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Introduction: Aggressive parenteral nutrition with delivery of high amino acid and energy doses is used to improve growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants. Recent findings, however, suggest that this approach may cause electrolyte imbalances. The aim of our study was to compare the prevalence of hypercalcaemia, hypophosphataemia, and hypokalaemia in 2 groups of preterm infants that received parenteral nutrition with different amounts of amino acids and to analyse perinatal and nutritional variables associated with the development of electrolyte imbalances. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study comparing 2 groups of preterm infants born before 33 weeks’ gestation with birth weights of less than 1500 g managed with parenteral nutrition. One of the groups received less than 3 g/kg/day of amino acids and the other received 3 g/kg//day of amino acids or more. We analysed the prevalence of electrolyte imbalances and possible associations with aggressive parenteral nutrition, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: We studied 114 infants: 60 given less than 3 g/kg/day of amino acids (low-intake group) and 54 given at least 3 g/kg/day (high-intake group). The prevalence of electrolyte imbalances was similar in both groups. The prevalence of hypercalcaemia was 1.67% in the low-intake group and 1.85% in the high-intake group (P > .99), the prevalence of severe hypophosphataemia 11.7% vs 9.3%, and the prevalence of hypokalaemia 15.0% vs 11.1% (P > .99). A calcium to phosphorus ratio greater than 1.05 had a protective effect against hypophosphataemia (P = .007). Conclusions: We did not find an association between hypercalcaemia, hypophosphataemia, and hypokalaemia and the amino acid dose delivered by PN in the high-intake group of preterm infants. Resumen: Introducción: La nutrición parenteral agresiva con aportes energéticos y proteicos altos se utiliza para mejorar el crecimiento y el neurodesarrollo en recién nacidos prematuros de muy bajo peso. No obstante, hallazgos recientes sugieren que su uso puede ocasionar alteraciones electrolíticas. El objetivo del estudio era comparar la prevalencia de hipercalcemia, hipofosfatemia e hipopotasemia en dos grupos de recién nacidos prematuros que recibieron nutrición parenteral con distintos aportes de aminoácidos, y analizar variables perinatales y nutricionales asociadas a la ocurrencia de alteraciones electrolíticas. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional, con comparación de 2 grupos de recién nacidos prematuros con peso < 1500 g y edad gestacional < 33 semanas manejados con nutrición parenteral. Uno de los grupos recibió < 3 g/kg/d de aminoácidos mientras que el otro recibió ≥3 g/kg/d. Se analizó la prevalencia de distintas alteraciones electrolíticas y su asociación con la nutrición parenteral agresiva, con ajustes para posibles factores de confusión. Resultados: El análisis incluyó 114 recién nacidos: 60 que recibieron < 3 g/kg/d de aminoácidos (ingesta baja) y 54 que recibieron ≥ 3 g/kg/d (ingesta alta). La prevalencia de alteraciones electrolíticas fue similar en ambos grupos. La prevalencia de hipercalcemia fue de 1,67% en el grupo de ingesta baja y 1,85% en el grupo de ingesta alta (p > 0,99). Los respectivos valores para las otras alteraciones fueron 11,7% vs. 9,3% en el caso de la hipofosfatemia grave y 15,0% vs. 11,1% en el caso de la hipopotasemia (p > 0,99). Se observó que una relación calcio:fósforo superior a 1,05 ofrecía un efecto protector frente a la hipofosfatemia (p = 0,007). Conclusiones: No se observó asociación entre la hipercalcemia, hipofosfatemia o la hipopotasemia y el aporte de aminoácidos mediante nutrición parenteral en la población de recién nacidos prematuros con ingestas altas de aminoácidos.

Objective: To determine the frequency and magnitude of neonatal hypophosphataemia (32 weeks with weight 32 semanas con peso

Antecedentes: En la práctica clínica habitual la prescripción de análogos de vitamina D (AVD) en la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) se asocia con frecuencia a un descenso de la función renal estimada cuyo origen no es bien conocido. Objetivos: Analizar el efecto de la suspensión de un tratamiento previo con AVD en ERC avanzada, y determinar los factores asociados con los cambios de función renal. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en pacientes adultos incidentes con ERC avanzada. El subgrupo caso estaba siendo tratado con AVD y esta medicación fue suspendida en la primera visita. El subgrupo control no había sido tratado con AVD y fueron elegidos por criterios de coincidencia para datos relevantes relacionados con la progresión de la ERC. La variable de resultado principal fue el cambio de filtrado glomerular, tanto el estimado (FG-MDRD) como el medido (media del aclaramiento de creatinina y urea), con respecto al siguiente control analítico. Parámetros basales relacionados con el metabolismo mineral y la generación de creatinina fueron analizados como determinantes potenciales de los cambios de la función renal. Resultados: Se incluyeron 67 pacientes casos y otros 67 controles. El 67% de los casos mejoró la función renal, mientras que el 72% de los controles empeoró (p

