T.S., Loots, I., Sioen, I., Baeyens, W., Morrens, B., Schoeters, G., Vermeulen, R., IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Vriendenkring VUB, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Chemistry, Covaci, Adrian/0000-0003-0527-1136, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, and dIRAS RA-2
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physiology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Persistent Organic Pollutants, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sociology, Pregnancy, POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS, Medicine, CORD BLOOD, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, OUTCOMES, Gestational age, Organochlorine compounds, Multipollutant models, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, VARIABLE SELECTION, Chemistry, Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, Biomarker (medicine), Environmental Pollutants, Female, Risk assessment, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene, Birth weight, ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Pooled analysis, Linear regression, Humans, Biology, PRENATAL EXPOSURE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, Science & Technology, business.industry, Bayes Theorem, Hexachlorobenzene, chemistry, CADMIUM EXPOSURE, FETAL-GROWTH, Human medicine, business, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Background and aims: Prenatal chemical exposure has frequently been associated with reduced fetal growth although results have been inconsistent. Most studies associate single pollutant exposure to this health outcome, even though this does not reflect real life situations as humans are exposed to many pollutants during their life time. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent environmental chemicals and birth weight using multipollutant models. Methods: We combined exposure biomarker data measured in cord blood samples of 1579 women from four Flemish birth cohorts collected over a 10 years' time period. The common set of available and detectable exposure measures in these cohorts are three polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners (138, 153 and 180), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and the metals cadmium and lead. Multiple linear regression (MLR), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), penalized regression using minimax concave penalty (MCP) and Bayesian Adaptive Sampling (BAS) were applied to assess the influence of multiple pollutants in a single analysis on birth weight, adjusted for a priori selected covariates. Results: In the pooled dataset, a median (P25-P75) birth weight and gestational age of 3420 (3140-3700) grams and 39 (39-40) weeks was observed respectively. The median contaminant levels in cord blood were: 15.8, 26.5, 18.0, 16.9 and 91.5 ng/g lipid for PCB 138, PCB 153, PCB 180, HCB and p,p'-DDE, respectively, 0.075 mu g/L for cadmium and 9.7 mu g/L for lead. According to the applied statistical methods for multipollutant assessment, p,p'-DDE and PCB 180 were most consistently associated with birth weight. In addition, PCB 153 was selected when applying MCP and BAS. An inverse association with birth weight was found for the PCB congeners, while an increased birth weight was observed for elevated levels of p,p'-DDE. Conclusions: Assessing the health risk of combinations of exposure biomarkers reflects better real-world situations and thereby allows more effective risk assessment. Our results add to the existing evidence based on detrimental effects of PCBs on birth weight and indicate a possible increase in birth weight due to p,p'-DDE (while correcting for PCBs). The FLEHS studies were carried out by the Flemish Center of Expertise on Environment and Health. The studies of the Center were commissioned, financed and steered by the Ministry of the Flemish Community. NIRAS/ONDRAF (Belgian National Agency for Radioactive Waste and enriched Fissile Material), STORA (Study and Consultation Radioactive Waste Dessel) and MONA (Mols Overleg Nucleair Afval) financed the 3xG study. Govarts, E (corresponding author), Flemish Inst Technol Res VITO, Hlth, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. eva.govarts@vito.be
Published: 2020

8. The Helsinki Declaration 2020: Europe that protects

Author: Halonen, J.I., Erhola, M., Furman, E., Haahtela, T., Jousilahti, P., Barouki, R., Bergman, Å., Billo, N.E., Fuller, R., Haines, A., Kogevinas, M., Kolossa-Gehring, M., Krauze, K., Lanki, T., Vicente, J.L., Messerli, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Paloniemi, R., Peters, A., Posch, K.-H., Timonen, P., Vermeulen, R., Virtanen, S.M., Bousquet, J., Antó, J.M., Sub Nanophotonics, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Sub Nanophotonics, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Tampere University, Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, and Tays Research Services
Subjects: Economic growth, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Health (social science), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Earth, Planet, Climate Change, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Medicine (miscellaneous), Climate change, Public policy, Medi ambient, Public Policy, Environment, Global Health, Health(social science), Helsinki declaration, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Urban planning, Air Pollution, Political science, Global health, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, City Planning, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Helsinki Declaration, lcsh:GE1-350, Salut mundial, Health Policy, Smoking, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Europe, 030228 respiratory system, Canvis climàtics
Abstract: publishedVersion Non
Published: 2020

9. Effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter and metal components on mortality in the Rome longitudinal study

Author: Badaloni, Chiara, Cesaroni, Giulia, Cerza, Francesco, Davoli, Marina, Brunekreef, Bert, Forastiere, Francesco, dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), dIRAS RA-2, and LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Longitudinal study, Percentile, Rome, Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, Land use regression, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Environmental health, Air Pollution, Metals, Heavy, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Mortality, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Cardiovascular mortality, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Vehicle Emissions, lcsh:GE1-350, Air Pollutants, Chemistry, Proportional hazards model, Long-term exposure, Hazard ratio, Environmental engineering, Environmental Exposure, Particulates, Middle Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Study, Particulate components, Longitudinal, Female, Particulate Matter, Ischemic heart
Abstract: Background: The effect of long-term exposure to metal components in particulate matter on mortality are still controversial. Objectives: To study the association between long-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, particulate matter components (copper, iron, zinc, sulfur, silicon, potassium, nickel, and vanadium) and non-accidental, cardiovascular (CVD), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality. Methods: All 30+ year olds from the Rome Longitudinal Study were followed for vital status from October 2001 until December 2010. We used land use regression models to estimate annual average concentrations at residences and Cox models to estimate the associations between pollutants and cause-specific mortality, adjusting for individual and contextual characteristics. Hazard ratios (HRs) were expressed per increments equal to the 5th–95th percentile range of each pollutant distribution. Results: We analyzed 1,249,108 residents and found strong associations between all exposure indicators and mortality. We observed higher mortality risk with increasing exposure to PM2.5 absorbance (HR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.03–1.06) and to tracers of non-tailpipe traffic emissions such as tire and brake wear (Cu, Fe, and Zn); for PM2.5Zn, we found HR=1.06 (95% CI: 1.04–1.08) for non-accidental mortality, HR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.04–1.10) for CVD, and HR=1.11 (95% CI: 1.06–1.16) for IHD mortality. With increasing levels of nickel in PM10, we found HR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.05–1.09) for non-accidental mortality, HR=1.08 (95% CI: 1.05–1.11) for CVD, and HR=1.13 (95% CI: 1.08–1.18) for IHD mortality. Results were robust when we adjusted for PM mass and for cardiovascular mortality when we adjusted for NO2. Conclusions: In addition to vehicular exhaust pollutants, PM related to non-tailpipe emissions and mixed oil burning/industry plays an important role in mortality. Keywords: Particulate components, Air pollution, Long-term exposure, Mortality, Rome Longitudinal Study
Published: 2017

10. Associations between dietary amino acid intakes and blood concentration levels

Author: Iguacel, I., Perez-Cornago, A., Van Puyvelde, H., Travis, R., Stepien, M., Scalbert, A., Casagrande, C., Weiderpass, E., Riboli, E., Schulze, M.B., Skeie, G., Bodén, S., Boeing, H., Cross, A.J., Harlid, S., Jensen, T.E., Huerta, J.M., Katzke, V., Kühn, T., Lujan-Barroso, L., Masala, G., Rodriguez-Barranco, M., Rostgaard-Hansen, A.L., van der Schouw, Y.T., Vermeulen, R., Tagliabue, G., Tjønneland, A., Trevisan, M., Ferrari, P., Gunter, M.J., Huybrechts, I., IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, and dIRAS RA-2
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Phenylalanine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Diet Surveys, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, Eating, Blood levels, Valine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Methionine, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition & Dietetics, business.industry, Dietary intake, Tryptophan, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 24-H dietary recall, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Diet, Endocrinology, Dietary questionnaire, chemistry, Amino acids, Female, 1111 Nutrition and Dietetics, Amino Acids, Essential, Leucine, Isoleucine, business
Abstract: Background and aims: Emerging evidence suggests a role of amino acids (AAs) in the development of various diseases including renal failure, liver cirrhosis, diabetes and cancer. However, mechanistic pathways and the effects of dietary AA intakes on circulating levels and disease outcomes are unclear. We aimed to compare protein and AA intakes, with their respective blood concentrations in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Methods: Dietary protein and AA intakes were assessed via the EPIC dietary questionnaires (DQ) and 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR). A subsample of 3768 EPIC participants who were free of cancer had blood AA concentrations measured. To investigate how circulating levels relate to their respective intakes, dietary AA intake was examined in quintiles and ANOVA tests were run. Pearson correlations were examined for continous associations between intakes and blood concentrations. Results: Dietary AA intakes (assessed with the DQ) and blood AA concentrations were not strongly correlated (−0.15 ≤ r ≤ 0.17) and the direction of the correlations depended on AA class: weak positive correlations were found for most essential AAs (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine) and conditionally essential AAs (arginine and tyrosine), while negative associations were found for non-essential AAs. Similar results were found when using the 24-HDR. When conducting ANOVA tests for essential AAs, higher intake quintiles were linked to higher blood AA concentrations, except for histidine and phenylalanine. For non-essential AAs and glycine, an inverse relationship was observed. Conditionally-essential AAs showed mixed results. Conclusions: Weak positive correlations and dose responses were found between most essential and conditionally essential AA intakes, and blood concentrations, but not for the non-essential AAs. These results suggest that intake of dietary AA might be related to physiological AA status, particularly for the essential AAs. However, these results should be further evaluated and confirmed in large-scale prospective studies.
Published: 2021

11. Residential traffic exposure and lymphohematopoietic malignancies among children in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: An ecological study

Author: IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Ribeiro, Adeylson Guimarães, Vermeulen, Roel, Cardoso, Maria Regina Alves, Latorre, Maria do Rosario Dias de Oliveira, Hystad, Perry, Downward, George Stanley, Nardocci, Adelaide Cássia, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Ribeiro, Adeylson Guimarães, Vermeulen, Roel, Cardoso, Maria Regina Alves, Latorre, Maria do Rosario Dias de Oliveira, Hystad, Perry, Downward, George Stanley, and Nardocci, Adelaide Cássia
Published: 2021

