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Coral reefs are experiencing accelerated degradation due to global and local stressors. The understanding of how corals cope with these disturbances is urgent. We focused on elucidating antioxidant capacity responses of the Mussismilia harttii and Siderastrea sp. corals, in reefs with use management in a marine protected area. We tested whether the activity of antioxidant enzymes in healthy colonies is higher at multiple-use reefs than at no-take reef, and whether the activity of antioxidant enzymes is higher for bleached than for healthy Siderastrea sp. colonies. Lipid peroxidation and enzymatic activity found in bleached colonies evidence chronic stress and cellular damage not related to thermal anomalies. Chronic stress in healthy colonies was also found but responses differed among species, being higher at multiple use reefs, mainly for Siderastrea sp. We highlight the role of the local conservation actions in the integrity of coral physiology and reef resilience under global climate changes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Taciana Kramer de Oliveira Pinto reports equipment, drugs, or supplies and travel were provided by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. Taciana Kramer de Oliveira Pinto reports equipment, drugs, or supplies and travel were provided by Coordination of Higher Education Personnel Improvement. Taciana Kramer de Oliveira Pinto reports equipment, drugs, or supplies and travel were provided by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Metabolomics is an innovative approach used in the medical, toxicological, and biological sciences. As an interdisciplinary topic, metabolomics and its relation with the environment and toxicological research are extensive. The use of substances, such as drugs and pesticides, contributes to the continuous releasing of xenobiotics into the environment, harming organisms and their habitats. In this context, fish are important bioindicators of the environmental condition and have often been used as model species. Among them, zebrafish (Danio rerio) presents itself as a versatile and straightforward option due to its unique attributes for research. Zebrafish proves to be a valuable model for toxicity assays and also for metabolomics profiling by analytical tools. Thus, NMR-based metabolomics associated with statistical analysis can reasonably assist researchers in critical factors related to discovering and validating biomarkers through accurate diagnosis. Therefore, this review aimed to report the studies that applied zebrafish as a model for (eco)toxicological assays and essentially utilized NMR-based metabolomics analysis to assess the biochemical profile and thus suggest the potential biological marker., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)