OBJETIVO: Tem sido sugerido que pacientes com constipação sejam triados para doença celíaca. Da mesma forma, recomenda-se a investigação desses pacientes para hipotiroidismo e hipercalcemia. Contudo, nenhuma evidência para essas recomendações está disponível até o momento. Assim, propusemos-nos determinar a prevalência de doença celíaca, hipotiroidismo e hipercalcemia em crianças com constipação. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo com 370 pacientes consecutivos que preencheram os critérios de Roma III para constipação. Esses pacientes foram encaminhados por um clínico geral a um pediatra devido ao fracasso no tratamento com laxantes. RESULTADOS: A biópsia comprovou doença celíaca em sete desses pacientes. Isso é significativamente mais alto (p < 0,001) do que a prevalência de 1:198 de doença celíaca nos Países Baixos. Dois pacientes tinham tiroidite autoimune. Nenhum paciente tinha hipercalcemia. CONCLUSÕES: Conclui-se que a doença celíaca é significativamente super-representada em pacientes com constipação encaminhados por um clínico geral a um pediatra devido ao fracasso no tratamento com laxantes. Todos esses pacientes devem, portanto, ser triados para doença celíaca.

Abordamos algunas de las emergencias oncológicas (complicaciones agudas en el curso evolutivo del cáncer), con acento principal en el diagnóstico. Se tratan las más características, entre estas, las emergencias cardiovasculares (síndrome de Vena Cava superior, taponamiento cardiaco), las emergencias metabólicas (hipercalcemia, lisis tumoral) emergencias neurológicas (compresión medular, hipertensión endocraneana).

OBJETIVO: Descrever o caso de uma criança com paracoccidioidomicose, que apresentou hipercalcemia associada a múltiplas lesões osteolíticas. DESCRIÇÃO: Menino de 6 anos, internado com história de febre e hepatoesplenomegalia há 1 mês. À internação, apresentava-se em regular estado geral, descorado, com linfonodomegalia generalizada e hepatoesplenomegalia. Os exames laboratoriais identificaram anemia (hemoglobina = 6,8 g/dl), eosinofilia (1.222/mm³), plaquetopenia (102.000/mm³) e hipoalbuminemia (albumina = 2,2 g/dl). Paracoccidioides brasiliensis foi identificado no mielograma. A partir da segunda semana de internação, apresentou artralgia, hipoatividade e dificuldade à deambulação, sendo constatada hipercalcemia (dosagem máxima de 14,9 mg%) e redução da função renal, que duraram pouco mais de 2 semanas. No 42º dia de internação, foram vistas, na radiografia de tórax, múltiplas lesões líticas em clavículas, escápulas, costelas e úmeros, com escorregamento epifisário de úmero bilateral. Apresentou nefrocalcinose e nefrolitíase, com redução no clearance de creatinina e evidências de lesão tubular. No final do segundo mês de internação, na cultura do lavado gástrico, foi identificado Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Recebeu tratamento para paracoccidioidomicose e tuberculose e está há mais de 3 anos em acompanhamento, sem nenhuma seqüela. COMENTÁRIOS: O desenvolvimento da hipercalcemia sintomática, levando à lesão renal e associada a lesões ósseas múltiplas e disseminadas, nunca foi descrito em paracoccidioidomicose. Embora tenha sido diagnosticada tuberculose pulmonar, que pode estar relacionada à hipercalcemia, a forma abrupta como se instalou e como se normalizou sem o tratamento específico para tuberculose sugere que a lise óssea foi o fator mais importante na gênese da hipercalcemia.OBJECTIVE: To describe the case of a child with paracoccidioidomycosis who presented hypercalcemia with multiple osteolytic lesions. DESCRIPTION: A 6-year-old boy was admitted with a one-month history of fever and hepatosplenomegaly. On admission, he looked sick, pale, and had disseminated lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. The laboratory findings included anemia (hemoglobin = 6.8 g/dl), eosinophilia (1,222/mm³), thrombocytopenia (102,000/mm³), and hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin = 2.2 g/dl). Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was identified in bone marrow examination. In the second week after admission, the patient presented joint pain, poor activity and difficulty in walking. He presented hypercalcemia (maximum value = 14.9 mg%) and reduction in renal function, which lasted for two weeks. On the 42nd day after admission, his chest X-ray showed lytic lesions in clavicle, scapula, ribs, and humerus, with bilateral slipped capital humeral epiphysis. The patient presented nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis, reduction in creatinine clearance and evidence of tubular lesions. At the end of the second month after admission, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in gastric lavage. The child received treatment for paracoccidioidomycosis and tuberculosis and has not had any sequelae for 3 years. COMMENTS: The development of symptomatic hypercalcemia leading to renal lesion, associated with multiple osteolytic lesions, had never been described in paracoccidioidomycosis. Although pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed and could be related to hypercalcemia, the sudden onset of hypercalcemia and its normalization without specific treatment for tuberculosis suggests that bone lysis was the most important factor in the genesis of hypercalcemia.