12. Headache in girls and boys growing up from age 11 to 20 years: the PIAMA birth cohort study

Author: IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Wijga, Alet H, Gehring, Ulrike, van de Putte, Elise M, Koppelman, Gerard, Vader, Sarah, Schmits, Ruben J H, Wouden, J Hans C van der, Picavet, H Susan J, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Wijga, Alet H, Gehring, Ulrike, van de Putte, Elise M, Koppelman, Gerard, Vader, Sarah, Schmits, Ruben J H, Wouden, J Hans C van der, and Picavet, H Susan J
Published: 2021

13. ELF exposure from mobile and cordless phones for the epidemiological MOBI-Kids study

Author: Calderón, Carolina, Ichikawa, Hiroki, Taki, Masao, Wake, Kanako, Addison, Darren, Mee, Terry, Maslanyj, Myron, Kromhout, Hans, Lee, Ae Kyoung, Sim, Malcolm R., Wiart, Joe, Cardis, Elisabeth, LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), and dIRAS RA-2
Subjects: Engineering, Epidemiology, Radiation Dosage, Induced current density, Communications system, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, EMF, 03 medical and health sciences, Electromagnetic Fields, 0302 clinical medicine, Radiation Monitoring, GSM, Electronic engineering, Humans, Computer Simulation, Mobile phones, Extremely low frequency, Child, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, Voice over IP, business.industry, Code division multiple access, Child Health, Brain, Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications, Environmental Exposure, ELF, Transmission (telecommunications), Case-Control Studies, Magnetic fields, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Telecommunications, business, Cell Phone, UMTS frequency bands
Abstract: This paper describes measurements and computational modelling carried out in the MOBI-Kids case-control study to assess the extremely low frequency (ELF) exposure of the brain from use of mobile and cordless phones. Four different communication systems were investigated: Global System for Mobile (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) and Wi-Fi Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). The magnetic fields produced by the phones during transmission were measured under controlled laboratory conditions, and an equivalent loop was fitted to the data to produce three-dimensional extrapolations of the field. Computational modelling was then used to calculate the induced current density and electric field strength in the brain resulting from exposure to these magnetic fields. Human voxel phantoms of four different ages were used: 8, 11, 14 and adult. The results indicate that the current densities induced in the brain during DECT calls are likely to be an order of magnitude lower than those generated during GSM calls but over twice that during UMTS calls. The average current density during Wi-Fi VoIP calls was found to be lower than for UMTS by 30%, but the variability across the samples investigated was high. Spectral contributions were important to consider in relation to current density, particularly for DECT phones. This study suggests that the spatial distribution of the ELF induced current densities in brain tissues is determined by the physical characteristics of the phone (in particular battery position) while the amplitude is mainly dependent on communication system, thus providing a feasible basis for assessing ELF exposure in the epidemiological study. The number of phantoms was not large enough to provide definitive evidence of an increase of induced current density with age, but the data that are available suggest that, if present, the effect is likely to be very small. Keywords: EMF, ELF, Mobile phones, Induced current density, Magnetic fields, Epidemiology
Published: 2017

14. Proximity to agricultural fields as proxy for environmental exposure to pesticides among children: The PIAMA birth cohort

Author: Bukalasa, Joseph S, Brunekreef, Bert, Brouwer, Maartje, Vermeulen, Roel, de Jongste, Johan C, van Rossem, Lenie, Vonk, Judith M, Wijga, Alet, Huss, Anke, Gehring, Ulrike, dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), dIRAS RA-I&I RA, dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Pediatrics, and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, FRANCE, 010501 environmental sciences, Agricultural pesticides, 01 natural sciences, Decreased lung function, Proxy (climate), Exposure, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Environmental Chemistry, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pesticides, Child, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Netherlands, RISK, business.industry, food and beverages, PATHWAYS, Agriculture, Environmental exposure, Environmental Exposure, DEFECTS, Pesticide, ATMOSPHERE, Pollution, Crop protection, RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS, Geography, Geographical information system, ASTHMA, business, Birth cohort
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Agricultural pesticides are frequently used for crop protection. Residents living in close proximity to treated fields may be exposed to these pesticides. There is some indication that children living near agricultural fields have an increased risk of developing asthma and decreased lung function. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the proximity of participants' homes to fields likely treated with pesticides as proxy for environmental exposure to agricultural pesticides among participants of a Dutch birth cohort study, and to combine acreage of fields with farmer-reported pesticide use. METHODS: Potential pesticide exposure at the home address at the time of the 14-year follow-up was estimated for 2291 participants of the Dutch PIAMA birth cohort study. We used spatial data on the presence of crops during the year 2012 to calculate the surface area of specific crops relevant for pesticide use in The Netherlands cultivated within 50, 100, 500 and 1000m of the study homes. Farmer-reported pesticides use on specific crops from a national survey performed in 2012 was used to estimate the amount of all pesticides and pesticides with known irritant properties for the respiratory system applied within the aforementioned distances of the study homes. RESULTS: For 3%, 7%, 40%, and 65% of the homes, any relevant crops were present within 50, 100, 500 and 1000m, respectively. Among these, the most frequent crops were corn, cereals, and potatoes. For almost the same percentages of homes, it was estimated that pesticides with known irritant properties for the respiratory system were potentially applied within these distances. CONCLUSIONS: We observed that a small proportion of the study participants lived in close proximity (
Published: 2017

15. Sarcoidosis in a patient clinically diagnosed with silicosis; is silica associated sarcoidosis a new phenotype?

Author: Beijer, Els, Meek, Bob, Kromhout, Hans, van Es, H. Wouter, Seldenrijk, Kees, Drent, Marjolein, Rooijackers, Jos M., Veltkamp, Marcel, One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, One Health Chemisch, and dIRAS RA-2
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Sarcoidosis, Silicosis, Case Report, SILICA EXPOSURE, CBD, Chronic beryllium disease, FVC, Forced Vital Capacity, medicine, Sarcoidosis phenotypes, LPT, Lymphocyte proliferation test, Sensitization, lcsh:RC705-779, EDXA, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, business.industry, Pneumoconiosis, Silica, lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Infliximab, HRCT, High-resolution computed tomography, medicine.anatomical_structure, 18 F-FDG PET/CT, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose by positron emission tomography/computed tomography, Radiological weapon, Etiology, business, DLCO, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, medicine.drug
Abstract: A diagnosis of silicosis is made on the basis of exposure and typical radiological findings, according to the ILO's International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconiosis. Radiological patterns of silicosis can, however, resemble sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is a multi-systemic disorder of unknown etiology, although a role for initiating inorganic triggers such as metals or silica has been suggested. In this case report, we illustrate a patient previously diagnosed with silicosis based on exposure and radiological features, progressive under immunosuppressive treatment. In view of these findings, an open lung biopsy was performed and revealed sarcoidosis. The patient was effectively treated with infliximab. Further analysis showed the presence of silica in the granulomas. Sensitization to silica was also demonstrated, suggesting an association between silica exposure and sarcoidosis in this patient. Keywords: Silicosis, Sarcoidosis, Sarcoidosis phenotypes, Silica, Infliximab
Published: 2019

16. Increased telomere length and mtDNA copy number induced by multi-walled carbon nanotube exposure in the workplace

Author: IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Dep IRAS, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Ghosh, M., Martens, D.S., Öner, D., Vlaanderen, J., Pronk, A., Kuijpers, E., Vermeulen, R., Nawrot, T.S., Godderis, L., Hoet, P.H., IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Dep IRAS, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Ghosh, M., Martens, D.S., Öner, D., Vlaanderen, J., Pronk, A., Kuijpers, E., Vermeulen, R., Nawrot, T.S., Godderis, L., and Hoet, P.H.
Published: 2020

17. The Helsinki Declaration 2020: Europe that protects

Author: Sub Nanophotonics, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Halonen, J.I., Erhola, M., Furman, E., Haahtela, T., Jousilahti, P., Barouki, R., Bergman, Å., Billo, N.E., Fuller, R., Haines, A., Kogevinas, M., Kolossa-Gehring, M., Krauze, K., Lanki, T., Vicente, J.L., Messerli, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Paloniemi, R., Peters, A., Posch, K.-H., Timonen, P., Vermeulen, R., Virtanen, S.M., Bousquet, J., Antó, J.M., Sub Nanophotonics, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Halonen, J.I., Erhola, M., Furman, E., Haahtela, T., Jousilahti, P., Barouki, R., Bergman, Å., Billo, N.E., Fuller, R., Haines, A., Kogevinas, M., Kolossa-Gehring, M., Krauze, K., Lanki, T., Vicente, J.L., Messerli, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Paloniemi, R., Peters, A., Posch, K.-H., Timonen, P., Vermeulen, R., Virtanen, S.M., Bousquet, J., and Antó, J.M.
Published: 2020

18. Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology Reporting Standards (ISLE-ReSt) statement

Author: Landdegradatie en aardobservatie, SGPL Stadsgeografie, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Jia, P., Remais, J.V., Stein, A., Brownson, R.C., Lakerveld, J., Yang, L., Amer, S., Pearce, J., Kestens, Y., Kwan, M.-P., Xu, F., Rundle, A., Xiao, Q., Xue, H., Cheng, G., Panter, J., Kingham, S., Jones, A., Johnson, B.T., Mavoa, S., Toivonen, T., Mwenda, K.M., Verschuren, W.M.M., Vermeulen, R., James, P., Landdegradatie en aardobservatie, SGPL Stadsgeografie, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Jia, P., Remais, J.V., Stein, A., Brownson, R.C., Lakerveld, J., Yang, L., Amer, S., Pearce, J., Kestens, Y., Kwan, M.-P., Xu, F., Rundle, A., Xiao, Q., Xue, H., Cheng, G., Panter, J., Kingham, S., Jones, A., Johnson, B.T., Mavoa, S., Toivonen, T., Mwenda, K.M., Verschuren, W.M.M., Vermeulen, R., and James, P.
Published: 2020

19. Proteomic markers with prognostic impact on outcome of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients under chemo-immunotherapy; results from the HOVON 109 study

Author: IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Hosnijeh, Fatemeh Saberi, van der Straten, Lina, Kater, Arnon P., van Oers, Marinus H.J., Posthuma, Ward F.M., Chamuleau, Martine E.D., Bellido, Mar, Doorduijn, Jeanette K., van Gelder, Michel, Hoogendoorn, Mels, de Boer, Fransien, Doreen te Raa, G., Kerst, J. Martijn, Marijt, Erik W.A., Raymakers, Reinier A.P., Koene, Harry R., Schaafsma, Martijn R., Dobber, Johan A., Tonino, Sanne H., Kersting, Sabina S., Langerak, Anton W., Levin, Mark-David, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Hosnijeh, Fatemeh Saberi, van der Straten, Lina, Kater, Arnon P., van Oers, Marinus H.J., Posthuma, Ward F.M., Chamuleau, Martine E.D., Bellido, Mar, Doorduijn, Jeanette K., van Gelder, Michel, Hoogendoorn, Mels, de Boer, Fransien, Doreen te Raa, G., Kerst, J. Martijn, Marijt, Erik W.A., Raymakers, Reinier A.P., Koene, Harry R., Schaafsma, Martijn R., Dobber, Johan A., Tonino, Sanne H., Kersting, Sabina S., Langerak, Anton W., and Levin, Mark-David
Published: 2020

20. Temporal variation of pesticide mixtures in rivers of three agricultural watersheds during a major drought in the Western Cape, South Africa

Author: One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, Curchod, Lou, Oltramare, Christelle, Junghans, Marion, Stamm, Christian, Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel, Röösli, Martin, Fuhrimann, Samuel, One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, Curchod, Lou, Oltramare, Christelle, Junghans, Marion, Stamm, Christian, Dalvie, Mohamed Aqiel, Röösli, Martin, and Fuhrimann, Samuel
Published: 2020

21. Back-extrapolated and year-specific NO2 land use regression models for Great Britain - Do they yield different exposure assessment?

Author: Gulliver, John, de Hoogh, Kees, Hoek, Gerard, Vienneau, Danielle, Fecht, Daniela, Hansell, Anna, dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Risk Assessment, dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Risk Assessment, and Commission of the European Communities
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mean squared error, media_common.quotation_subject, Yield (finance), Population, Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, Land use regression, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Air Pollution, Air pollution modelling, MD Multidisciplinary, Statistics, medicine, Humans, education, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Exposure assessment, media_common, Nitrogen dioxide, Selection bias, lcsh:GE1-350, Air Pollutants, education.field_of_study, Back-extrapolation, Models, Theoretical, GIS, United Kingdom, Industrial land, Regression Analysis, Environmental science, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Robust methods to estimate historic population air pollution exposures are important tools for epidemiological studies evaluating long-term health effects. We developed land use regression (LUR) models for NO2 exposure in Great Britain for 1991 and explored whether the choice of year-specific or back-extrapolated LUR yields 1) similar LUR variables and model performance, and 2) similar national and regional address-level and small-area concentrations. We constructed two LUR models for 1991using NO2 concentrations from the diffusion tube monitoring network, one using 75% of all available measurement sites (that over-represent industrial areas), and the other using 75% of a subset of sites proportionate to population by region to study the effects of monitoring site selection bias. We compared, using the remaining (hold-out) 25% of monitoring sites, the performance of the two 1991 models with back-extrapolation of a previously published 2009 model, developed using NO2 concentrations from automatic chemiluminescence monitoring sites and predictor variables from 2006/2007. The 2009 model was back-extrapolated to 1991 using the same predictors (1990 & 1995) used to develop 1991 models. The 1991 models included industrial land use variables, not present for 2009. The hold-out performance of 1991 models (mean-squared-error-based-R2: 0.62–0.64) was up to 8% higher and ~1 μg/m3 lower in root mean squared error than the back-extrapolated 2009 model, with best performance from the subset of sites representing population exposures. Year-specific and back-extrapolated exposures for residential addresses (n = 1.338,399) and small areas (n = 10.518) were very highly linearly correlated for Great Britain (r > 0.83). This study suggests that year-specific model for 1991 and back-extrapolation of the 2009 LUR yield similar exposure assessment. Keywords: Air pollution modelling, Back-extrapolation, Exposure assessment, GIS, Land use regression, Nitrogen dioxide
Published: 2016

22. Current EU research activities on combined exposure to multiple chemicals

Author: Bopp, Stephanie K, Barouki, Robert, Brack, Werner, Dalla Costa, Silvia, Dorne, Jean-Lou C M, Drakvik, Paula E, Faust, Michael, Karjalainen, Tuomo K, Kephalopoulos, Stylianos, van Klaveren, Jacob, Kolossa-Gehring, Marike, Kortenkamp, Andreas, Lebret, Erik, Lettieri, Teresa, Nørager, Sofie, Rüegg, Joëlle, Tarazona, Jose V, Trier, Xenia, van de Water, Bob, van Gils, Jos, Bergman, Åke, Sub RIVM, dIRAS RA-2, Sub RIVM, and dIRAS RA-2
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, PNEC, predicted no effect concentration, SMRI, similar mixture risk indicator, 010501 environmental sciences, MoA, mode of action, 01 natural sciences, PBTK, physiologically based toxicokinetic (model), AOP, adverse outcome pathway, TTC, Threshold of Toxicological Concern, NAM, new approach methodology, Order (exchange), MCRA, Monte Carlo risk assessment tool, CMEP, chemical monitoring and emerging pollutants, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, lcsh:GE1-350, IATA, integrated approach to testing and assessment, Legislature, Environmental exposure, CAG, cumulative assessment group, IPRA, integrated probabilistic risk assessment, DEB, dynamic energy budget, RDT, repeated dose systemic toxicity, Risk assessment, Exposure data, IA, independent action, DART, developmental and reproductive toxicity, EBT, effect-based tools, MSFD, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, TK, toxicokinetic, CRA, cumulative risk assessment, AO, adverse outcome, BMD, benchmark dose modelling, MCR, maximum cumulative ratio, MRA, mixture risk assessment, Complex Mixtures, PEC, predicted exposure concentration, Risk Assessment, SYRINA, systematic review and integrated assessment, Hazardous Substances, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cells, EDC, endocrine disrupting chemical, LOE, lines of evidence, media_common.cataloged_instance, Animals, Humans, BQE, biological quality element, European Union, European union, Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Exposure assessment, QSAR, quantitative structure activity relationship, Research, EQS, environmental quality standard, Environmental Exposure, MEC, measured exposure concentration, Effect assessment, 030104 developmental biology, HBM, human biomonitoring, 13. Climate action, WFD, Water Framework Directive, CA, concentration addition
Abstract: Humans and wildlife are exposed to an intractably large number of different combinations of chemicals via food, water, air, consumer products, and other media and sources. This raises concerns about their impact on public and environmental health. The risk assessment of chemicals for regulatory purposes mainly relies on the assessment of individual chemicals. If exposure to multiple chemicals is considered in a legislative framework, it is usually limited to chemicals falling within this framework and co-exposure to chemicals that are covered by a different regulatory framework is often neglected. Methodologies and guidance for assessing risks from combined exposure to multiple chemicals have been developed for different regulatory sectors, however, a harmonised, consistent approach for performing mixture risk assessments and management across different regulatory sectors is lacking. At the time of this publication, several EU research projects are running, funded by the current European Research and Innovation Programme Horizon 2020 or the Seventh Framework Programme. They aim at addressing knowledge gaps and developing methodologies to better assess chemical mixtures, by generating and making available internal and external exposure data, developing models for exposure assessment, developing tools for in silico and in vitro effect assessment to be applied in a tiered framework and for grouping of chemicals, as well as developing joint epidemiological-toxicological approaches for mixture risk assessment and for prioritising mixtures of concern. The projects EDC-MixRisk, EuroMix, EUToxRisk, HBM4EU and SOLUTIONS have started an exchange between the consortia, European Commission Services and EU Agencies, in order to identify where new methodologies have become available and where remaining gaps need to be further addressed. This paper maps how the different projects contribute to the data needs and assessment methodologies and identifies remaining challenges to be further addressed for the assessment of chemical mixtures., Highlights • Mapping EU funded research projects to different aspects of mixture risk assessment. • Overview of current status and methodological developments • Need to further address data and knowledge gaps overarching different chemical sectors
Published: 2018

23. Short-term effects of air pollution and temperature on cattle mortality in the Netherlands

Author: dFAH AVR, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, dIRAS RA-2, One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Egberts, V., van Schaik, G., Brunekreef, B., Hoek, G., dFAH AVR, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, dIRAS RA-2, One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Egberts, V., van Schaik, G., Brunekreef, B., and Hoek, G.
Published: 2019