Introduction: Aggressive parenteral nutrition with delivery of high amino acid and energy doses is used to improve growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants. Recent findings, however, suggest that this approach may cause electrolyte imbalances. The aim of our study was to compare the prevalence of hypercalcaemia, hypophosphataemia, and hypokalaemia in 2 groups of preterm infants that received parenteral nutrition with different amounts of amino acids and to analyse perinatal and nutritional variables associated with the development of electrolyte imbalances., Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study comparing 2 groups of preterm infants born before 33 weeks' gestation with birth weights of less than 1500 g managed with parenteral nutrition. One of the groups received less than 3 g/kg/day of amino acids and the other received 3 g/kg//day of amino acids or more. We analysed the prevalence of electrolyte imbalances and possible associations with aggressive parenteral nutrition, adjusting for potential confounders., Results: We studied 114 infants: 60 given less than 3 g/kg/day of amino acids (low-intake group) and 54 given at least 3 g/kg/day (high-intake group). The prevalence of electrolyte imbalances was similar in both groups. The prevalence of hypercalcaemia was 1.67% in the low-intake group and 1.85% in the high-intake group (P > .99), the prevalence of severe hypophosphataemia 11.7% vs 9.3%, and the prevalence of hypokalaemia 15.0% vs 11.1% (P > .99). A calcium to phosphorus ratio greater than 1.05 had a protective effect against hypophosphataemia (P = .007)., Conclusions: We did not find an association between hypercalcaemia, hypophosphataemia, and hypokalaemia and the amino acid dose delivered by PN in the high-intake group of preterm infants., (Copyright © 2021 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To determine the frequency and magnitude of neonatal hypophosphataemia (<4mg/dL) in a neonatal Intensive Care Unit and to describe risk groups., Patients and Methods: Retrospective study of hospitalised newborns over a 44 month period (phase 1). Retrospective study of <1,500g/<32 weeks of gestation newborns over a 6 month period (phase 2). Prospective study of <1,500g or 1,550-2,000g, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) newborns. Measurements were made on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 14th days of life (phase 3)., Results: Phase 1: 34 (2.4%) of 1,394 patients had a diagnosis of hypophosphataemia, 76% of them ≤32 weeks of gestation and <1500 grams, and 24% >32 weeks with weight

Background: Despite well-documented risks, injectable supplements containing high doses of vitamins are commonly used., Objectives: To describe acute kidney injury (AKI) as a complication of vitamin intoxication., Methods: Our series consisted of 16 patients with kidney complications resulting from the use of veterinary intramuscular injection supplements of vitamin A, D and E. The patients were admitted to two referral hospitals in Fortaleza (Brazil) between January 2010 and January 2015., Results: Patients' mean age was 28.3±8.9 years (19-53 years), and 11 (68.7%) were male. Main signs and symptoms upon admission were nausea (68.7%), vomiting (62.5%), weight loss (43.7%), epigastric pain (31.2%) and headache (31.2%). At hospital admission the mean laboratory values were: hemoglobin 10±2.0g/dL (6.1-14.2), leukocytes 10,542±4871/mm 3 (4100-15,100), creatinine 3.9±5.2mg/dL (0.7-22) and urea 91±88mg/dL (22-306), respectively. Serum calcium was 12±2.2mg/dL (8.8-15.5), 24-h urine calcium was 575±329mg (10.7-1058), serum PTH was 55±141pg/mL (2-406), and serum vitamin D concentration was 135±75ng/mL (22-265). Using KDIGO criteria, AKI was diagnosed in 13 patients (81.2%), classified as stage 1 (n=3), stage 2 (n=3) or stage 3 (n=7). No deaths occurred in the study period., Conclusions: Excessive use of veterinary vitamin supplements containing high doses of vitamin A, D and E was associated with AKI. Hypercalcaemia, which was a common finding, appears to be a contributing factor to the development of this type of AKI., (Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Nefrología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)