24. Association between physical activity and risk of hepatobiliary cancers: A multinational cohort study

Author: One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, Baumeister, Sebastian E., Schlesinger, Sabrina, Aleksandrova, Krasimira, Jochem, Carmen, Jenab, Mazda, Gunter, Marc J., Overvad, Kim, Tjønneland, Anne, Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Carbonnel, Franck, Fournier, Agnès, Kühn, Tilman, Kaaks, Rudolf, Pischon, Tobias, Boeing, Heiner, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Bamia, Christina, La Vecchia, Carlo, Masala, Giovanna, Panico, Salvatore, Fasanelli, Francesca, Tumino, Rosario, Grioni, Sara, Bueno de Mesquita, Bas, Vermeulen, Roel, May, Anne M., Borch, Kristin B., Oyeyemi, Sunday O., Ardanaz, Eva, Rodríguez-Barranco, Miguel, Dolores Chirlaque López, María, Felez-Nobrega, Mireia, Sonestedt, Emily, Ohlsson, Bodil, Hemmingsson, Oskar, Werner, Mårten, Perez-Cornago, Aurora, Ferrari, Pietro, Stepien, Magdalena, Freisling, Heinz, Tsilidis, Konstantinos K., Ward, Heather, Riboli, Elio, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Leitzmann, Michael F., One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, Baumeister, Sebastian E., Schlesinger, Sabrina, Aleksandrova, Krasimira, Jochem, Carmen, Jenab, Mazda, Gunter, Marc J., Overvad, Kim, Tjønneland, Anne, Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Carbonnel, Franck, Fournier, Agnès, Kühn, Tilman, Kaaks, Rudolf, Pischon, Tobias, Boeing, Heiner, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Bamia, Christina, La Vecchia, Carlo, Masala, Giovanna, Panico, Salvatore, Fasanelli, Francesca, Tumino, Rosario, Grioni, Sara, Bueno de Mesquita, Bas, Vermeulen, Roel, May, Anne M., Borch, Kristin B., Oyeyemi, Sunday O., Ardanaz, Eva, Rodríguez-Barranco, Miguel, Dolores Chirlaque López, María, Felez-Nobrega, Mireia, Sonestedt, Emily, Ohlsson, Bodil, Hemmingsson, Oskar, Werner, Mårten, Perez-Cornago, Aurora, Ferrari, Pietro, Stepien, Magdalena, Freisling, Heinz, Tsilidis, Konstantinos K., Ward, Heather, Riboli, Elio, Weiderpass, Elisabete, and Leitzmann, Michael F.
Published: 2019

25. Calibration of polydimethylsiloxane and polyurethane foam passive air samplers for measuring semi volatile organic compounds using a novel exposure chamber design

Author: One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, Tromp, Peter C., Beeltje, Henry, Okeme, Joseph O., Vermeulen, Roel, Pronk, Anjoeka, Diamond, Miriam L., One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, Tromp, Peter C., Beeltje, Henry, Okeme, Joseph O., Vermeulen, Roel, Pronk, Anjoeka, and Diamond, Miriam L.
Published: 2019

26. Time trends, seasonal differences and determinants of systemic antimicrobial use in companion animal clinics (2012-2015)

Author: dI&I I&I-4, LS Klinisch Onderzoek Wagenaar, One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, One Health Microbieel, Dep IRAS, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Faculteit Diergeneeskunde, Hopman, Nonke E M, Portengen, Lützen, Heederik, Dick J J, Wagenaar, Jaap A, Van Geijlswijk, Ingeborg M, Broens, Els M, dI&I I&I-4, LS Klinisch Onderzoek Wagenaar, One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, One Health Microbieel, Dep IRAS, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Faculteit Diergeneeskunde, Hopman, Nonke E M, Portengen, Lützen, Heederik, Dick J J, Wagenaar, Jaap A, Van Geijlswijk, Ingeborg M, and Broens, Els M
Published: 2019

27. Land use regression models for the oxidative potential of fine particles (PM2.5) in five European areas

Author: Gulliver, John, Morley, David, Dunster, Chrissi, McCrea, Adrienne, van Nunen, Erik, Tsai, Ming-Yi, Probst-Hensch, Nicoltae, Eeftens, Marloes, Imboden, Medea, Ducret-Stich, Regina E., Naccarati, Alessio, Galassi, Claudia, Ranzi, Andrea, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J, Curto, Ariadna, Donaire-Gonzalez, David, Cirach, Marta, Vermeulen, Roel, Vineis, Paolo, Hoek, Gerard, Kelly, Frank J., LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, and LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 05 Environmental Sciences, Annual average, Air pollution, Test sensitivity, 010501 environmental sciences, Land use regression, medicine.disease_cause, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Spatial variability, Statistics, medicine, Oxidative potential, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Exposure assessment, LUR, 06 Biological Sciences, Environmental science, 03 Chemical Sciences
Abstract: Oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) is proposed as a biologically-relevant exposure metric for studies of air pollution and health. We aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of the OP of measured PM2.5 using ascorbate (AA) and (reduced) glutathione (GSH), and develop land use regression (LUR) models to explain this spatial variability. We estimated annual average values (m(-3)) of OP(AA) and OP(GSH) for five areas (Basel, CH; Catalonia, ES; London-Oxford, UK (no OP(GSH)); the Netherlands; and Turin, IT) using PM2.5 filters. OP(AA) and OP(GSH) LUR models were developed using all monitoring sites, separately for each area and combined-areas. The same variables were then used in repeated sub-sampling of monitoring sites to test sensitivity of variable selection; new variables were offered where variables were excluded (p > .1). On average, measurements of OP(AA) and OP(GSH) were moderately correlated (maximum Pearson's maximum Pearson's R = = .7) with PM2.5 and other metrics (PM2.5absorbance, NO2, Cu, Fe). HOV (hold-out validation) R(2) for OP(AA) models was .21, .58, .45, .53, and .13 for Basel, Catalonia, London-Oxford, the Netherlands and Turin respectively. For OP(GSH), the only model achieving at least moderate performance was for the Netherlands (R(2) = .31). Combined models for OP(AA) and OP(GSH) were largely explained by study area with weak local predictors of intra-area contrasts; we therefore do not endorse them for use in epidemiologic studies. Given the moderate correlation of OP(AA) with other pollutants, the three reasonably performing LUR models for OP(AA) could be used independently of other pollutant metrics in epidemiological studies.
Published: 2017

28. Neighbourhood social and physical environment and general practitioner assessed morbidity

Author: Social Urban Transitions, SGPL Stadsgeografie, dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, One Health Chemisch, Leerstoel Volker, Groenewegen, Peter, Zock, J-P, Spreeuwenberg, P, Helbich, M, Hoek, G, Ruijsbroek, A, Strak, M, Verheij, R, Volker, B, Waverijn, G, Dijst, M, Social Urban Transitions, SGPL Stadsgeografie, dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, One Health Chemisch, Leerstoel Volker, Groenewegen, Peter, Zock, J-P, Spreeuwenberg, P, Helbich, M, Hoek, G, Ruijsbroek, A, Strak, M, Verheij, R, Volker, B, Waverijn, G, and Dijst, M
Published: 2018

29. Stability of individual LPS-induced ex vivo cytokine release in a whole blood assay over a five-year interval

Author: LS IRAS VPH VV (veterinaire volksgezh.), One Health Chemisch, One Health Microbieel, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, dIRAS RA-2, Dep IRAS, Sub Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical biol., Spierenburg, E A J, Portengen, L, Smit, L A M, Krop, E J M, Hylkema, M N, Rijkers, G T, Heederik, D, Wouters, I M, LS IRAS VPH VV (veterinaire volksgezh.), One Health Chemisch, One Health Microbieel, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, dIRAS RA-2, Dep IRAS, Sub Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical biol., Spierenburg, E A J, Portengen, L, Smit, L A M, Krop, E J M, Hylkema, M N, Rijkers, G T, Heederik, D, and Wouters, I M
Published: 2018

30. Longitudinal associations between risk appraisal of base stations for mobile phones, radio or television and non-specific symptoms

Author: One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), Martens, Astrid L, Slottje, Pauline, Smid, Tjabe, Kromhout, Hans, Vermeulen, Roel C H, Timmermans, Danielle R M, One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), Martens, Astrid L, Slottje, Pauline, Smid, Tjabe, Kromhout, Hans, Vermeulen, Roel C H, and Timmermans, Danielle R M
Published: 2018

31. Cancer incidence in the Western Australian mining industry (1996-2013)

Author: LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), dIRAS RA-2, Sodhi-Berry, Nita, Reid, Alison, Fritschi, Lin, Musk, Aw Bill, Vermeulen, Roel, de Klerk, Nicholas, Peters, Susan, LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), dIRAS RA-2, Sodhi-Berry, Nita, Reid, Alison, Fritschi, Lin, Musk, Aw Bill, Vermeulen, Roel, de Klerk, Nicholas, and Peters, Susan
Published: 2017

32. Musculoskeletal complaints while growing up from age 11 to age 14: the PIAMA birth cohort study

Author: Dep IRAS, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), dIRAS RA-2, Picavet, H Susan J, Berentzen, Nina, Scheuer, Ninotsjka, Ostelo, Raymond W J G, Brunekreef, Bert, Smit, Henriette A, Wijga, Alet, Dep IRAS, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), dIRAS RA-2, Picavet, H Susan J, Berentzen, Nina, Scheuer, Ninotsjka, Ostelo, Raymond W J G, Brunekreef, Bert, Smit, Henriette A, and Wijga, Alet
Published: 2016

33. The Relationship Between Shift Work and Metabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies

Author: LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), dIRAS RA-I&I RA, dIRAS RA-2, Proper, Karin I, van de Langenberg, Daniëlla, Rodenburg, Wendy, Vermeulen, Roel C H, van der Beek, Allard J, van Steeg, Harry, van Kerkhof, Linda W M, LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), dIRAS RA-I&I RA, dIRAS RA-2, Proper, Karin I, van de Langenberg, Daniëlla, Rodenburg, Wendy, Vermeulen, Roel C H, van der Beek, Allard J, van Steeg, Harry, and van Kerkhof, Linda W M
Published: 2016

34. Somatic symptom reports in the general population: Application of a bi-factor model to the analysis of change

Author: dIRAS RA-I&I RA, dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), Risk Assessment, Infection & Immunity, Porsius, Jarry T, Martens, Astrid L, Slottje, Pauline, Claassen, Liesbeth, Korevaar, Joke C, Timmermans, Danielle R M, Vermeulen, Roel, Smid, Tjabe, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), Risk Assessment, Infection & Immunity, Porsius, Jarry T, Martens, Astrid L, Slottje, Pauline, Claassen, Liesbeth, Korevaar, Joke C, Timmermans, Danielle R M, Vermeulen, Roel, and Smid, Tjabe
Published: 2015

35. A comparison of fluctuations of Campylobacter and Escherichia coli concentrations on broiler chicken carcasses during processing in two slaughterhouses

Author: Infection & Immunity, Risk Assessment, dIRAS RA-2, dI&I RA-I&I I&I, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, dI&I I&I-1, LS IRAS VPH VV (veterinaire volksgezh.), LS Klinisch Onderzoek Wagenaar, LS IRAS VPH MBR (microbiol.risico sch.), Pacholewicz, Ewa, Swart, Arno, Schipper, Maarten, Gortemaker, Betty G M, Wagenaar, Jaap A, Havelaar, Arie H, Lipman, Len J A, Infection & Immunity, Risk Assessment, dIRAS RA-2, dI&I RA-I&I I&I, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, dI&I I&I-1, LS IRAS VPH VV (veterinaire volksgezh.), LS Klinisch Onderzoek Wagenaar, LS IRAS VPH MBR (microbiol.risico sch.), Pacholewicz, Ewa, Swart, Arno, Schipper, Maarten, Gortemaker, Betty G M, Wagenaar, Jaap A, Havelaar, Arie H, and Lipman, Len J A
Published: 2015

36. The relationship of modern health worries to non-specific physical symptoms and perceived environmental sensitivity: A study combining self-reported and general practice data

Author: dIRAS RA-2, Risk Assessment, Baliatsas, Christos, van Kamp, Irene, Hooiveld, Mariëtte, Lebret, Erik, Yzermans, Joris, dIRAS RA-2, Risk Assessment, Baliatsas, Christos, van Kamp, Irene, Hooiveld, Mariëtte, Lebret, Erik, and Yzermans, Joris
Published: 2015

37. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Soufiane Boufous, Yousef Veisani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Edward J Mills, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, William James Dangel, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Catherine O. Johnson, Gregory A. Roth, Giuseppe Gorini, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Alberto Ortiz, Samad Azari, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew Gebreslassie, Salime Goharinezhad, Stephanie R. M. Zimsen, Peng Zheng, Michael Assmus, Elisabetta Pupillo, Bach Xuan Tran, Lal B. Rawal, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Noushin Mohammadifard, Stephen S Lim, Ata Rafiee, Maria Inês Schmidt, Vincent C. Iannucci, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Leah E. Cahill, Tauseef Ahmad, Platon D. Lopukhov, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Abdullah Al Mamun, Iqbal R. F. Elyazar, Giovanni Damiani, Mohammad Hossein Bakhshaei, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Alyssa Pennini, Dietrich Plass, Atkilt Esaiyas Etisso, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Alexandrea Watson, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Paul S Briant, Frank B. Osei, Blair R. Bumgarner, Maciej Banach, Ravensara S. Travillian, Kai-Lan Chang, Shirin Djalalinia, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Silvano Gallus, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Bernhard T. Baune, Aaron van Donkelaar, Azeem Majeed, Hans Kromhout, Robert Ancuceanu, Blessing J. Akombi, Pushpendra Singh, Nayu Ikeda, William M. Gardner, Zahid A Butt, Mohammad Abdollahi, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Rahman Shiri, Benn Sartorius, Ai-Min Wu, Bing Fang Hwang, Flavia M. Cicuttini, Hiroyasu Iso, Luis Camera, Amin Soheili, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Iman Halvaei, Saqib Ali, Giulio Castelpietra, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Parkes J Kendrick, Hamidreza Haririan, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Jeff T. Zhao, Samiah Alam, Sorin Hostiuc, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Behzad Karami Matin, Cyrus Alinia, Takahiro Tabuchi, Manu Raj Mathur, Søren Thorgaard Skou, Thomas Khaled Dwayne Classen, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Massimo Cirillo, Nikita Otstavnov, Mehdi Bohluli, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Animut Tagele Tamiru, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Itamar S. Santos, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Lars Johansson, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Nevine El Nahas, Silvia Schiavolin, Kevin D. Shield, Dinh-Toi Chu, Shiva Borzouei, Paul S. F. Yip, Beatrix Haddock, Gianfranco Alicandro, Vasily Vlassov, Deanna Anderlini, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Farahnaz Joukar, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Ratilal Lalloo, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Rohollah Kalhor, Daniel Youngwhan Cho, Weijia Fu, João Pedro Silva, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Mehdi Ahmadi, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, José Neves, Gaorui Guo, Tomas Y. Yeheyis, John S. Ji, Charles D. H. Parry, Maryam Ghadimi, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Serge Resnikoff, Anna E. Torre, Vinod C Nayak, Jamileh Shadid, Susanne Breitner, Mohammad Khammarnia, Mathilde Touvier, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Hosna Janjani, Floriane Ausloos, Irmina Maria Michalek, Alexandra S. Boon-Dooley, Jessica A. Cruz, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Abiodun M. Adeoye, André Faro, Bartosz Miazgowski, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Erin C Mullany, Giannina Ferrara, Martin McKee, Emmanuel Peprah, Oommen John, Reza Saeedi, Yasser Vasseghian, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Yingxi Zhao, Omid Shafaat, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Farid Najafi, Ana Maria Mantilla Herrera, Fatemeh Rajati, Tarun Gupta, Łukasz Szumowski, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Zhi Jiang Zhang, Osayomwanbo Osarenotor, Tanvir M. Huda, Perminder S. Sachdev, Farhad Ghamari, Era Upadhyay, Vivek Kumar, Guoqing Hu, Vinay Nangia, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Saeed Shahabi, Golnaz Heidari, Ashraf Nabhan, Robert C. 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Stokes, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Lidia Morawska, Fiona J Charlson, Babak Moazen, Dejana Braithwaite, Jonathan M. Kocarnik, Sergio I. Prada, Andrea Farioli, Zahra Atafar, Heather Orpana, Daniela Balzi, Marco Vacante, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Jacek A. Kopec, Iván Landires, Robert G. Weintraub, Leonardo Roever, Yannick Béjot, Markus P. Schlaich, Hamed Zandian, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Klara Dokova, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Rakesh Ghosh, Omar Mukhtar Salman, Faris Lami, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Adnan Kisa, Ghasem Azarian, Caroline Stein, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Sinead Langan, Kunihiro Matsushita, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Mehdi Naderi, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Bahram Armoon, Dan J. Stein, Jessica Fanzo, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Luca Ronfani, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Adrian Oţoiu, Arash Sarveazad, Marc L. Serre, Mostafa Hosseini, Nicolas Cherbuin, George D. 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Patten, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Emmanuela Gakidou, Celine M. Barthelemy, Ashish Badiye, George C. Patton, Obinna Onwujekwe, Peter Allebeck, Victor Aboyans, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Mousa Yaminfirooz, Neeraj Bedi, Nicholas L S Roberts, Joht Singh Chandan, Hans W. Hoek, Usman Iqbal, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Haley Lescinsky, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Anders Larsson, David C. Schwebel, Milena Ilic, Richard T. Burnett, Yang Liu, Carlo La Vecchia, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Morteza Naserbakht, Sangram Kishor Patel, Melanie S. Hammer, Prasanna Mithra, Mohammad Amin Bahrami, Kanyin L. Ong, Mona Pathak, Afshin Maleki, Saeid Safiri, Masood Ali Shaikh, Kate Causey, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Jost B. Jonas, Dian Kusuma, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Ali S. Shalash, Abdiwahab Hashi, Ionut Negoi, Nataliya A. Foigt, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, François Alla, Giuseppe Grosso, Houman Goudarzi, Di H. Cross, Vera Marisa Costa, Eduarda Fernandes, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez, Bo Norrving, Kerem Shuval, Jacob L. Stubbs, Muhammad Ali, Shuhei Nomura, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Navid Rabiee, Dana Bryazka, Hussen Mohammed, Asadollah Gholamian, Ashley Marks, Rizwan Kalani, Molly E. Herbert, Islam Y. Elgendy, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Chuanhua Yu, Suzanne Polinder, Pascual R. Valdez, Jennifer Rickard, Kylie Ball, Turki Alanzi, Mohsen Bayati, Hamed Mirzaei, Christopher M Odell, Amira Shaheen, Ziad A. Memish, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Michael A. Piradov, Hamed Kalani, Lorenzo Monasta, Christopher S Yilgwan, Desalegn Getnet Demsie, Riaz Uddin, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Vinay Srinivasan, Hamid Ahmadieh, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Raffaele Palladino, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Mika Shigematsu, Stein Emil Vollset, Abbas Sheikhtaheri, Paulo A. 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Postma, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Jalil Jaafari, Walter Mendoza, Mahesh P A, Pallab K. Maulik, Ali H. Mokdad, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Parvaiz A Koul, Foad Abd-Allah, Mihaela Hostiuc, Richard G. Cowden, Ronny Westerman, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Department of Earth Observation Science, UT-I-ITC-ACQUAL, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Tampere University, Tays Research Services, Health Sciences, Murray, C. J. L., Aravkin, A. Y., Zheng, P., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Abdollahi, M., Abdollahpour, I., Abegaz, K. H., Abolhassani, H., Aboyans, V., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Abualhasan, A., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Abushouk, A. I., Adabi, M., Adekanmbi, V., Adeoye, A. M., Adetokunboh, O. O., Adham, D., Advani, S. M., Agarwal, G., Aghamir, S. M. K., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmadi, M., Ahmadieh, H., Ahmed, M. B., Akalu, T. Y., Akinyemi, R. O., Akinyemiju, T., Akombi, B., Akunna, C. J., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, S., Alam, T., Alanezi, F. M., Alanzi, T. M., Alemu, B. W., Alhabib, K. F., Ali, M., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S. M., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Alonso, J., Altirkawi, K. A., Amini-Rarani, M., Amiri, F., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Anderson, J. A., Andrei, C. L., Andrei, T., Angus, C., Anjomshoa, M., Ansari, F., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonazzo, I. C., Antonio, C. A. T., Antony, C. M., Antriyandarti, E., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Ariani, F., Armoon, B., Arnlov, J., Arzani, A., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A. A., Ashbaugh, C., Assmus, M., Atafar, Z., Atnafu, D. D., Atout, M. M. W., Ausloos, F., Ausloos, M., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M. A., Azari, S., Azarian, G., Azene, Z. N., Badawi, A., Badiye, A. D., Bahrami, M. A., Bakhshaei, M. H., Bakhtiari, A., Bakkannavar, S. M., Baldasseroni, A., Ball, K., Ballew, S. H., Balzi, D., Banach, M., Banerjee, S. K., Bante, A. B., Baraki, A. G., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnighausen, T. W., Barrero, L. H., Barthelemy, C. M., Barua, L., Basu, S., Baune, B. T., Bayati, M., Becker, J. S., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Bejot, Y., Bell, M. L., Bennitt, F. B., Bensenor, I. M., Berhe, K., Berman, A. E., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhageerathy, R., Bhala, N., Bhandari, D., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z. A., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Bin Sayeed, M. S., Biondi, A., Birihane, B. M., Bisignano, C., Biswas, R. K., Bitew, H., Bohlouli, S., Bohluli, M., Boon-Dooley, A. S., Borges, G., Borzi, A. M., Borzouei, S., Bosetti, C., Boufous, S., Braithwaite, D., Breitborde, N. J. K., Breitner, S., Brenner, H., Briant, P. S., Briko, A. N., Briko, N. I., Britton, G. B., Bryazka, D., Bumgarner, B. R., Burkart, K., Burnett, R. T., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Butt, Z. A., Caetano dos Santos, F. L., Cahill, L. E., Camera, L. L. A., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Cardenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Castro, F., Causey, K., Cederroth, C. R., Cercy, K. M., Cerin, E., Chandan, J. S., Chang, K. -L., Charlson, F. J., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, S., Cherbuin, N., Chimed-Ochir, O., Cho, D. Y., Choi, J. -Y. J., Christensen, H., Chu, D. -T., Chung, M. T., Chung, S. -C., Cicuttini, F. M., Ciobanu, L. G., Cirillo, M., Classen, T. K. D., Cohen, A. J., Compton, K., Cooper, O. R., Costa, V. M., Cousin, E., Cowden, R. G., Cross, D. H., Cruz, J. A., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Damasceno, A. A. M., Damiani, G., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Dangel, W. J., Danielsson, A. -K., Dargan, P. I., Darwesh, A. M., Daryani, A., Das, J. K., Das Gupta, R., das Neves, J., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., Davitoiu, D. V., De Leo, D., Degenhardt, L., Delang, M., Dellavalle, R. P., Demeke, F. M., Demoz, G. T., Demsie, D. G., Denova-Gutierrez, E., Dervenis, N., Dhungana, G. P., Dianatinasab, M., Dias da Silva, D., Diaz, D., Dibaji Forooshani, Z. S., Djalalinia, S., Do, H. T., Dokova, K., Dorostkar, F., Doshmangir, L., Driscoll, T. R., Duncan, B. B., Duraes, A. R., Eagan, A. W., Edvardsson, D., El Nahas, N., El Sayed, I., El Tantawi, M., Elbarazi, I., Elgendy, I. Y., El-Jaafary, S. I., Elyazar, I. R., Emmons-Bell, S., Erskine, H. E., Eskandarieh, S., Esmaeilnejad, S., Esteghamati, A., Estep, K., Etemadi, A., Etisso, A. E., Fanzo, J., Farahmand, M., Fareed, M., Faridnia, R., Farioli, A., Faro, A., Faruque, M., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Fazlzadeh, M., Feigin, V. L., Feldman, R., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, G., Ferrari, A. J., Ferreira, M. L., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Flor, L. S., Foigt, N. A., Folayan, M. O., Fomenkov, A. A., Force, L. M., Foroutan, M., Franklin, R. C., Freitas, M., Fu, W., Fukumoto, T., Furtado, J. M., Gad, M. M., Gakidou, E., Gallus, S., Garcia-Basteiro, A. L., Gardner, W. M., Geberemariyam, B. S., Gebreslassie, A. A. A. A., Geremew, A., Gershberg Hayoon, A., Gething, P. W., Ghadimi, M., Ghadiri, K., Ghaffarifar, F., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Ghashghaee, A., Ghiasvand, H., Ghith, N., Gholamian, A., Ghosh, R., Gill, P. S., Ginindza, T. G. G., Giussani, G., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Goharinezhad, S., Gopalani, S. V., Gorini, G., Goudarzi, H., Goulart, A. C., Greaves, F., Grivna, M., Grosso, G., Gubari, M. I. M., Gugnani, H. C., Guimaraes, R. A., Guled, R. A., Guo, G., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Gupta, T., Haddock, B., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Hafiz, A., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hall, B. J., Halvaei, I., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Hammer, M. S., Hankey, G. J., Haririan, H., Haro, J. M., Hasaballah, A. I., Hasan, M. M., Hasanpoor, E., Hashi, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Havmoeller, R. J., Hay, S. I., Hayat, K., Heidari, G., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Henrikson, H. J., Herbert, M. E., Herteliu, C., Heydarpour, F., Hird, T. R., Hoek, H. W., Holla, R., Hoogar, P., Hosgood, H. D., Hossain, N., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hsairi, M., Hsieh, V. C. -R., Hu, G., Hu, K., Huda, T. M., Humayun, A., Huynh, C. K., Hwang, B. -F., Iannucci, V. C., Ibitoye, S. E., Ikeda, N., Ikuta, K. S., Ilesanmi, O. S., Ilic, I. M., Ilic, M. D., Inbaraj, L. R., Ippolito, H., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S. S. N., Irvine, C. M. S., Islam, M. M., Islam, S. M. S., Iso, H., Ivers, R. Q., Iwu, C. C. D., Iwu, C. J., Iyamu, I. O., Jaafari, J., Jacobsen, K. H., Jafari, H., Jafarinia, M., Jahani, M. A., Jakovljevic, M., Jalilian, F., James, S. L., Janjani, H., Javaheri, T., Javidnia, J., Jeemon, P., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Jha, V., Ji, J. S., Johansson, L., John, O., John-Akinola, Y. O., Johnson, C. O., Jonas, J. B., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., Jurisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kalani, H., Kalani, R., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami Matin, B., Karch, A., Karim, M. A., Kassa, G. M., Katikireddi, S. V., Kayode, G. A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Keiyoro, P. N., Keller, C., Kemmer, L., Kendrick, P. J., Khalid, N., Khammarnia, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, M., Khatab, K., Khater, M. M., Khatib, M. N., Khayamzadeh, M., Khazaei, S., Kieling, C., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kivimaki, M., Knibbs, L. D., Knudsen, A. K. S., Kocarnik, J. M., Kochhar, S., Kopec, J. A., Korshunov, V. A., Koul, P. A., Koyanagi, A., Kraemer, M. U. G., Krishan, K., Krohn, K. J., Kromhout, H., Kuate Defo, B., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, V., Kurmi, O. P., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lal, D. K., Lalloo, R., Lallukka, T., Lami, F. H., Landires, I., Lang, J. J., Langan, S. M., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lauriola, P., Lazarus, J. V., Lee, P. H., Lee, S. W. H., Legrand, K. E., Leigh, J., Leonardi, M., Lescinsky, H., Leung, J., Levi, M., Li, S., Lim, L. -L., Linn, S., Liu, S., Liu, Y., Lo, J., Lopez, A. D., Lopez, J. C. F., Lopukhov, P. D., Lorkowski, S., Lotufo, P. A., Lu, A., Lugo, A., Maddison, E. R., Mahasha, P. W., Mahdavi, M. M., Mahmoudi, M., Majeed, A., Maleki, A., Maleki, S., Malekzadeh, R., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Manda, A. L., Manguerra, H., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M. A., Mantilla Herrera, A. M., Maravilla, J. C., Marks, A., Martin, R. V., Martini, S., Martins-Melo, F. R., Masaka, A., Masoumi, S. Z., Mathur, M. R., Matsushita, K., Maulik, P. K., Mcalinden, C., Mcgrath, J. J., Mckee, M., Mehndiratta, M. M., Mehri, F., Mehta, K. M., Memish, Z. A., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, E. W., Mereke, A., Mereta, S. T., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T. J., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I. M., Miller, T. R., Mills, E. J., Mini, G. K., Miri, M., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, M., Mirzaei, R., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Misganaw, A. T., Mithra, P., Moazen, B., Mohammad, D. K., Mohammad, Y., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadifard, N., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, A. S., Mohammed, H., Mohammed, J. A., Mohammed, S., Mokdad, A. H., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Mooney, M. D., Moradi, G., Moradi, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morawska, L., Morgado-da-Costa, J., Morrison, S. D., Mosapour, A., Mosser, J. F., Mouodi, S., Mousavi, S. M., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Mueller, U. O., Mukhopadhyay, S., Mullany, E. C., Musa, K. I., Muthupandian, S., Nabhan, A. F., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Nagel, G., Naghavi, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Naimzada, M. D., Najafi, F., Nangia, V., Nansseu, J. R., Naserbakht, M., Nayak, V. C., Negoi, I., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nguyen, M., Nigatu, Y. T., Nikbakhsh, R., Nixon, M. R., Nnaji, C. A., Nomura, S., Norrving, B., Noubiap, J. 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A., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Rajati, F., Rakovac, I., Ram, P., Ramezanzadeh, K., Ranabhat, C. L., Rao, P. C., Rao, S. J., Rashedi, V., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Rawat, R., Razo, C., Redford, S. B., Reiner, R. C., Reitsma, M. B., Remuzzi, G., Renjith, V., Renzaho, A. M. N., Resnikoff, S., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Rhinehart, P. -A., Riahi, S. M., Ribeiro, D. C., Ribeiro, D., Rickard, J., Rivera, J. A., Roberts, N. L. S., Rodriguez-Ramirez, S., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Room, R., Roshandel, G., Roth, G. A., Rothenbacher, D., Rubagotti, E., Rwegerera, G. M., Sabour, S., Sachdev, P. S., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, E., Sadeghi, M., Saeedi, R., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Safari, Y., Safi, S., Safiri, S., Sagar, R., Sahebkar, A., Sajadi, S. M., Salam, N., Salamati, P., Salem, H., Salem, M. R. R., Salimzadeh, H., Salman, O. M., Salomon, J. A., Samad, Z., Samadi Kafil, H., Sambala, E. Z., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Sanchez-Pimienta, T. G., Santomauro, D. F., Santos, I. 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N., Spotin, A., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Srinivasan, V., Stanaway, J. D., Stein, C., Stein, D. J., Steiner, C., Stockfelt, L., Stokes, M. A., Straif, K., Stubbs, J. L., Sufiyan, M. B., Suleria, H. A. R., Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R., Sulo, G., Sultan, I., Szumowski, Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Tabb, K. M., Tabuchi, T., Taherkhani, A., Tajdini, M., Takahashi, K., Takala, J. S., Tamiru, A. T., Taveira, N., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Temsah, M. -H., Tesema, G. A., Tessema, Z. T., Thurston, G. D., Titova, M. V., Tohidinik, H. R., Tonelli, M., Topor-Madry, R., Topouzis, F., Torre, A. E., Touvier, M., Tovani-Palone, M. R. R., Tran, B. X., Travillian, R., Tsatsakis, A., Tudor Car, L., Tyrovolas, S., Uddin, R., Umeokonkwo, C. D., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Vacante, M., Valdez, P. R., van Donkelaar, A., Vasankari, T. J., Vasseghian, Y., Veisani, Y., Venketasubramanian, N., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vollset, S. E., Vos, T., Vukovic, R., Waheed, Y., Wallin, M. 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S., Lacey, B, Sartorius, B, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abegaz, K, Abolhassani, H, Aboyans, V, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Raddad, L, Abushouk, A, Adabi, M, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, A, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Advani, S, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Aghamir, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, M, Akalu, T, Akinyemi, R, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Akunna, C, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, S, Alam, T, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Alemu, B, Alhabib, K, Ali, M, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Alonso, J, Altirkawi, K, Amini-Rarani, M, Amiri, F, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, J, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Angus, C, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonazzo, I, Antonio, C, Antony, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aravkin, A, Ariani, F, Armoon, B, Arnlov, J, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Ashbaugh, C, Assmus, M, Atafar, Z, Atnafu, D, Atout, M, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Azene, Z, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Bahrami, M, Bakhshaei, M, Bakhtiari, A, Bakkannavar, S, Baldasseroni, A, Ball, K, Ballew, S, Balzi, D, Banach, M, Banerjee, S, Bante, A, Baraki, A, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Barrero, L, Barthelemy, C, Barua, L, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Becker, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bejot, Y, Bell, M, Bennitt, F, Bensenor, I, Berhe, K, Berman, A, Bhagavathula, A, Bhageerathy, R, Bhala, N, Bhandari, D, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bin Sayeed, M, Biondi, A, Birihane, B, Bisignano, C, Biswas, R, Bitew, H, Bohlouli, S, Bohluli, M, Boon-Dooley, A, Borges, G, Borzi, A, Borzouei, S, Bosetti, C, Boufous, S, Braithwaite, D, Brauer, M, Breitborde, N, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Briant, P, Briko, A, Briko, N, Britton, G, Bryazka, D, Bumgarner, B, Burkart, K, Burnett, R, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Butt, Z, Caetano Dos Santos, F, Cahill, L, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Castro, F, Causey, K, Cederroth, C, Cercy, K, Cerin, E, Chandan, J, Chang, K, Charlson, F, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, S, Cherbuin, N, Chimed-Ochir, O, Cho, D, Choi, J, Christensen, H, Chu, D, Chung, M, Chung, S, Cicuttini, F, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Classen, T, Cohen, A, Compton, K, Cooper, O, Costa, V, Cousin, E, Cowden, R, Cross, D, Cruz, J, Dahlawi, S, Damasceno, A, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dangel, W, Danielsson, A, Dargan, P, Darwesh, A, Daryani, A, Das, J, Das Gupta, R, das Neves, J, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davitoiu, D, De Leo, D, Degenhardt, L, Delang, M, Dellavalle, R, Demeke, F, Demoz, G, Demsie, D, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dervenis, N, Dhungana, G, Dianatinasab, M, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Dokova, K, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Driscoll, T, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Eagan, A, Edvardsson, D, El Nahas, N, El Sayed, I, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elgendy, I, El-Jaafary, S, Elyazar, I, Emmons-Bell, S, Erskine, H, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Etemadi, A, Etisso, A, Fanzo, J, Farahmand, M, Fareed, M, Faridnia, R, Farioli, A, Faro, A, Faruque, M, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, V, Feldman, R, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, G, Ferrari, A, Ferreira, M, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Flor, L, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Force, L, Foroutan, M, Franklin, R, Freitas, M, Fu, W, Fukumoto, T, Furtado, J, Gad, M, Gakidou, E, Gallus, S, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Gardner, W, Geberemariyam, B, Ayalew Gebreslassie, A, Geremew, A, Gershberg Hayoon, A, Gething, P, Ghadimi, M, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffarifar, F, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Ghiasvand, H, Ghith, N, Gholamian, A, Ghosh, R, Gill, P, Ginindza, T, Giussani, G, Gnedovskaya, E, Goharinezhad, S, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, A, Greaves, F, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Gubari, M, Gugnani, H, Guimaraes, R, Guled, R, Guo, G, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Haddock, B, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hafiz, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, B, Halvaei, I, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Hammer, M, Hankey, G, Haririan, H, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, M, Hasanpoor, E, Hashi, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Henrikson, H, Herbert, M, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Hird, T, Hoek, H, Holla, R, Hoogar, P, Hosgood, H, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Hsieh, V, Hu, G, Hu, K, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Huynh, C, Hwang, B, Iannucci, V, Ibitoye, S, Ikeda, N, Ikuta, K, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inbaraj, L, Ippolito, H, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Irvine, C, Islam, M, Islam, S, Iso, H, Ivers, R, Iwu, C, Iyamu, I, Jaafari, J, Jacobsen, K, Jafari, H, Jafarinia, M, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilian, F, James, S, Janjani, H, Javaheri, T, Javidnia, J, Jeemon, P, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jha, V, Ji, J, Johansson, L, John, O, John-Akinola, Y, Johnson, C, Jonas, J, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalani, H, Kalani, R, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Matin, B, Karch, A, Karim, M, Kassa, G, Katikireddi, S, Kayode, G, Kazemi Karyani, A, Keiyoro, P, Keller, C, Kemmer, L, Kendrick, P, Khalid, N, Khammarnia, M, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaei, S, Kieling, C, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Knibbs, L, Knudsen, A, Kocarnik, J, Kochhar, S, Kopec, J, Korshunov, V, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kraemer, M, Krishan, K, Krohn, K, Kromhout, H, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, V, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lami, F, Landires, I, Lang, J, Langan, S, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lazarus, J, Lee, P, Lee, S, Legrand, K, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Lescinsky, H, Leung, J, Levi, M, Li, S, Lim, L, Linn, S, Liu, S, Liu, Y, Lo, J, Lopez, A, Lopez, J, Lopukhov, P, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lu, A, Lugo, A, Maddison, E, Mahasha, P, Mahdavi, M, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Maleki, S, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Manda, A, Manguerra, H, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Mantilla Herrera, A, Maravilla, J, Marks, A, Martin, R, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, F, Masaka, A, Masoumi, S, Mathur, M, Matsushita, K, Maulik, P, Mcalinden, C, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mehndiratta, M, Mehri, F, Mehta, K, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Mereke, A, Mereta, S, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mills, E, Mini, G, Miri, M, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei, R, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Misganaw, A, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Mohammad, D, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, H, Mohammed, J, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Mooney, M, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Morgado-Da-Costa, J, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mosser, J, Mouodi, S, Mousavi, S, Khaneghah, A, Mueller, U, Mukhopadhyay, S, Mullany, E, Musa, K, Muthupandian, S, Nabhan, A, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Naimzada, M, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Nansseu, J, Naserbakht, M, Nayak, V, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, M, Nigatu, Y, Nikbakhsh, R, Nixon, M, Nnaji, C, Nomura, S, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Odell, C, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Okunga, E, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Omer, M, Ong, K, Onwujekwe, O, Orpana, H, Ortiz, A, Osarenotor, O, Osei, F, Ostroff, S, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Overland, S, Owolabi, M, Mahesh, P, Padubidri, J, Palladino, R, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Parry, C, Pasovic, M, Pasupula, D, Patel, S, Pathak, M, Patten, S, Patton, G, Toroudi, H, Peden, A, Pennini, A, Pepito, V, Peprah, E, Pereira, D, Pesudovs, K, Pham, H, Phillips, M, Piccinelli, C, Pilz, T, Piradov, M, Pirsaheb, M, Plass, D, Polinder, S, Polkinghorne, K, Pond, C, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Poznanska, A, Prada, S, Prakash, V, Pribadi, D, Pupillo, E, Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raggi, A, Rahman, M, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rajati, F, Rakovac, I, Ram, P, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, C, Rao, P, Rao, S, Rashedi, V, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Rawat, R, Razo, C, Redford, S, Reiner, R, Reitsma, M, Remuzzi, G, Renjith, V, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Rhinehart, P, Riahi, S, Ribeiro, D, Rickard, J, Rivera, J, Roberts, N, Rodriguez-Ramirez, S, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Room, R, Roshandel, G, Roth, G, Rothenbacher, D, Rubagotti, E, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Sachdev, P, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghi, M, Saeedi, R, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Safari, Y, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sajadi, S, Salam, N, Salamati, P, Salem, H, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Salman, O, Salomon, J, Samad, Z, Samadi Kafil, H, Sambala, E, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanchez-Pimienta, T, Santomauro, D, Santos, I, Santos, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saraswathy, S, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, S, Schaeffer, L, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, M, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Senbeta, A, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Serdar, B, Serre, M, Shadid, J, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shalash, A, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhtaheri, A, Shibuya, K, Shield, K, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shin, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sierpinski, R, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, J, Simpson, K, Singh, J, Singh, P, Skiadaresi, E, Skou, S, Skryabin, V, Smith, E, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Soofi, M, Sorensen, R, Soriano, J, Sorrie, M, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, I, Spencer, C, Spotin, A, Sreeramareddy, C, Srinivasan, V, Stanaway, J, Stein, C, Stein, D, Steiner, C, Stockfelt, L, Stokes, M, Straif, K, Stubbs, J, Sufiyan, M, Suleria, H, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Sulo, G, Sultan, I, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabb, K, Tabuchi, T, Taherkhani, A, Tajdini, M, Takahashi, K, Takala, J, Tamiru, A, Taveira, N, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Tesema, G, Tessema, Z, Thurston, G, Titova, M, Tohidinik, H, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Topouzis, F, Torre, A, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Travillian, R, Tsatsakis, A, Tudor Car, L, Tyrovolas, S, Uddin, R, Umeokonkwo, C, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Valdez, P, van Donkelaar, A, Vasankari, T, Vasseghian, Y, Veisani, Y, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vollset, S, Vos, T, Vukovic, R, Waheed, Y, Wallin, M, Wang, Y, Watson, A, Wei, J, Wei, M, Weintraub, R, Weiss, J, Werdecker, A, West, J, Westerman, R, Whisnant, J, Whiteford, H, Wiens, K, Wolfe, C, Wozniak, S, Wu, A, Wu, J, Wulf Hanson, S, Xu, G, Xu, R, Yadgir, S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yaminfirooz, M, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeheyis, T, Yilgwan, C, Yilma, M, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Younker, T, Yousefi, B, Yousefi, Z, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yousuf, A, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, T, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, J, Zhao, X, Zhao, Y, Zheng, P, Zhou, M, Ziapour, A, Zimsen, S, Lim, S, Murray, C, GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborator, Violante FS, Biosciences, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Department of Neurosciences, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Environmental Sciences, Sub Foundations&PhilosophyofNaturSc begr, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Public Health, Bin Sayeed, M. S. B., Caetano Dos Santos, F. L., Camera, L. A., Elyazar, I. R. F., Ayalew Gebreslassie, A. A. A., Ginindza, T. G., Matin, B. K., Morgado-Da-Costa, J., Khaneghah, A. M., Mahesh, P. A., Toroudi, H. P., Syed, Z. Q., Salem, M. R., Skou, S. T., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Tudor Car, L. T., and Moghadam, T. Z.
Subjects: Male, Nutritional Sciences, Specific risk, Contaminación del Aire Interior, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Socioeconomic Factor, systematic analysis, Global Health, Body Mass Index, Global Burden of Disease, Health Risk Behavior, Health Risk Behaviors, Disease studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, METABOLIC RISKS, 030212 general & internal medicine, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Factores de Riesgo, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Public health, Injuries, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, GBD, risck factors, attributable burden of disease, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, Relative risk, Environmental health, Health, Hypertension, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, Female, Leading risk factors, Global Health Metrics, Cohort study, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Substance-Related Disorders, Population, UNITED-STATES, Risk Assessment, DIET, ITC-HYBRID, 03 medical and health sciences, Life Expectancy, MORTALITY, DISABILITY, POLLUTION, CLUSTERS, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, Risk factor, education, Global burden, business.industry, Risk Factor, Malnutrition, Klinisk medicin, Global Burden of Diseases, Environmental Exposure, medicine.disease, Enfermedades, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Years of potential life lost, Socioeconomic Factors, Risk factors, Disease study, Hyperglycemia, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, NA, Clinical Medicine, business, RA
Abstract: Background Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk-outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk-outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk-outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10.8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9.51-12.1) deaths (19.2% [16.9-21.3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8.71 million (8.12-9.31) deaths (15.4% [14.6-16.2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253-350) DALYs (11.6% [10.3-13.1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0-9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10-24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25-49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50-74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2020

38. Temporal variation of pesticide mixtures in rivers of three agricultural watersheds during a major drought in the Western Cape, South Africa

Author: Lou Curchod, Christelle Oltramare, Marion Junghans, Christian Stamm, Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie, Martin Röösli, Samuel Fuhrimann, One Health Chemisch, and dIRAS RA-2
Subjects: sustainable development goal 6, Full Paper, Drought, surface water, Surface water, drought, lcsh:TD1-1066, Pesticide, climate change, passive water sampling, Climate change, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, Passive water sampling, Sustainable development goal 6, pesticide
Abstract: South Africa is the leading pesticide user in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the occurrence of pesticide mixtures in surface water and potential environmental risks in Africa. This study investigated the occurrence of pesticides mixtures in three watersheds during a drought year in South Africa. The study was conducted in the Krom River, Berg River and Hex River watersheds within larger agriculture systems in the Western Cape. Pesticide spray records were collected from 38 farms. A total of 21 passive water samplers (styrenedivinylbenzene disks (SDB)) were deployed, each for two weeks per month, over seven sampling rounds during the main pesticide application period between July 2017 and January 2018. Samples were analyzed for 248 pesticide compounds using LC-HR-MS/MS. Pesticide occurrence was analyzed for temporal agreement with pesticide spraying events (Cohen’s κ) and correlation with rainfall patterns and river discharge (Pearson correlation (rp)). Pesticide time-weighted average concentrations were estimated and compared to environmental quality standards (EQS). According to the farm spray records, 96 different pesticides were sprayed during the sampling period and differed considerably between the three study areas, seasons and crops grown. In total, 53 compounds were detected in river water. We detected 39% of compounds from the spraying records and demonstrated close temporal correlations of seasonal patterns for 11 pesticide compounds between reported on spraying records and observations in the streams (κ = 0.90). However, 23 detected pesticides were not found on spray records, many of them being herbicides. Most of the estimated two-week average pesticide concentrations were below 40 ng/L. The insecticides imidacloprid, thiacloprid, chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid and the herbicide terbuthylazine exceeded at least once their EQS 58-fold (EQS 13 ng/L), 12-fold (EQS 10 ng/L), 9-fold (EQS 0.46 ng/L), 5-fold (EQS 24 ng/L) and 3-fold (EQS 220 ng/L), respectively. Our study substantially widens the view on pesticide pollution in surface water compared to previous studies in Sub-Saharan Africa by targeting more than 200 pesticides using passive sampling systems. This broad assessment revealed the presence of 53 compounds, some of them in high concentrations, indicating possible adverse effects on biota and the quality of the ecosystem. Whether the observed concentration levels in the year 2017 were exceptional due to the lowest ever recorded rainfall and river discharge needs to be tested with additional data to better understand how pesticide pollution levels manifest under average rainfall and river discharge conditions., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • More than 200 pesticides were monitored by passive sampling in South African rivers. • 53 compounds detected above limits of quantification. • Farm spray records reveal seasonal applications but do not fully account for herbicides. • Temporal coincidence of applications and occurrence in streams suggest fast transport. • Specific neonicotinoids, triazins and organophosphates exceeded environmental quality standards.
Published: 2020

39. Association between physical activity and risk of hepatobiliary cancers: A multinational cohort study

Author: Christina Bamia, Krasimira Aleksandrova, Bodil Ohlsson, Heiner Boeing, Eva Ardanaz, Elio Riboli, Antonia Trichopoulou, Carlo La Vecchia, Tilman Kühn, Pietro Ferrari, Francesca Fasanelli, Elisabete Weiderpass, Oskar Hemmingsson, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Franck Carbonnel, Heather Ward, Roel Vermeulen, Anne M. May, Mazda Jenab, Sebastian E. Baumeister, Michael F. Leitzmann, Heinz Freisling, María Dolores López, Sara Grioni, Kim Overvad, Carmen Jochem, Sunday Oluwafemi Oyeyemi, Kristin Benjaminsen Borch, Bas Bueno de Mesquita, Giovanna Masala, Mireia Felez-Nobrega, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Salvatore Panico, Tobias Pischon, Anne Tjønneland, Magdalena Stepien, Sabrina Schlesinger, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Agnès Fournier, Rosario Tumino, Mårten Werner, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Rudolf Kaaks, Marc J. Gunter, Emily Sonestedt, One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, Imperial College Trust, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medicum, and University of Helsinki
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Male, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Disease, DISEASE, 0302 clinical medicine, HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA, Epidemiology, Prospective Studies, 2. Zero hunger, Diabetis, Liver Neoplasms, Diabetes, Middle Aged, Hepatobiliary cancer, 3. Good health, Obesitat, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Risk assessment, BURDEN, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Liver cancer, Cohort study, Adult, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, 3122 Cancers, QUESTIONNAIRE, Càncer de fetge, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Journal Article, Humans, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700, Obesity, VALIDITY, Exercise, Aged, Science & Technology, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatology, business.industry, Physical activity, MORTALITY, 1103 Clinical Sciences, medicine.disease, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700, 030104 developmental biology, Bile Duct Neoplasms, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, business, Body mass index
Abstract: Accepted manuscript version, licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Background & Aims - To date, evidence on the association between physical activity and risk of hepatobiliary cancers has been inconclusive. We examined this association in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (EPIC). Methods - We identified 275 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases, 93 intrahepatic bile duct cancers (IHBCs), and 164 non-gallbladder extrahepatic bile duct cancers (NGBCs) among 467,336 EPIC participants (median follow-up 14.9 years). We estimated cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) for total physical activity and vigorous physical activity and performed mediation analysis and secondary analyses to assess robustness to confounding (e.g. due to hepatitis virus infection). Results - In the EPIC cohort, the multivariable-adjusted HR of HCC was 0.55 (95% CI 0.38–0.80) comparing active and inactive individuals. Regarding vigorous physical activity, for those reporting >2 hours/week compared to those with no vigorous activity, the HR for HCC was 0.50 (95% CI 0.33–0.76). Estimates were similar in sensitivity analyses for confounding. Total and vigorous physical activity were unrelated to IHBC and NGBC. In mediation analysis, waist circumference explained about 40% and body mass index 30% of the overall association of total physical activity and HCC. Conclusions - These findings suggest an inverse association between physical activity and risk of HCC, which is potentially mediated by obesity. Lay summary - In a pan-European study of 467,336 men and women, we found that physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of developing liver cancers over the next decade. This risk was independent of other liver cancer risk factors, and did not vary by age, gender, smoking status, body weight, and alcohol consumption.
Published: 2018

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